IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


/y 


1.0 


I.I 


^   U&    12.0 


2.5 


1.8 


||l.25  III  1.4      1.6 

^ 

6"     

► 

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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  M580 

(716)  872-4503 


•  ■    ^ 


feT     ^Mp       Mr, 


L<5> 


CIHM/iCMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


\ 


\ 


r^ 


Tachnical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notaa  tachniques  at  bibiiographiquaa 


Tha 

toti 


Tha  Instituta  has  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  bast 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturat  of  this 
copy  which  may  ba  bibiiographically  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagas  in  tha 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  changa 
tha  usual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


D 


D 
D 


D 


B 


Colourad  covars/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I     I    Covars  damagad/ 


Couvartura  andommagte 


□    Covars  rastorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  rastauria  at/ou  pallicuMa 


r~~]    Covar  titia  miasing/ 


titra  da  couvartura  manqua 

lourad  maps/ 
Cartes  gtographiquas  9n  coulaur 


□    Colourad  maps/ 
C 


□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encra  da  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

I     I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  at/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Rail*  avec  d'autras  documents 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  r9  liure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distorsion  le  long  da  la  marge  int^riaure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  tha  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certainas  pages  blanches  ajout^as 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissant  dans  la  texte. 
mais.  lorsqua  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  iti  filmtes. 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentairas  supplAmentaires: 


Title  page  damaged 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  la  mailleur  exemplaira 
qu'il  lui  a  itt  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
da  cet  exemplaira  qui  sont  paut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
una  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mAthode  normala  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


I     I   Coloured  pages/ 


Pagaa  da  coulaur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagtes 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurias  at/ou  palliculAes 

Pagaa  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  dicolories.  tachaties  ou  piquias 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ditachdes 


The 
posi 
oft! 
film 


Orig 

begl 

the 

sion 

othc 

first 

sion 

or  ill 


Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Quality  in^gala  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  metirial  supplimentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


The 
shal 
TINI 
whii 

Map 
diffc 
entii 
begi 
right 
requ 
metl 


n 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc..  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiallamant 
obscurcias  par  un  feuillet  d 'errata,  une  pal  urn, 
etc.,  ont  iti  filmtes  A  nouveau  da  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  rMuction  indiqui  ci-dessous. 

IPX _14X 18X  22X 

I  1  '        i  1  I  -    I.    -L -I 

y 


MX 


30X 


12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  hat  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Harold  CamplMll  Vaudhan  Mamorial  Library 
Acadia  Univartity 


L'exemplaire  film*  fut  reproduit  grtoe  A  la 
gAnArositA  de: 

Harold  Campbali  Vawghan  IMtmorial  Library 
Acadia  Univartity 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  l>est  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Les  Images  suivantes  ont  «t«  reproduites  svec  le 
plus  grand  soln,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettetA  de  I'exempialre  film«,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  Impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  Impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  -^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Les  exemplalres  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimte  sont  fllmte  en  commenpant 
par  le  prsmier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'lllustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exempleires 
originaux  sont  fllmte  on  commen^ent  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'lllustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparattra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symboie  — ►  signifle  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifle  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  Included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  In  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
film«s  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diff Arents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich«,  11  est  filmA  A  psrtir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'Images  nAcessalre.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


1  2  3 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

8 

■""'^^   ^— TV 


mr'--r7K5>' 


1-s       -"O 


M- 


H  I  s  t'o  i# 

OP  THE        .     *^ 
OF%lE 

^^"^ff^  (four  Fmf0i^iim 

AT  PLXMO^H, 


A 


i  «;!»•' .,*?**'' 


I»  NE#.ENGLAND,         ' 

>  ^^^J^^^^'^  ^  lindinp  iff  1620,  tioiijfhifin^  MiWut^ 
*     1^  'ioo  of  ifac  Natim  in  i«y5,™  ™**** 

To^HiCH  IS  AtimttD,  tnu  DEFEAT  q»  A'-' ^l 


."^J-L 


p 


^■iM 


jN  O  H"  W  1  r  w. 


?^  ^^^J; 


»' ,' 


mSTj^ICT  of  CONNECTICUT,  to  wit  t 


tseciZifie  ll^y^  ^'  emouragmcnt  of  Itarning, 
'  -  MpifARm,  CM  ^ihimtrictof  Comteeiinh 


.>« 


f 


# 


■  1 


CHAP.  L 


mSCOFERr  OF  AMERICA, 

Br 
CHRISTOPHER  COLUMBuS. 


M 


I ANKIND  owe  the  difcorer^  of  the  western  Worl« 
%  the  gold,  the  silver,  the  precious  stones,  the  spteet^ 
•i*ii  and  costly  inanurtctures  of  the  east  |  and  ev^ 
those  incentives  were  for  a  considerable  iline^  insuffipe  "^ 
to  prompt  to  the  undertaking,  although  the  moat  ^m^k 
■•Tigator  of  the  age  proffered  to  risk  bis  iile  in  the  aW 
tempt.  \, 

C.RisTOFH.  CoiUMBus,  who  was  aesliflfd  fJ^  «!«: 

high  honour  of  revealing  a  new  hemisphere  to  Eo^i 

^i,  WM  by  birth  a  Genoese,  who  had  been  early  tr^ 

fd  toa  wafanng  life,  and,  having  acquired  *very  hrtii<g| 

♦f  knowled^  connected^  with  that  proleasion,  was  nolSf 

^..t.ngu..hed  by  hi.  skUl  and  abiliiiea,  than  for  hi.  feS 

pid  and  persevering  spirit.    This  man,  when  about 

yews  of  age,    had   formed  the  great  idea  of  i| 

the  East.Indica  by  sailing  westward;  bm,  a.  mI 

was  very  small,  and  the  attempt  rwjuired  very  ete 

patronage,  desirous  thH  his  native  c<>tiWry  ,|i«W4 

by  his  success,  hi  laid  Ms  pt^ftAefore  qit^^^ 

«P«,  but  the  vmm  appearing  chicperi^^ 

ed.    He  then  repaired  to  the  court  of  l^^i^ 

though  the  Poituguese  were  authar  i^il^^ 

for  their  commercial  spirit,  and  Jpnif  ^^^^^ 

^»  wa.  a  disceriiing  and  enierpridi  ' 


**. 


^^Ifefe; 


.WS; 


••   ©•*«»•  «••««    !U 


x^  'S  5 


<«^. 


il.»  ";f7'  "•"""»•    "« -««  .PPM  .  "'f  .^'' 
»AMD  and  ItAtBLiA,  kiiiff  and  ou^n  Jlr  T 

C».ilc  .nd  «  .h.  ..'„.  .L  1?  r,:^,"^"  •"" 
o«w  (.ho  followed  ih.  ..m.  prrfisBU,™    'd  .  '     '• 

VH    whfch  l.k.«..e,  rcrr  far.»n«.„  f.,  .fc.  r„.„„  ,»J 
1»»6  of  ihe  counlrr.  -nel  with  no  .uccew.    »!.»»,.« 
Ae  ye.r»  which  Cbehtofh..  Coi««,„s  ,  J'T»  T^  « 
fco'Ml  «>.nd.nce..  the  Ca«m.„  Coun     J!   »- 
•.H«l  .....  inu.  Which  .he  6„.„c..  o^J  l":,^";-- 

«"» bf  r  ^r"  ':"»"•'"*"••  powerfoi^iid  of  I,:! 

•tiL.,  broke  through  .11  obitMle. ,  .he  dectared  herself 

thJi'!»"'*''\""'  °"  "■"  '■■"■»""«  «•«■•  were  onl, 

*"«.ken,  ,e.,  when  e»ery  thmg  w..  provided.  Te^. '. 

we  iwelra  momh.  provision  put  oo  board. 
_  C.L««.,.  «,  „i,  f„„  p„„  p,,^   .^  ^^ 

~mill;i  fe'M""""  "J  ""•"  "  N.    .0  .hi.  co»r.e  h 
tod  WW Jt     ,,"'°';:''''  •'""""  '■•'""8  '»  ""fc  «»y 
»f  to  .rU,  „.,he.»„p„ior  .ddrcs.  „d  management  of 


^nuUf  to  Mi 

I    to   FlRSI. 

rragon   and 
>*  Baatrol* 
nd  who  WM 
nder  tucb  a 
ore  Hsvar 
future  well 
Many  were 
cm  in  inef^ 
e  impoTer- 
•ited  king, 
repressing 
i;  but  tht 
ind  of  IvA. 
red  herself 
nd  FsRoi- 
iti  the  Toj. 
u&  did  the 
•"T  of  one 

were  only 
liad  nine- 
>e  expedi- 
being  ua- 
th6  cose 
»nd  there 

o?ince  of 
needed  to 
•«  course  * 
ourse  he 
with  any 
nd  aouti- 
ment  of 


the  eomntnder  beeeme  uueqnal  to  soppress»  althoagh 
for  these  qualities  he  was  eminently  distinguished.  He 
was  at  length  reduced  to  the  necessity  of  entering  into  a 
aolemn  engagement  to  abandon  th«  enterprite  and  return 
bomei  if  land  did  not  appear  in  three  days.  Probably  he 
would  not  have  been  able  to  retain  his  people  so  long 
from  acts  of  violence  and  outrage,  in  pursuing  so  untried 
and  dreary  a  course)  had  they  not  been  sensible  that  their 
safety  In  returni  g  home,  depended  very  much  on  bis 
skill  as  a  navigator,  in  conducting  the  vessel. 

At  length  the  appearance  of  land  changed  thcif  del. 
pendency  to  the  most  exulting  rapture.  It  was  an  islenti 
abounding  with  inhabitants,  both  sexes  of  which  were 
quite  naked  ;  their  manners  kind,  gentle,  and  unswiprciu 
ing.  CoLUMSus  named  it  San  Salvador :  it  is  one  of  the 
cluster  which  bears  the  general  name  of  Bahama;  it  was 
only  3*  30  lat.  to  the  S.  of  the  ;sland  of  Gomora,  otte  of 
the  Canaries,  from  whence  he  took  his  departure.  Thfs 
navigator  was  still  so  confirmed  in  the  opinion  #hfch  he 
had  formed  before  he  undertook  the«!royage,  that  lit  bdw 
lieved  himself  than  to  be  on  an  island  which  was  situated 
adjacent  to  the  Indies.  Proceeding  to  the  S.  he  saw  three 
other  islands,  which  he  nanned  St.  Mary  of  the  Concep. 
tion,  Ferdinand  and  Ii^abeffa*  At  length  he  arrived  at  a 
very  large  island,  and  as  he  bid  taken  seven  of  the  n%» 
lives  of  San  Salvador  on  bi>fifnd,  he  learned  from  them  it 
was  called  Cuba,  but  he  gave  HHie  name  of  Juanna.*- 
He  next  proceeded  to  an  island  wHeli:  he  called  Espay* 
nola,  in  honour  of  the  kingdom  byiK|pi%e  was  emplG|p* 
ed,  and  it  still  bears  tht«ame*^or;kti|}iai|^  Here  hi;' 
built  a  fort  and  foririi^^^il' i^tli^l^'^^^  then  r^ 
turned  home,  having  e^lpSfd  sd^^if  tlii  tStAiitiMhoik 
be  had  taken  from  the  diC^rent  ists^jJi^eerliS^^ore 
southern  course,  he  fell  in  ^tth  >pl^^^yj|^^^^ib||^ 
islands)  and  arrived  at  the  port  df  E 


«*•  privilege.  «.„„>„•  J  i.  .""  7  r-*"  '•  "i.  fceir.  i* 

Z  -•*'«"«',,  tfc.  n.a,r»r.  »?.•    ;*"  '"»'  ""•  •'• 
hl««  o(  ..  W....r»di„  ".  *"  2'""'*  •»«•  "•.  .ppej. 

«»••.»«  ..«.d  p«  iw?"*r '"  '*•  ""'•'"'•»'»• 

J.*  -hi.*  C.„«?,/;^»»«  »««~.  .h.n  .fc.  dW 
•f  '«!#p»  «h..  fce  h«|  befor,  r         *'"•  •''-  •'"iron, 

•;';*""  «•««  «w  di.c.,;^*;  f""*  ■»  <«  «•"*«!  »,,h 


tU  mage  ntj^ci  to  tht  Romiih  fkltii,  wbTch  pUn  fia^ 
Its  desired  e^pt 

Alexamoem  VI.  who  then  filled  tht  papal  chair,  U 
^ught  to  be  mentioned,  waa  ihe  moat  profligate  and  aban* 
doncd  of  men  i  being  a  native  of  ArragoB,  and  deairoog 
•f  conciliating  the  favor  of  FEaoiiTAMD,  for  the  purpoaa^ 
of  ajcgrandiEing  his  family,  he  readiljr  granted  a  requtat, 
which  at  no  expence  or  risk,  tended  to  extend  the  con* 
aequenee  and  authority  of  the  papacy  ;  he  therefore  be 
atowed  on  Fbidinano  and  laABXLLA,  «« all  the  conir* 
triea  inhabited  bjr  infidela,  which  they  had  diacovered.** 
But  aa  it  waa  necessary  to  prevent  thia  grant  from  intar- 
fering  with  one  not^Iong  before  made  to  the  crown  of 
Portugal,  he  appointed  that  a  line  supposed  to  be  drawA 
from  pole  to  pole,  one  hundred  leaguea  to  the  weaiward 
•f  the  Azores  should  serve  as  a  limft  between  them  j  and 
m  the  plenlitude  of  his  power,  c6nf(f^red  all  to  the  east 
of  thia  imaginary  line  upon  the  Portogueiei  and  aUi^ 
the  west  ef  it  upon  the  Spaniards. 

CoLUMSus  set  sail  on  his  voyage  from  the  Md  ff  Ca. 
di«,  on  the  35ih  o^ September,  UfS;  wh$^  arrived 
at  St.  Espagniola,  he  hatthe  affliction  to  rui  tliat  aM  tho 
Spaniards  whon|  he  hadjeft  there,  amounting  to  ihifty. 
aix  in  number,  hUhttn  put  jo  death  lyr  the  natives,  in 
revenge  for  the  insults  and  outrages  which  th^  'ad  com. 
mitted.  After  having  traced  out  the  plan  of  ^  town  'm» 
large  plain,  near  a  apaciouiT  bay,  and  given  it  t^^^ 
of  Isabella,  in  honour  of  lys  patronesa  tbtj^tfj^npfCn^ 
tile,  and  appointed  his  brother  Don  DiB«9i^  presid# 
as  Deputy  Governor  in  his  absence,  Coi.uiiai||.  «b  th« 
a4th  of  April,  U94.  sailed  with  one  ihip  and  mmm 
barks,  to  make  (unher  discoveries  in  thoae  seas*  i^iM 
toyage  he  was  employed  five  months,  and  f# 
Biany  small  islands  on  the  coast  of  Cuba,  btit' 
ff  any  important  except  tit9  jali^i^  •{ 


f*.  ' 


>  lAa  .a&aa  AiitiK  k'  -, 


'if>^i-if!m«-^*7?i-i^-r".-f'fmv-mr^,4i0m 


liiliMfi'BUefmmi 


^i.a^^'A^lSlktj 


mtt.  ..r  «ith  the  Indiini,  who  McortlD.  lo  Um  sLZ 
'.fc  hi...ri,„.,  ,„o«ni«I<o  lOO^menf  .t^fc!?:; 

rr;:  ■rt'"'  "'"""'^  '»'•••'.■..  ."dt.u4 
'or  revente,  t  ditpoution  which  .pBMr,  m  i,...  A 

foreign  fr«m  th.ir  „.,u„^    H.vinT"  u' J  '    ^, 

:«'  »•  •"«'!«''  •-■»  or  nigh..  wU  'XV.™  1 
.eo.bled  on. ,  wide  pl.i„,  „d  obuined  ,  mwi  Jl^J- 

.!.!«  the  effect  .f  „„««,  Z  b".™  *'!.'""'.  *; 

fo-.  I»dr  of  I„di.„..  eloeel,  drawn  ,!^Z'  i„T 
i«he"    degree   dolrucUre.    Coi»k.„.  fc.H  J       v 
•«r  ,i.b  him  .  .„.,,  bod;  of  "„"'      Th.  ,!■"*■" 
«h.  h«i  „e,er  befor.  „«„  .»chTc«.",n»  I      '".' 
*e  Sp«i.h  bom.  ,0  b.  ,.,i„„,,  be^"        :,  ?'*"^ 
with  it.  .M..  f         .  .      "iionw  beingi,  end  that  e*ch 
•itfcjt.  nd,r  formed  but  on,  .nimel,  ihey  were  uion 
»l.«l..  .heir  .p.^.  „,  ,.n.id.r.d,heif  IpCuX 

Brought  h„fc„,  ,fc  ,j,  „,  ,„  ^y  jj^.^ 

•«  ..tmptmg  «.i..,nce,  they  fled  with  .iHhe  .peed 
Wtach  ,„„r  could  excito.    Nun,ber.  were  .>:  n.'^^J 

"r.c '""""" ""' ""  """"*•'"'  "»•'«»•- 

The  character  ©f  Cotujwrg  stends  ver»  hio.h  :«  .1. 
«^».«on  ..  „.nkind,  he  i.  renet^n^?: 
«"  po.«M..g  .uperior  f.„i.„de.  .„d  .u.h  .  fterf! 

r«     H  '         l!"'"*""  """"K"""""  forpie,^.S 


w*»fe-ftisa«iyj^i^;j^  ^ 


rwolftd  l9 
(ht  Spuh 

n  their  in. 
nd  tliirtttd 
have  been 
id  hit  full 
^  were  m< 
>i  decisive 
>art^    Be* 
>  noise  of 
*  nume- 
%  in   the. 

brought 
'  Indians 
imagined 
that  eftch 
re  asion- 
setuositf 
had  be- 

destrojT 
i  apeciet 
ad  been 
ii  with* 
e  ipeed 
in,  and 
nsigncd 

I  in  this 
lyas  i 

steaid^ 

sty  aciii 


iiies,  on  sceottBt  of  thai  distressed  stat*  into  which  tiie 
colonf  wai  brought  t  the  change  of  cliroatei  and  the  in« 
dispensable  labors  which  were  required  of  men  unac* 
customed  lO  any  exertions,  had  swept  awtjr  great  nuni* 
bers  of  the  new  settlers,  and  the  survivors  were  declin- 
ing daiijr,  whilst  such  was  the  irreconcileable  enmity  of 
the  nativei,  that  the  most  kind  and  circumspect  conduct 
on  the  part  of  the  Spaniarda,  would  not  have^been  elTec* 
tual  io  Regain  their  good  will.— This  apofogf  seems  to 
have  bean  geherally  admitted^  for  all  modern  writers 
^ave  bestowed  upon  the  discoverer  or  the  new  world  tbo 
warmest  commendations  unmixed  with  censure*— It  is  ail 
unpleasant  task  to  derogate  from  exalted  merit,  and  to 
impute  a  detiberatci  plan  of  cruelty  and  extirpation  to  i 
man  revered  for  moral  worth ;  but  although  •  pert  af- 
fectation of  novel  opinions  could  only  originate  In  wealt 
ihinds,  and  can  be  countenanced  onlf  by  stich,  yet  a  free 
•hd  unreserved  scrutiny  of  facts,  can  alone  separate  truth 
li?om  error,  and  apportion  the  just  and  intrinsic  degree 
of  merft  belonging  to  any  character.— That  Cotoitaos 
bad  loomed  (he  design  6f  waging  offensive  war  ag4|||t 
the  Indians,  end  reducing  them  to  slavery,  before  he  en- 
tered upon  his  second  voyage,  and,  consequently  before 
he  was  apprized  of  the  dbatruction  of  the  people  which 
he  had  left  upon  the  island  of  Hispaniola,  may  be  infer- 
red from  his  proceeding  himself  with  such  a  number  of 
fierce  and  powerful  dogs. 

Having  found  the  natives  pe  iceable  and  well  disposed, 
he  had  no  reason  to  apprehend  that  they  would  com- 
mence unprovoked  hostilities;  the  cavalry  which  he  took 
over,  whilst  it  tended  to  impress  those  people  with  the 
deepest  awe  and  veneration,  was  fuJf))P!H>fficient  fut*  the 
seeurity  of  the  new  colony,  if  the  frieB^p  of  the  «l^ 
^vee  had  been  sincerely  meant  to  be  cutct^d  by  alEtJ^,; 
•iid«|<ittable  deportments  but  to  treat  tl|^«^s  i  firt^"^ 


„*fS' 


:/ 


^W^f i^HMSS!?*' ■ 


^" 


,9V- 


people  wa5  inconsistent  ^ith  if,.  .:. 
P»antihg  a  colony,  forasTheJ.:!  .  ''^''^  ^'^  '^ 

«ak.  the  distant  voyages"  'the  bn  ".""'"  ^°  "'^'"■ 
«o.  ^s  Columbus  haf  se.n  V         ^'  ^'^  "'^^^'*''"&  &*>I<y> 

th<i  natives,  a-^^U  V       •  ^^  "'"'"  ^^  *>' laments  by 
»•"«»,  ii..a  Had  been  informed  ii..f  .t.     ■  ■ 

ou»  P.n.  of  the  country  vielderfTh  •    '  n>ounta,n. 

'i™.«  large,  ^^hZby^'T'"""''  »""'■""•«».. 
r-  "WTiim  »a  lar  as  possib  e  lo  realize  •  ih-  s»    •    J 
could  «ot  obtain  gold  *iil,„„t  ,h-  ""  S>P«niard» 

lives,  and  thossw^r.       """"."•"=  «S3,«ance  of  the  na. 
•Ilur  mem  of  ll'n,  '°  ""'"■"'■onally  i„d„|e„,  ,ha,  no 

.0  labor  -^;„'Cue"r  ^"''""''""^  »•"<"«!..  .he» 

«ave  de"o"ed  a  hi,    """"'  "'  '"»"  deliberately  to 
slavery -steh    .  ™"  "^  """  "'  ^'""Bb.er  ,nS 

-.s  »d  ;re:ed^;r  f:::dr  t:  "'  "•"  --••■^•^ 

tains  and  inacr^.«jM  ^'^e^^'o'n.  fled  in?o  the  moun- 

H..  .J  :xr^er:/;ei;r  r "  -•  -'^• 

P«^d  .0  Obtain  a  portion  of  Cd'C  .  "e     ZllZ' 

.  «.c.ed._TL,e  wS  ?""  "!""  "'■'^''  *"  "8oron,i; 
drive,,  fr„»  f  „  .fXe.,     T""  °'  "  ''''  ^""■"'  "•"» 

«l.«b  tb,  ..coZC  of t  *  Vo^^bar  •  '"T ™'^' 
ed,  and  which  th..;n  k      7  ^  happiness  sharpen- 

po«ab,.  td  irg;atitb'er:''r'™ '""""  --"p- 

v.»gcd  victin,s.of^Europe,ntarice    TT  '"'  """^ 
which  bave  ever  b,..n  .7  .    f  ""^  ""  ""  '•'='» 

.ion!-Co:C;a1  "cSS  Z' ^T  """™'"'- 
goodnc. !  but  Should  he  noT  ath«  be"  T"?  '"" 
•»>«  consummate  dessemb  er  „' f '  """"!''  "  « 
'Wl.  he  raeditated  s^T,^"'  a„d  "^  ^^  ^^""" 

*.~c.««d..„„„hSor;:x'"rL:;: 


whicfi  Fed  to* 
Hive  to  under- 
cquiring  gold, 
ornarnenis  by 
th?  mountain- 
3US  metal,  he 
ahd  in  the  na« 
mbiiion  coin« 
he  Spaniards 
e  of  the  na« 
lolent  that  no 
J  excite  them 
>m  disgrace, 
liberately  to 
aughter  and 
that  dreadful 
0  the  moun- 
:h  not  yiefd* 
f  were  com- 
■  cruel  pur- 
appon  life; 

is  rigorously 
people,  thus 
>elled  to  la* 
sspondency^ 
S8  sharpen- 
red  unsup- 

but  unre« 
e  the  fact! 

contradic> 
laniiy  and 
ered  as  a 
loderation 
St  of  the 
inouncin^ 


J«jry  principle  of  justice  and  humanity  when  they  stop, 
ped  X\^  career  of  his  ambition  !^F«Ri„«rA»i,  L^. 
pus,  his  son,  and  biographer,  har  with  great  adLw 
covered^  the  Shame  of  his  father,  wlUlst^headS 
world  has  been  little  disposed  to  censure  a  mZ  tSf 
sp^dcmt  of  whose  action  ,,  powerfully  fascinates  ani 

iiiii-»<»<K 

CHAP.  II. 

LANDING  Of  OmPOREFATH^, 
At  PLYMOUTH. 

THE  ilnglish,  conducted  by  John  CAan-r  :«  ,u 
mr  U97,  f„„„d,he  w,y  ,0  No„h  Arrica  "I;'";': 
C<,.»«.„s  h>d  sue-wssfully  crossed  .he  Atlantic     but  « 
he  orre„„i„  tha.  country  brought  down  „„  g^y,"!;' 
tl«M„dia„,  ,ere  not  bedecked  «th  any  costly  ofnate^Bl 
no  attempt,  „ere  made  to  ^sKpIore  the  country  for  nea"? 
century  after  i>s  discovcry-Sir  F.*»c,s  D.«.  "  h! 
traversed  the  whole  circumference  of  the  globe";  o^ 
vorage,  and  .n  one  .hip,  which  had  never  been  a.chieved 

wtt'inl?  'T""^  *""°^"'«  ""  Spaniard."^ 
West-Ind  es,  and  on  the  main,  gained  some  knowredgi 
of  he  ea,te,„  shore  of  the  northern  continent,  as  be  had 
Wore  of  the  western  part,  about  the  ..me  ;arane.  - 
S,r  w*x.TK„  R.,.,„B,  however,  was  the  fir.t  navigator 

tempted  to  settle  a  colony.  .  ^ 

At  that  time  colonization  made  no  part  of  the  system  of 
government,  so  that  there  were  few  stimulents  U,  aUn 

.t!ir:r:i!'^  ''-  •^-.P-  -V-klng  possession. 

..       """'"P«=-— At  length  a  powerful  incentive 

arose,  stronger  than  the  inflqence  of  kings,  than^i^tovc 


pf  ^9S9,  than  the  dread  of  inncry.--|?%/«,,  which  bf^l 
long  been  conreried  into  the  most  powerful  engine  which 
human  subilety  ever  made  me  of  to  subjugate  the  masf^ 
of  mankind,  no  sooner  ceased  to  be  so  perverted,  than  by 
*^i|»^?»  proper  force  it  cpmpelled  large  bodies  of  people 
^^ounce  every  present  enjoy nient,  the  instinctive  Ibv^ 
o*y%|native  soil,  rooted  habits,  and  dearest  connexions. 
«ndto  aeitle  in  the  dreary  wilds  of  a  far  distant  continent. 
-^  ^  '  When  England,  by  a  vpry  singular  concurrence  of  cir- 

fumstances,  ihrew  off  the  |>apal  yoke,  state  policy  so  pre- 
dominated in  the  measuicVthat  the  consciences  of  men 
^^^£1!!'"  '•^^''•«'*  •*>  M  'to  the  discipline,  confirm  to 
i  *  ■  llMte?®9'*'*»  »nd  ascent  tq  the  doctnnes  which  the 
M     pmmf^  powers  established.— AhhougK  a  dissent  from 
the  church  of  Rome  was  considered  as  meritorious,  yet 
Pf^'^Wy  frpm-the  churrh  of  England  waAeld  to  be  he. 
feiiCai;  and  an  offence  to  be  punished  by  the  civil  magis. 
'       *'***;— T|e  human  mind,  soinewhat  awakened  from  a 
f^  ^spenaidli  of  its  powers  by  a  WickcUfe,  farther  en- 
^Wj^tened  by  an  Erasmus  and  Mehnthon,  and  at  length 
^d  forth  into  energy  by  the  coilosion  of  those  two  ar- 
dent  anddariajj;.api^itt,  Lutmrr  andCAtviK,  then  be. 
gan  to  beii|  alis  its  attention  towfirds  religious  enquiries ; 
•nd  cjcercised  i^ll  iif  powers  in  such  pursuits— Honce 
arose  a  vast  diversity  6f  opinions,  which  gave  rise  to  nu- 
merous sects  and  denominations  of  (Christians,  but  as  the 
proteatant  estabJishmcnt  in  England,,  held  it  essential  to 
prcervo  a.^nity  of  faith,  fhos<f  novel  opinions  obtained 
00  more  quarter  there  than  under, papdl  power. 

In  ihey^ar  16M),  a  company^  of  tlie  |)er»ecuted  re- 
ligionlsta.  composing  the  church  of  a  Mr.  Robiksow 
having  previously  detcrminctr  to  remove  to  a  country 
wher6  theyf might  be  enobled  to  Worship  Gon,  agreeable 
to  the  dictates  of  their  consdiences,  emigrated  to  IJol. 
landj  and  settled  in  tjte  cit*  tJ  ti  f^^^.f^ 


'•-/•-•• 


,.i .1- 


ws.'CJ 


<>    k.iVJP    KV>«'* 


.11-* 


engine  which 
gate  the  masf 
^erted}  than  bjr 
die»  of  people 
nstinctive  loy^ 
t  connextqns^ 
lant  contioent. 
irrence  of  cir- 
policy  ao  pre- 
ences  of  men 
!f  confqrm  to 
es' which  the 
'dissent  from 
ritorious,  yet 
leld  to  be  he- 
:  civil  magis* 
cened  from  a 
'e,  fai^ther  en- 
nd  at  length 
those  two  ar- 
iK,  then  be- 
IS  enquiries ; 
aits.-— Honce 
t  rise  to  nu- 
ts, but  as  the 
t  essential  to 
ions  ol>tained 
jr. 
rsecuted  re- 

V  KcBlKSOlf 

k  a  country 
>,  agreeable 
ted  to  ^ol. 


Iteaed  to  Tttide  antil  the  year  16tO.  Although  the  te^ 
«lcaiutlcal  lawa  of  Holland  did  not  at  thia  time  sanction 
^  condemn  the  principles  of  any  particuUr  sect  of  chria« 
iPiMlit  yet  great  were  the  disadvantages  under  wMch  th« 
fglMfrantl  laboured ;  f^j|Olwithstandirig  the  Dutch  gave 
Hmm  a  welcome  rec€^|b4|k  ftnd  manifested  a  disposition 
ti^  treat  them  with  «|||^.|Ki^ct,  they  never  could  be 
prevailed  uponl^y  thf  |6rnii»r  to  conform  to  their  mode 
pf  worshipt  or  to  renotinte  principles  which  the  English 
(conceived  destructive  to  moral  society ;— nor  did  (he  em- 
igrants here  succ(;ed  in  Qther  respects  agreeable  to  their 
views— 10  far  from  increiising  th^sir  little  flock*  they  found 
that  in  the  coarse  of  \tn  years,  they  had  experienced  a 
diminution  laf  more  than  one  half  their  original  numbier<M>i , 
'manyi  in  consequence  ot  the  impoverished  state  of  the 
ipountry,  i|ad  spent  thf  ir  estate^  an0  retarned  to  England. 
Hence  it  wair  that  the  remaining  few  fprmed  the  detor* 
mination  of  attempting  once  more  to  seek  a  country  bat- 
ter adapted  to  thieir  pious  purposes,  and  auch  as  would 
proipise  a  more  fruitful  abode  to  their  offspring*  B%  . 
^OTae  the  unexplored  parts  of  America  was  p^op^sei^ 
an;4  i|ftetr  a  day  set  apart  for  solemn  humiliation  and  praise 
to  Aliuightt  Gop,  it  was  re8^ve4:that  4  part  of  the 
church  shoulcf  fiilt  emigrate  to  Atfierifca«r<tfwl  if  there 
m'eeting  with  a  favotirable  rfscefttion,  shiMild  jarej^iiie:  ««i 
abode  lor  the  remainder.       "^  ^**  ri>  ^ 

They  easily  obtained  a  royal  grani^of  a  vcigf: jfrxtenMVe 
|ract  of  land  (npw. called  New  England)  whither  they  inr 
tended  to  r^air,  not  to  amaas  vrealih,  or  to  externilnate 
the  inh^ibitai^ts,  but  to  subsist  by  industry,  tp  purchAf^ 
security  .by  honourable  intercourse  with  j^.na(ives»  and 
to  acquire  strength  under  the  auspices  of  iiil^iii. 

They  ma4e  a  purchase  of  two  small  ships*  Mfllr^  '^* 
|h  August,  1  €30,  having  repaired  to  Plj^mmitlill 

_  .li..  »..>_M..w     _-—  2_ ..j:^ <^ li ;*-.  -L 

-  »SS7  purpvsvf   -919»C  Urn    rSBiiiQ«;SB  *U  ZTSHUffSS^ f. 


y»»  n»if  Mm 


'^ 


*»  «^«»t  !^;reir  :.t  r«!r "'  ■'"■ '»« «"  - 

«c«iTed  to  ob«ruct  their  .LI  "^"    '***''*'«  »»'«rt»l 

•*«  «orm  h.d  .„„,,j„    W  «o  keep  comp,„,  „,., 

^  OB  *e  loth  No^rbe^T"'  ^  """^  ""  «»«••• 

Coo.  irhere  thev  witb  „,„k  ^.1       "  ""  ""«  of  Cape 
•"c.ededii.todireiiTs,!''®''''''  '"•"V  fi»l.w.W 

»'««..h»0U8h,h./t,*'^''"'  *'  '"cceeded  in   their 

•»•"  -ui.ro.  no»  )!:^^?:„'„'''"''«"'''  o«".  What  V„ 
»«'»nl«8tbeWol,en\«r"?  '"  '   «"««»  tod!-. 

*«'»ae  ,h«,„,  o,J,o„„  to  Th.h.r  ,^™  "°  ''"^'«'»  •» 
elemenc,  of  ,„  approichinl  !•        .  """«  f"""  the  in- 

febhation  of  »i,d  ,„d  *tcio«  '?""",'  "'""»"•.  '"e 
»«ie  Aode  of,  race  of  hH»T        '"""''  »"''  Probably 

'O'k..'  wWch  a.  far  ..  the  ere     't.^*'  •""  P'^i'o'ing 
%«««-be„en,hor.,|       "  """■  »*»«"«.  ni.rkeS 


Mtr  succe«difi^  with  much  difficulty  in  di$ppf«»^| 
iftrl/our  in  which  their  ;5h^  could  rids  With  m%tf ,  th  J 
feade  choice  of  teq  of  tjie  roost  rcsoluti;  of  their  ^ufli- 
bcr  10  explpre  the  adjacent  country,  md  discover  if  po$. 
sible  a  more  contcnient  pl^cc  for  their  fuiurc  tbode} 
i^ho,  on  the  morping  of  the  I6ih,  pmided  vith  •  rouak- 
et  e^ch,  set  out  for  this  purpose— they  had  not^penetra- 
te^  the  woods  above  three  miles  when  they   di«covere4 
five  of  the  natives  (which  were  the  first  ^een  by  thena 
since  their  arrival)  they  Were  cloathed  with  Xht  skins  of 
animaN,  and  armed  with  bows  and  arrows—the  English, 
withsigrts  of  friendship  made  toward  them,  but  were 
no  sooner  discovered  by  th«  lavages,   than  they,  with  a 
terrible  yell,  fled  i^ith   the  greatest  precipitancy  j-wgW 
approaching,  the  English  erected  a  small  temporary  In. 
campment,  and  after  placing  their  sentinels  retired  to  re»^ 
Early  the  ensuing  morning  they  continued  their  journiy, 
following  for  a  considerable  distance  the  tri^cts  of  the  fiv« 
Indians  above  mentioned,  in  hopes  thei^eby  to  discover 
their  habitations  and  obtain  therefrom  a  fresh  sipnply  of 
provision,  of  which  they  were  much  in  want ;  b^i  in  tm 
they  did  not  fully  succeed.    At  about  qoou  they  arrivftf 
at  an  extensive  plat  of  clear  ground,  ^ar   wbid,  ito 
discovered  a  pond  of  fresh  water,  and  Sveral  m^M: 
locks  of  raised  earth,  which  they  conjectured  to^|h,i(^ 
graves  of  the  Indians-proceeding  a  little  further  we|t " 
they  discovered  a  large  quantity  of  stubble,  which  they 
imagmed  to  be  that  ot  lomf  kind  of  Indiii  «rain  pecu- 
liar to  the  country  j  they  also  discovered  a  spot  where 
Jey  suspected  an  Indian  hut  b^d  recently  stood,  MthW 
found  aearby  some  planks  curiously  wrought  and  a  un0 
earthcru  pot-proceeding  stiil  farther  they  discjovjed* 
mamfa^  more  of  the  little  hillocks  of  broken  grotmdi 
•bov,  described,  and  which  they  now  begau  to  s^ 
to  be  the  nhir*  ^r  j i.  .r  . .        *^  ^^Wfrnm 


\ 


'^4 


■     to  be  the  place  of  depoiit  of  *ame!hi«ft  «i~ 


;  lead  l—cariosity  leading  them  to  examioe  more  cMf 

i(iUt  of  tbete  what  they  had  before  supposed  to  be  lodiiui 

■epulchres,  they  to  their  great  surprise,  found  it  to  con. 

tain  a   large  qoaniitj  of  the  Indian  grain  (corn)  aboY^ 

mentioned  l-it  was  still  in  the  ear,  and  excited  to  no 

smill  degree  the  curiosity  of  the  English,  as  they  had 

nerer  before  seen  any  thing  of  the  kind-by  a  few  of  thd 

wmpany  the  discovery  was  deemed  of  importance,  but 

by  others  (who  had  attempted  to  eat  of  the  corn  in  its 

Taw  state)  it  was  pronounced  indifferent  food,  of  littld 

talue  l^they  however  concluded  it  best  to  return  and 

make  known  t«he  discovery  to  their  brethren.  , 

Having  succeeded  with  soi&e  difficulty  in  reaching  th6 
place  fron»  which  they  started,  they  were  met  by  thoie 
whom  they  had  left  behind  with  the  most  uhspeakabi* 
jo^  and  satisfaction  :  to  whom  they  exhibited  a  specimen 
of  the  gram  which  they  had  found,  and  recommended 
the  spot  from  which  it  was  procured,  as  the  most  con. 
venient  and  suitable  at  which  to  abide  during  the  ap- 
proachmg  winter.    The  company  accordingly  on  the 
35th  proceeded  for  and  in  safety  reached  the  place  above 
mentioned,   with  which  being  so  i»udh  pleased,  they 
termed   Ilew.J^ljmettiA,  in  remembrance  of  the  port  at 
which  they  last  embarked  in  Europe  ;-bere  they  con- 
eluded  to  abide  unifl  such  time  as  further  discoveries 
could  be  made^^they  erected  a  few  temporary  huts,  suf- 
ficient to  shelter  them  from  the  weather  and  soon  after 
by  mutual  consent  entered  into  a  solemn  combination, 
»»«  body  politick;  and  on  the  loth  December  assembled 
to  form  for  themselves  such  a  government  and  laws  at 
tftey  should  ^n  the  most  just  and  equitable  j  previoua 
to  which,  the  fqj|g|ii)g  instrument  was  drawn  up,  which 
being  first  read  anMented  to  by  the  company,  received 
Ibeir  signatures  :~tmt : 
f*  li  th*  name  of  Go»,  amen^We  whoie  namerait 


more  ctbietf^ 
d  to  be  lofjiaii 
>und  it  to  con. 

(corn)  9boH 
excited  to  no 
)  as  they  had 
T  a  few  of  thd 
iportance,  but 
^e  corn  in  its 
food,  of  littM 
9  return  and 
I.  « 

reaching:  tb6 
met  by  thoie 

uhfipeakabid 
3  a  specimen 
ecommended 
e  most  con. 
urihg  the  ap- 
nglr  on  tbe 
'  place  above 
leased^  they 

the  port  at 
re  they  con- 
r  discoTeriea 
y  huts>  8uf« 
d  soon  after 
:ombination) 
ir  asaeiibled 
and  lawa  aa 
e  ;  previoua 
n  up,  which 
Iff  receiTed 

■  name^  are 


I  underwritten!  tbe  loyal  siibjecu  of  our  dread  aovereiga 
Eking  Jambs,  by  the  grace  of  God,  kingofGreat-Britainy 
I  France  and  Ireland,  and  defender  of  the  faith,  kc  hav- 
ling  undertaken  for  tbe  glory  of  God,  advancement  of  the 
christian  faith,  and  the  honour  of  jour  king  and  country* 
'  a  voyage  to  plant  the  first  colony  in  the  northern  parta  of 
America,  do  by  these  presents  solemnly  and  mutually» 
j:i  the  presence  of  God,  and  one  another,  covenant  and 
combine  ourselves  together  into  a  civil  body  politic,  for 
our  own  convenience  and   the  preservation  and  support 
j  of  the  ends  aforesaid  i-.and  by  virtue  hereof,  do  enact, 
constitute  and  frame  such  just  and  equal  laws,  ordinan- 
ce»,  acts,  constitution  and  officers,  from  time  to  time, 
aa  shall  be   thought  most  meet  and  convenient, for  the 
general  good  of  the  colony— unto  which  we  promise  alf 
I  due  submission  and  obedience— In  witness  whereof  we 
i  have  hereunto  subscribed  our  nanfes,  at  New*Plyroouth, 
on  the  10th  day  of  December,  A.  D.  1620." 


John  Caivcr, 
William  Bradford, 
Edward  Winslow, 
William  Brewster, 
Isaac  Alierton, 
Miles  Standish, 
Joseph  Fletcher, 
John  Gpodman, 
Samuel  Fuller, 
Christopher  Martin, 
William  White, 
Richard  Warren, 
John  Howland, 
Stephen  Hopkins, 
Didgery  Priest, 
Thomas  Williams, 
'Gilbert  Winslow, 
:]^mund  Morgeson, 
Feler  Brown, 


John  Alden, 
John  Turner, 
Francis  Eaton, 
James  Chiltori, 
John  Craxton, 
John  Billiogton, 
Richard  BUieridge, 
Geori^  Soul#, 
Edward  Tillcy, 
John  Tilley, 
Thomas  Rogers, 
Thomas  Tinker, 
John  Ridgdale, 
Edward  Ftiller, 
Richard  Clarke, 
Richard  Gardiner, 
John  Alierton, 
Thomas  English, 
Euward  Lie«ter, 


rl' 


1  lie  company  next  proceeded  by  ballot  totj^tti^ 


t 

On  the  I9ih  December,  Mrs.  Susahnah  Wbit«  ih. 
W.feofW.LL.AM  WHiT«,wa.ddiverecl  of  ^srwh  ch 
wa.  «Ae>,,  6arn  oj  the  En^UsH  in  J^c^EnLlJ' 

•  .econd  exploring  pariy  by  wter.  to  make  if  poLblc 
further  d..co.eries^.he  persons  selected  ior  thi  pur^^ 
w.re  Governor  Cakt.k,  Messrs.  B»A.roan.  wLL] 

r^^.Tc  T*  '^'""'''''  "°'"''«'  '^'""o>' 

embarked  at  10  A.  M.  wuh  a  view  of  circumn.viga.ing 
he  deep  bay  of  Cape  Cod.^On  the  morning  of  the  2Sd 
U.ey  discovered  a  large  party  of  the  native's   onshore, 
irt^a  were  employed  in  cutting  up  a  fish  resembling  a 
Krampus,  by  order  of  Governor  CAar.H.  the  EngiL 
made  immediately  for  the  shore,  but  were  no  sooner  dis- 
covered by  the  Indian.,  than  they,  with  a  yell  peculiar  to 
Mvages,  deserted  their  fish  and.  fled  with  precipitancy  !- 
Ihe   Englr.h  landed  and   took . possession   of  the  fish, 
wfi^ch.  having  enkindled  .  fire,  they  cooked  and  found 
«obe  excellent  food  j^they  concluded  to  continue  en. 
camped  here  through  the  night,  and  while  employed  U 
few  rods  from  their  boat  in  which  their  amfi  were  depoi- 
lUJcl)  in  erecting  a  temporary  dwelling  for  the  purpose, 
hey  wer.  suddenly  attacked  by  a  large  party  of  the  na- 
lives,  who  discharged  a  shower  of  arrows  among  them  I 
—the  tnglrsh,  nearly  panic  struck  at  so  sudden  and  un- 
expected an  onset,  irere  on  the  eve  of  retreating  to  their 
boat,  when  they  were  reminded  by  their  Governor  U 
brave  and  experienced  man)  of  the  importance  of  facing 
the  enemy,  and  maintaining  their  ground,  as  a  precipi! 
««c  fl.ghc  Wight  prove  their  total   destruction^in  tJie  ■ 
mtwumc  two  or  three  of  the  dompany  were  dispatched  | 


—19— 

for  their  arms,  which  having  obtained,  the  whole   were 
ordered  to  form  a  cloae  body  and  proceed  with  moder»i# 
pace  fer  the  boat,  and  if  hard  pushed  by  the  native*,  to 
face  about  and  give  them  the  contents  of  their  musaett : 
—the  Indians  perceiving  the   English  retiring,  rushed 
from  their  strong  coverts,  and  were   on  the  point  of  at- 
tacking them  in  the  rear  with  clubs,  hatchets,  stones,  &c. 
when  they  received  the  fire  of  the  latter,  which  brought 
three  or  four  of  them  to  the  ground— the  Indiana  halttd, 
viewed  for  a  few  moments  with   marks  of  astonishment 
and  surpriae,  their  wounded  brethren,  and  then  with  one 
general  united  yell  (which   probably  might  have  been 
heard  at  the  distance  of  three  milea)  fled  in  every  direc- 
tion !— this  was  the  first  engagement  betvieen,  the  English 
mdnotnes  in  New  England,  and  probably  the  first  timt 
thMt  the  latter  had  ever  heard  the  report  of  a  musket  I 

The  English  embarked  and  returned  immediately  to 
New  Plymouth,  having  been  abstnt  four  daya  without 
making  any  important  diaddfaHet.  The  company  dca- 
pairing  oi  making  any  further  discovery  of  importanca 
during  the  winter,  concluded  HtoniiQain  at  their  winter 
quarters  until  the  spring  ensuhig^:  ThsC  Winter  proved 
an  uncommonly  tedious  one,  durii^  '\|if|iff«l|i  ^  great  pro- 
portion of  the  company  sickened  and^iinidJ^^lMJ^tom- 
ed  to  hardship,  and  deprived  of  many  of  the^^ii^jries 
of  life,  they  fell  viciimstothe  inclemency  oi  the  season} 
—being  thus  reduced  to  a  very  small  number,  they  would 
have  fallen  an  easy  prey  to  the  savages,  had  the  latter 
(relying  on  the  superiority  of  their  strength)  attacked 
them— but  the  natives  having  by  bitter  experieotc  learii- 
ed  the  effects  of  their  fire-arms,  although  they  weredailf 
aeen  by  the  English  at  a  distance,  not  one  of  thetti^  could 
be  prevailed  upon  to  approach  them  within  gup  alktlV  un- 
til about  the  30th  March,  1631,  when  tp  their  grea|;:liiir- 


■  *««1«M««       ««»1* 


|;i'i3IC  «SIS  ■KUUiAU   WHtUb  u\ti\ttj.    »|r  \.v     «sxvss£- 


IM 


^so^ 


,•«  <;N.p..k  ,h,i,  ,.Jg„     '  «•*.  »«d  »f  .bom  k.  ,,^! 

'nw  Indian  proveari.r.r  .J    • 
|«  •upp„in,  l:^^l:^^^^  eo  the  eo«p.„. 


r-'—i  «c  laid  the  land  whi/.k  .u     •       ^"'^'  ••chem,  to 
f'tadlr  Msur.Bc..,  »,  ,|,.  1.  r  n    "'  ?«•«■«•  «n4 

»"*  lo  fumirt  ,h.  former  »i,hT'  ""  ""' "» '•'•« 
im  «ri<b--,o  »bioh  ,e,Z  hl!fc     «'™""*«™  wilUng  to 

f^-%ui'i.x'?tifr  •  '*"'  ^"'  -  '<• 

«on..r.  s«r,i«d  him  but  X     '?■"'•''''  "''  '»»"« 
ff-np-ny  made  choice  of  Mr  w.  '"  ^"B""  "•• 

fill  ihe vacancy  occasion 'dh-..^"**  »»*»»<'»».  to 

*«»  "■emo.h.rcorr  ,;:,°T'  1"  ""  «""e'«l'» 

'  adreniurer.  i,„ded  at  New.Pi.. 

-  -J— 


«-»l^ 


»  Md    WU    Z. 

Will  Who  can^ 
homht  ijBim- 

*h«  company 
^•'ntJng  them 
•nd  strengtl^ 
•^  sachenii  to 
^  belong^ ..« 
Prescnu  anci 
returned  tc- 
^«T)  and  a 
rlish  ga?e  a 
■nr  trittketi 
■Wiih  Mas- 
I  the  dajr  fol- 
En8»»h  and 
•at  the  latter 
d  to  receive 
9  willing  to 
inued  over 

'•"  cam  ill 
Qovernor 
aented   by 
by   whom 
^is  loving 
iguM  the 

?0RO,    to 

>  rapidly 
Digration 
-ars  from 
rew.Piw- 


fiumth,  there  wereteven  considerable  towns  bQtlt  and  let* 
|Ied  in  Maisachusetts  and  Plymouth  colonlei. 

In  the  summer  of  lOSTf  Mr.  Emdicot,  one  of  the 
priginal  planters,  wat  tent  over  to  bt|^n  a  plantation  at 
Naumkeag,  (now  Salem)— the  June  following  about  SOO 
persons,  furnished  with  four  ministers,  came  over  and 
joined  Mr.  Enwcot's  colony  t  and  the  next  year  they 
formed  themselves  into  a  rpgulir  church.    This  was  the 
^rst  church  gathered  hi  Massachusetts,  and  the  second 
in  New-England;    The  church  at  Plymouth  Had  been 
gathered  eight  years  before/    In  1639,  a  large  embarka- 
ation  waa  projected  by  the  company  In  England ;  at  the 
request  of  a  number  of  respectable  gentlemen,  m*>st  of 
whom  afterwards  came  over  lo  New-England,  the  gcnei 
ral  consent  of  the  company  wm  obtained,  that  the  govern- 
ment should  be  transferred  and  settled  in  Massachusetts; 
In  1630,  seventeen  ships  from  different  ports  in  Ei»g- 
land  arrived  in  Massachusetts,  with  more  than  1500  pas- 
pengers,  among  whom  were  many  persons  of  distinction. 
Incredible  were  the  hardships  they  endured— reduced  to, 
a  scanty  pittance  of  provisions,  and  that  of  a  kind  to 
which  they  had  not  been  accustomed,  and  destitute  of 
necessary  accommodations,  numbers  sickened  and  died  ; 
so  that,  before  the  end  Of  the  ye«T,  they  lost  300  of  their 
number.     About  this  time  settlements  were  made  at 
Charlestown,  Boston,  Dorchester,  Cambridge,  Roxbury, 

and  Medford. 

In  the  year  163«  and  1633,  great  additions  were  made 
to  the  colony.  Such  was  the  rage  for  emigration  to 
New-England,  that  the  king  wd  council  thought  fit  to 
issue  an  order,  February  7,  1633,  to  prevent  it.  The 
order  however,  was  not  strictly  obeyed*  (^_ 

In  1635,  the  foundation  of  a  new  ^ob»y  w»i  laid  in 
Connecticut,  adjoining  the  river  w^^^  Wl««  ^^^"Sj 
the  aiate  :  of  this  tiver  and  the  counlfg|Sil^  M>ro 


**».  •«¥»  Lord  hm^. 
•-■'"..  ftott.     "'  ,""  *'P«.^  f.w.' d',;;  *"' 


z' 


THERE  iraa  .  ,  .T'*^ 


'*•"•'«»  which 
'  <fcii  fort,  t« 

»ff  »how  who 
» inbabiuntc, 

■Cod,  Qoir 

Pror|dencc, 
'  'he  course 

"*^'  which 
S  »Pith  the 
he  place  of 

c  acquired 
T  »t  firai 

the  new 
ueot  eg. 

'ncr  was 

nunifeijt 


■*, 


»bi(ed 
(h  to 
!rce, 
•  o^ 

niiy 


birny.^Tn  J^tm  1«S4.  th.,  trtacherou.ly  ««,    rtd  . 

the  habit  of  visiting  them  occasionally  to  trade.-.ln  Au- 
gust U35,  they  inhumanly  murdered  a  Mr.  Wi.k, 
•nd  his  whole  family,  consisting  of  a  wife  and  six  chil. 
dren,  and  soon  after  mim'crcd  the  wife  and  children  of  . 

Z'r  :kTi!^V'  "'''*"«  '•*''  "•"fo'd.-rindii.g,  bow. 
InulT^  J  '''»P'">voked  acts  of  barbarity,  thty  h.d 

enkindled  tl,e  re.entmcu  of  the  English  (who,  arouaed 

.ILTil"  :^:"^^'*  ^"e  making  preparation  to 
exterminate  this  cruel   tribe)   the  Pequots  detpatcbed 
messengers  with  gifts  to  the  governour  of  the  nay  colo, 
nies    (the  Hon.  Josiah  WiirsLow)^he  being  Ifewefer 
inflexible  in  hia  determination  to  revenge  the  deaths  of 
fill  friends,  dismissed  these  messengers  without  an  an- 
•wer.-^The  Pequots  finding  the  English  resolute  and 
determined,  and   fearing  (he  consequence  of  their  re- 
•entmeni,  the  second  time  despatched  measengert  with 
»  large  quantity  of  wm/ntm  (Indian  money)  a»  a  present 
to  the  governor  and  council;  with  whom  the  latter  bad 
a  considerable  conference,  and  at  length  concluded  • 
peace  on  the  following  termi  I—  « 

ARTICLES; 
I.    The  Pequoti  shall  deliver  up  to  the  English  lho3^ 
of  their  tribe  that  are  guilty  of  the  deaths  of  iheir  cowt- 
trymen*  »., . 

n.    The  Pequots  .^all  relinquish  to  the  English  «| 
w    •  right  fcuJ  title  to  the  lands  lying  within  the  colon*    ' 
of  Connecticut.  ;;^ , .  ■  ■. 

III.    The  English,  if  disposed  to  trade  with  the  pJ't 
Viota,  ahail  be  treated  as  friends.  ,        |:^    '■ 

To  these  articles  the  Pequots  readily  agreed  and  ptk 
auaed  faithfully  to  adhere,  and  nt  the  same  timc«acpS 
«d  a  desire  to  make  peace  r.iih  the  Narragaaset  ]^  -^^^ 
^Ib  whom  they  were  then  at  war.  f. 


■>i 


3i-*^^ 


— ^.;-v 


■«-'i* 


.*,-•■  ^  - 


—94^  ^ 

^ton  after  the  conclusion  of  peace  with  the  it^equoisi 
the  English,  to  put  their  fair  promises  to  the  test,  sent  a 
small  boat  into  the  river,  on  the  borders  of  vrhich  thejr 
resided,  with  the  pretence  of  trade ;  but  so  great  was 
the  treachery  of  the  nativest  that  after  succeeding  by 
fair  promises  in  enticing  the  crew  of  said  boat  on  shorcj 
they  were  by  them  inhumanly  murdered. 

The  Pequots  despairing  of  again  deceiving  the  Eng- 
liiih  in  the  manner  thpy  had  late  done,  now  threw  off 
the  mask  of  friendship,  and  ayowing  themselves  the  na- 
tural ene%ies  of  the  English,  commenced  open  hostilities 
against  them,  barbarously  murdering   all  that  were   so 
unfortunate  as  to  fall  into  their  hands.— -A  few  families 
were  at  this  time  settled  at  or  near  Weathersfield  (Con.) 
the  whole  of  whom  were  carried  away  captives  by  them;  ' 
two  girls,  the  daughters  of  a  Mr.  Guboks,  of  Hartford, 
were  in  the  most  brutal  manner  put  to  death  ;  after  gash- 
ing their  fle»h  with  their  knives,  the  Indians  filled  their  . 
wounds  with  hot  embers,  in  the  mean  time  mimicking  ^ 
their  dying  groans. 

The  Pequots,  encouraged  by  the  trifling  resistance 
made  by  the  English  to  their  wanton  acts  of  barbarity, 
on  the  20th  June,  1636,  besieged  fort  Saybrook,  in  which 
there  were  about  twenty  men  stationed  ;  the  Indians  were 
to  the  number  of  about  one  hundred  and  fifty,  they  sur* 
rounded  and  furiously  attacked  the  fort  at  midnight,  hor^ 
ribly  yelling  and  mimicking  the  dying  groans  of  such 
as  had  had  fallen  victims  to  their  barbarity  :  but  the  Eng- 
lish being  fortunately  provided  with  a  piece  of  cannon 
or  twot  caused  their  savage  enemies  to  groan  in  reality* 
who  after  receiving  two  or  three  deadly  fires  from  the 
besieged,  retreated,  leaving  behind  them  dead  or  mortal* 
ly  wounded  about  twenty  of  their  number ;  the  English 
wstained  no  loss  in  the  attack. 
The  Governor  and  Council  of  Massachuietts  cokmfi 


I 


...ikii. 


'iti^ 


.  iJarWed  at  the  bold  and  daring^  conddct  of  the  Pecjaott^ 
on  the  30th  August  dispatched  Capt.  Endicot,  of  Salcin^ 
with  ninety  men,  to  avenge  the  murders  committed  bf 
them,  unless  they  should  content  to  deliver  up  the  mur- 
derers, and  make  reparation  for  the  injuries  which  the 
English  had  sustained.  Capt.  Endicot  was  directed  to 
proceed  first  to  Block  Island  (then  inhabited  by  the  Pe- 
quots)  put  the  men  to  the  sword  and  take  possession  of 
the  island— the  women  and  children  were  to  be  spared-^ 
thence  he  was  to  praceed  to  the  Pequot  country,  demand 
the  murderers  of  the  English,  a  thousand  fathom  of 
Wampum,  and  a  number  of  their  children  as  hostages. 

Capt.  Enoicot  sailed  from  Boston  on  the  morning  of 
the  30th,  when  he  arrived  at  Block- Island,  about  sixty 
Indians  appeared  on  the  shore  and  opposed  his  landing  : 
his  men  soon  however  effected  a  landing  and  alter  a  little 
skirmishing  drove  the  Indians  into  the  woods,  where 
.they  could  not  be  found.  The  English  continued  two 
days  on  the  island,  in  which  time  they  destroyed  100 
wigwarms  and  about  50  canoes,  when  they  pi^ceeded 
for  the  Pequot  country. — When  they  arrived  in  Pequot 
harbour,  Capt.  Ekdigot  acquainted  the  enemy  with  hia . 
designs  and  determination  to  avenge  the  cruelties  prac- 
ticed upon  his  countrymen<^in  a  few  moments  nearly 
AOO  of  the  enemy  collected  upon  the  shores,  but  as  soon 
as  they  were  made  acquainted  with  the  hostile  views  of 
the  English,  they  hastily  withdrew,  and  secreted  them- 
selves in  swamps  and  ledges,  inaccessible  to  the  troops  ; 
—Capt.  Ekdicot  landed  his  men  on  both  sides  the  har- 
bour^ burnt  their  Wigwarms  and  destroyed  their  canoes^ 
killed  an  Indian  or  two,  and  t^ien  returned  to  'Boston  !•— 
Enough  indeed  bad  been  done  to  exasperate  tmt'  nothing 
4o  subdue  a  haughty  and  warMke  enemy. 

Sassacus  (chief  sachem  of  the  Pequots)  and' his  cap- 

tAina.    txri>iv  mnn    nf  vrPfat   anri    itulttntinAfnt  ttT%t>ttii   •  (Iistr 


D 


•5>  ^ 


1 


—Sd— 

Iwd  conqaered  and  g.verned  the  nations  around  IheM 
without  controul-thry  viewed  the  English  as  strangers 
and  mere  intruders,  who  had  no  right  to  the  country, 
nor  tocontroul  its  original  proprietors,  independent  prin- 
cts  and  aovereigna-they  had  made  settlements  at  Con- 
necticut without  their  consent,  and  brought  home  the 
Indian  kings  whom  they  had  conquered,  and  restored  to 
them  their  authority  and  lands-ihey  had  built  a  fort, 
and  were  making  a  settlement   without  their  approbation 
in  their  very  neighborhood^indeed   they  had  now   pro- 
ceeded to  attack  and  ravage  the  country  ;— the   Pcquot* 
m  consequence  breathed  nothing  but  war  and  revenge  ; 
they  were  determined  to  extirpate  or  drive  all  the  Eng! 
liah  from  Ncw-England.     For  this  purpose  they  conceiv- 
ed   the  plan   of  uniting   the   Indians   generally    against 
them  ;  they  spared  no  art  nor  pains  to  make  peace   with 
the  Narragansets,  and   to  engage   them   in  the   war  a- 
gainst  the  English  :  to  whom  they   represented   that  the 
English,  who  were  merely  foreigners,  were  overspread- 
ing the  country,  and   depriving   the  original  inhabitants 
oi  their  ancient  rights  and   possessions  ;   that  unless  cf- 
iectual  measures  were  immediately   taken  to   prevent  it, 
they  would  soon  entirely  dispossess  the  original  proprie- 
tors and  become  the  lords  of  the  continent  j  they  insist- 
ed that  by  a  general  combination  they   could   either  de- 
stroy or  drive  them  from   the  country,  that  there  would 
be  no  necessity  of  coming  to  open  battles,  that   by  kil- 
ling their  cattle,  firing  their  houses,  laying  ambushes  on 
the  roads,   in  the    tiekis,  and   vrheiever  they   could  sur- 
prise  and  destroy    ihem,  they   might  accomplish    their 
wishes ;— they  represented  that  if  the  English  should  ef- 
fect the  destruc'ion  of  the  Pcquots,  they  would  also  sooa 
destroy    the    Narragansets.     So  just   and    politic    were 
these  representations,  that  nothing  but  that  thirst  for  re- 
▼euge,  which  inflamea  the  savage  heart,  could  have  in* 


•  ■*- 


«i«|«d  their  influence,  indeed  it  is  said  that  for  some  time 
the  Narragansets  hesitated. 

The  governor  of  ihe  colonies,  to  prevent  an  union  be- 
twcpn  ihesc  aavage  nations,  and  to  strengthen  the  peace 
between  the  Narraganset  Indiana  and   the   colonies,  dis- 
patched a  messenger  lo  inwie  Miantinomi,   iheir   chief 
sachena,  to  Boston.— The  invitation  was  accepted  by  Mi- 
antinomi, and  while  at  Boston,  with  the  Governor  and 
Council  entered  into   a  treaty,  the  substance  of  which 
was  as  follows,  (viz.)— That  there  should  be  a  firm  peace 
maintained  between  the  English   and  Narragansets,  and 
tlieir  posterity  —That  neither  party  should   make  peace 
with  the  Pequofs  without  its  being  first  mutually  assent- 
ed to  :— '1  ba^  the  Narragansets  should  not   harbour  the 
enemies  of  the  English,  but  deliver  up  to  them  such   fu- 
gitives as  should   resort  to  them  for  safety  ;— The  Eng- 
lish were  to  give  thenj  notice  when  they  went  out  against 
the   Pequots,    and  the  Narragansets    were  to  furnish 
guides. 

In  February  1637,  the  English  in  Connecticut  colony, 
represented  to  the  Governor  and  Council  their  desire  to 
prosecute  more  efi"ectually  the  war  with  the  Pequots,  who 
yet  continued  to  exercise  toward   them  the  roost  wanton 
acts  oi?  barbarity.— They  represented  that  on   the    10th 
January,  a  boat  containing  three  of  their  countrymen  was 
attacked  by  the  enemy  as   it  was  proceeding  down   th<; 
river ;   that  the  English  for  some  time  bravely  defended 
themselves,  but  were  at  length  overpowered  by  numbers  ; 
that  the  Indians,  when  they  had  succeeded  in  capturing 
the  boat's  crew,  ripped  them  up  from  the  bottom  of  their, 
bellies  to  their  throats,   and  in   like  manner  split  ihenk 
down  their  backs,  and  thus  mangled   hung   them   upo^^u 
trees  by  the  river  side  '—they  reprcbcnicd  that  the  alfiiirs  ' 
of  Connecticut  colony  at  this  moment  wore  a  most  gloomy  t 
aspect— that  they  had  sustaiued  great  losses  in  catr!^  ^^ 


•**«.-i 


'I 


:p. 


isl- 
and goods  ihe  preceding  years  but  were  iHll  more  unfor- 
tunate the  present ;  that  a  most  dreadful  and  insidioui 
enemy  were  now  seeking  opportunity  to  destroy  them-^ 
ihaijfiicy  could  neither  hunt,  fish  or  cultivate  their  fields* 
nor  travel  at  home  or  abroad  but  at  the  peril  of  their  livet 
->tbat  they  were  obliged  to  keep  a  constant  watch  by 
night  and  day,  to  go  armed  to  their  daily  labours  and  to 
the  houses  of  public  worship  !— and  although  desirous  to 
prosecute  the  war  more  eifectually  with  the  common 
enemy,  they  were  not  in  a  situation  to  do  it,  and  there- 
fore humbly  prayed  for  assistance. 

The  report  of  the  horrid  and  unprovoked  cruelties  of 
the  Pe<iuois,  practised  upon  the  defenceless  inhabitanta 
of  Connecticut  colony,  roused  the  other  colonies  to  har- 
inonious  an^  spirited  exertionit  against  them—Massachu- 
aetts  determined  to  send  200  and  Plymouth  40  men  to 
assist  their  unfor^tunate  brethren  in  prosecuting  the  war. 
— Capt.  pATRica:  with  40  men  was  sent  forward  before 
the  other  troops,  in  order  that  he  might  be  enabled  sea- 
aonably  to  form  a  junction  with  the  troops  in  Connecti- 
cut, who,  notwithstanding  their  weak  and  distressed  stst$ 
had  engaged  to  furnish  90  men* 

On  Wednesday  the  10th  May,  the  Connecticut  troopa 
proceeded  for  their  fort  at  Saybrook ;  they  consisted  of 
90  Englishmen  and  70  Mohegan  and  river  Indians— th6 
latter  commanded  by  Uncus,  sachem  of  the  Mohegans, 
and  the  former  by  Capt.  John  Mason,  who  was  accom- 
psnied  by  the  ReVi  Mr.  Stone,  of  Hartford,  as  chaplain. 
The  Mohegms  being  detached  from  the  English,  on  their 
way  to  Saybrook,  fell  in  with  a  considerable  body  of  the 
enemy,  whom  they  attacked  and  defeated,  they  killed  |3 
and  took  18  of  them  prisoners.  ' 

Among  the  prisoners  there  was  one  who  was  recog" 
nized  as  a  perfidious  viilian  ;  he  had  lived  in  the  fort  with 
the  EncriJs»h  some  lime  before  and  well  understood  thel-r 


— M— 


Itngotge ;  he  remiinei)  attached  to  their  interest  unffi 
the  coramencement  of  hostilities  with  the  PequotSi  when 
be  deserted  the  garrison  and  joined  the  enemy,  whom  he 
serred  as  guide,  and  through  whose  mstiRation  many  of 
the  English  had  been  captured  and  put  to  dcath.-*-UKcus 
and  his  men  insisted  upon  executing  him  according  to 
the  custom  of  their  ancestors,  and  the  English,  in  the 
circumstances  in  which  they  then  were,  did  not  judge  it 
prudent  to  interfere — the  Indians  enkindled  a  6re,  near 
which  they  con5ned  the  pr^oner  to  a  stake,  in  which  sit- 
uation be  remained  until  his  skin  became  parched  with 
the  heat ;  the  Mohegans  then  violently  tore  him  limb 
from  limb,  barbarously  cutting  hi^  flesh  m  pieces,  they 
handed  it  round  from  one  to  another,  eating  it,  while 
they  sung  and  danced  round  the  fire  in  a  manner  pecn- 
liar  to  savages  !  the  bones  and  such  parts  of  the  unfortu- 
nate captive  as  were  not  consumed  in  this  dreadful  re« 
past,  were  committed  to  the  flames  and  consumed  to 
ashes: 

On  the  16th,Capt.  Mason  and  his  men  proceeded  for 
Narraganset  bay,  at  which  place  Ihey  safely  arrived  on 
the  31st.-- Cupt.  Masok  marched  immediately  to  the 
plantation  of  CANOvicus<a  Narraganset  sachem)  and  ac- 
quainted him  with  his  designs,  and  immediately  after  des- 
patched  a  messenger  to  Miamtinomi,  to  inform  him 
likewise  of  the  expedition.  The  next  day  Miaktinomi 
with  his  chief  counsellors  and  warriors  met  the  English 
— Capt.  Mason  informed  him  that  the  cause  of  his  enter- 
ing his  country  with  an  Armed  force  was  to  avenge  (he 
injuries  jvhich  the  Pequots  hac!  done  the  English,  and 
desired  a  free  passage  to  their  forts,  which  they  intended 
to  attack ;— after  a  solemn  consultationj  In  the  Indian 
manier,  Miantinoui  observed^  that  *•  he  highly  approv- 
ed of  the  expedition,  and  would  send  men  to  assis'.  the 
English,  but  that  they  were  too  few  in  number  to  fight 


r-SO— 

the  enemy^that  the  Pcquots  were  great  warrior.  «»d 
rather  ahf^hted  ihe  English/' 

Capt.  Mason  knded  his  men  and  marched  to  the  plan- 
tation  of  MiANTiKoMi,  which,  by  previous  agreeiient, 
was  to  bt  the  place  of  general  rendeavout-in  the  even- 
ing an  Indian  runner  arrived  with  information  that  Capt, 
PATnicK,  with  the  men  under  his  command,  had  arrived 
•t  the  plantation  of  Roger  Williams,   in  Providence, 
and  was  desirous  that  Capt.  Mason  should  postpone  his 
inarch  until  such  time  as  he  could  join  him ;  Capt.  Ma. 
SON  after  mature  deliberation  determined  however  not  to 
wait  his  arrival,  although  a  junction  was  considered  im- 
portant ;  his  men  had  already  been  detained  much  longer 
than  was  agreeable  to  their  wishes,   and  the  Mohegan. 
apparently  were  impatient  for  battle.    The  little  army 
therefor?  (consisting  of  90  Englishmen,  60  Mohegans  and 
mer  Indians  and  about  200  Narrag.nsets)  commenced 
their  march  on  the  34th,  and  in  the  evening  of  that  day 
reached  Nihantick,  which  bounded  on  the  country  of  the 
Pequots-Nihantick  was  the  seat  of  a  Narraganset  Sa- 
chem, who  seemed  displeased  with  the   expedition,  and 
would  not  suffer  the  English  to  enter  his  fort-Capt.  Ma- 
WK,  suspecting  the  treachery  of  this  fellow,  placed  a  sen- 
tmcl  at  night  at  the  entrance  of  ihe  fort,  determined  that 
as  he  could  not  be  permitted  to  enter,  no  one  shonld  come 
out  to  advise  the  enemy  of  his  approach. 

On  the  morning  of  the  S5ih,  Capt.  Mason  was  joined 
by  an  additional  number  of  the  Narragansets  and  a  few 
of  the  Nihanticks-they  formed  a  circle,  and  brandishing 
iheir  scalpiag  knives,  made  protestations  how  gallantly 
they  would  fight  and  what  numbers  they  would  kill !  8cc. 
--Capt.  Mason  had  now  under  his  command  near  500 
Indians,  in  addition  to  his  former  force,  with  whom  he 
early  reassumed  his  march  for  the  head-quarters  of  the 
encroy--the  day  proved  uncommonly  warm,  and  the  mea 


through  excessiTe  heat  eno  want  of  provl.ion,  were  onlf 
enabled  by  night  to  reach  Paucatuck  river  ;  nher.  the 
Narragansets  began  to  manifest  great  fear  and  enquire 
of  Capt.  Mason  his  real  designs-he  assured  them  that 
*  .t  was  to  attack  the  Pequots  in  their  fort  1"  at  which 
they  appeared  greatly  surprised,  and  exhibited  a  disposi- 
tion to  quit  the  English  and  return  home. 

Wfc^uash,  a  Pcquot  Sachem,  ubo  had  revolted  from 

proved  faithful ,  he   gave  such   information   respecting 

he  dmance  of  the  forts  of  the  enemy  from  e.ch'o.he^ 

•nd  the  distance  they  were  then  from  ihat   of  the  chief 

tick  the,,  tcr,  which  his  guide  represented  a.  situated  at 
he  head  of  Mist.c  river^he  found  his  „,en  so  much  fa- 
tigued  m  marching  through  a  pathJes.  wilderness,  wi  h 
their  prov.s.on  arms  and  ammunition,  that  this  resolution 
appeared  to  be  absolutely  necessary.  The  little  army 
accordm^y  on  the  morning  of  the  .a^h,  proceeded  d'eTt' 

wX  WW  r    *'  '"'^"^   rundown  penetrated  a  thick 
•wanjp,  where  (imagining  that  they  could  not  be  far  rii. 

ock   ' 'rituTed"  T   '"°^"  ''  ''^  "-«  °^'*^--" 
rocks,     situated  in  Groton^the  sentinels,  who  were  con 

..derably  advanced  in  front  of  the  main  body  ofTl'C 
l»»h,   distinctly  heard    the  en».n.ir  »:«  •  ^ 

through  the  nfght  at  their  fort"'"?   '"'   '^"^'"^^ 

The  important  day  was   now  approachinip  when  th. 

▼cry  existence  of  Cowmecticut   waa  t„  k     > -  * 

their  cause  to  ,?:  a"  ^^'^'^^^^'^^^  tMip^hts  and 

*^""*«  »o  'he  Almichtt,  proceeded  hN^-  ' 
We  despatch  for  ih.  -«- /     ^"^^TWf 

.,    'i.wvsMjr  s    lOfi  i«-W|^3 


,■ 


— SSI- 
rods  of  the  fort,  Capt.  Mason  sent  for  Uncus  and  Wi"  « 
QUASH,  and  desired  them  in  their  Indian  manner  to  har- 
rangue  and  prepare  their  men  for  combat ;  thejr  replied 
that  «« their  men   were  much  afraid,  and  could  not  be 
prevailed  upon  to  advance  any  farther  l"— "  Go  then  (said 
Capt.  Mason)  and  request  them  not  to  retire,  but  to  sur- 
round the  fort  at  any  distance  they  please,  and  see  what 
courage  Englishmen  can   dicplay  !"— The  day  was  now 
dawning,  and  no  time  to  be  lost,  the  fort  was    soon  ip, 
view— ihe  soldiers  pressed  forward,  animated  with  the 
Tcfleciion  that  it  was  not  for  themselves  alone  they  were 
aboui  to  fight,  but  for  their  parents,  wives,  children  and 
counirymen  !— as  they  approached  the  fort  within  a  short 
distace,  they  were  discovered  by  a  Pequot  sentinel,  who 
roared    out   '^  Owanux  I"    "  Owanux  !"    (Englishmen  ! 
Englishmen  I)— the  troops  pressed  on  and  as  the  Indians 
were  rallying  poured  in  upon  them  the  contents  of  their 
muskets,  and  instanly  hastening  to  the  principal  entrance 
of  the  fort,  rushed  m  sword  in  hand  ! — an  important  mo* 
ment  this  !  for  not\*iihstanding  the  blase  and  thunder  of 
the  arms  of  the  English,  the  Pequots  made  a  manly  and 
desperate  resistance ;  sheltered  by  their  wigwarms,  and 
rallied  by  their  sachems  and  squaws,  they  defended  ihera-. 
■elves  and  in  some  instances  attacked  the  English  with  a 
resolution  that  would  have  done  honour  to  Romans  !— 
after  a  bloody  and  desperate  conflict   of  near  two  hours 
continuance,  in  which  hundreds  of  the  Indians  were  slain, 
and  many  of  the  English   killed  and   wounded,   victory 
still  hung  in  suspence  I—in  this  critical  state  of  the   ac- 
tion, Capt.  Mason  had  recourse  to  a  successful  expedi- 
ent—rushing into  a  wigwarm  within  the  fort,  he  seized  a 
brand  of  fire,  and  in  the  mean  time  crying  out  to  his 
men   "we  must   bum  them  J'*   communicaied  it  to  the 
#ats  with  which  the  wigwarms  were  covered,  by  which 

meariK  the  vrhnle  fnrt  was  verv  SQun   enwraut  in  flallieS  • 


—93— 


^a<  the  fire  increased  the  English  retired  and  (brmed  il 
Circle  around  the  fort  ;  the  Mohegans  and  Narraganseta 
who  had  remained  idle  spectators  to  the  bloody  conflict, 
now  mustered  courage  sufficient  to  form  another  clrcI6 
in  the  rear  of  them  ;->the  enemy  were  now  in  a  deplo- 
rable situation*— death  inevitably  was  their  portion  !«-8aI- 
lying  forth  from  their  burning  cells,  they  were  shot  or 
cut  in  pieces  by  the  English — many  of  them  (perceiviri|» 
it  impossible  to  escape  the  vigilance  of  the  troops)  threw 
themselves  voluntarily  into  the  flames  I 

The  violence  of  the  flames-— the  reflection  of  the  light 
^— the  clashing  and  roar  of  arms— the  shrieks  and  "yells 
of  the  savages  in  the  fort,  and  the  shoutings  of  the  friend- 
ly Indians  without,  exhibited  a  grand  and  awful  scene  ! 
in  less  than  two  hours  from  the  commencement  of  the 
bloody  action,  the  English  completed  their  work— eighty 
wigwarms  were  burnt  and  upwards  of  eight  hundred  In- 
dians destroyed  !— parents  and  children,  the  sannup  and 
&quaw,  the  aged  ai)d  the  young,  perished  in  permiscu- 
ous  ruin  !— the  loss  of  the  English  was  comparitivelf 
trifling,  not  exceeding  25  in  killed  and  wounded.    ' 

After  the  termination  of  this  severe  engagement,  as 
the  English  were  proceeding  to  embark  on  board  their 
vessels  (which  fortunately  for  them  at  this  moment  ar- 
rived in  the  harbour)  they  were  attacked  in  the  rear  by 
about  300  of  the  enemy,  who  had  been  dispatched  from 
a  neighboring  fort  to  assist  their  brethrtn—the  English 
gave  them  so  warm  a  reception  that  they  soon  gave  way 
and  fell  back  to  the  field  of  action,  where,  viewing  for  a 
few  moments,  with  apparent  marks  of  horror  and  sur- 
prize, the  shocking  scene  which  it  presented,  they  stamp- 
ed, bellowed,  and  with  savage  rage  tore  their  hair  Ironi 
their  heads  I  and  then,  with  a  hideous  yell,  pursued  the 
English  as  if  with  a  determination  to  avenge  the  death* 
of  their  friends  even  at  the  expcncc  of  their  live»j|iMh«|' 


pursued  th«  English  nearly  six  miles,  sometimes  shoot- 
ing «l  a  distance,  from  behind  rocks  and  tiees,  end  some* 
times  pressing  hard  upon  them  and  hazarding  themselves 
in  open  field-the  English  kiUed  numbers  of  them  but 
sustained  no  loss  on  their  part;  when  a  Pequot  fell,  the 
Mohegans  woiUd  cry  out  '•  run  and  fetch  his  -ad  I  "— 
the  enemy  finding  at^lei^th  that  they  discharged  their 
•rrows  :n  vain,  and  that  ihc  English  appeared  to  be  well 
supplied  with  araunition,  gave  over  ihe  pursuit. 

In  less  Uian  three  weeks   from  the  time  ihe  English 
embarked  ttSaybrook,  they  returned  (with  the  exieption 
of  the  few  killed  and  wounded)  in  safety  to  their  respec- 
tive habitations.— Few  entcrprizes  were  ever  perhaps  at- 
chieved  with  more  personal  bravery  ;  in  few  have  so  great 
•  proportion  of  the   effective  men  of  a  whole  colony, 
ttttc  or  naiion,  been  put  to  so  great  and  immediate  dan- 
ger—in few  have  a  people  been  so   deeply  and  immedi- 
ately Interested,  as  were  the  English  inhabitants  of  Con- 
necticut at  this  important   crisis— in  these  respects  even 
the  great  armaments  and  battles  of  Europe  are  compar- 
atively of  little  importante—and  it  ought  never  to  be  for- 
gotten, that  through  the  bravery  and  unconquerable  reso-  ' 
lution  of  less  than  one  hundred  men,  Connecticut  was 
v-mce  saved,  and  ih*;  most  warlike  and  terrible  tribe  of 
Indians  in  New  England  completely  exterminated. 

The  few  Pequots  that  now  remained  alive  conceiving 
It  unsafe  to  inhabit  longer  a  country  so  exposed  to  inva- 
sion, removed  far  to  the  westward;  among  whom  was 
Sassacus,  their  principal  sachem.— On  the  25ih  June, 
the  Connecticut  troops  under  command  of  capt.  Masom, 
together  with  a  company  from  Massachusett:^,  command- 
ed by  capt.  Stoo©hton,  were  sent  in  pursuit  of  them  ; 
|hey  proceeded  westward,  and  on  the  27th  fell  in  with 
ittacked  and  defeated  a  considerable  body  of  them  :  they 
t©ok  about  SO  of  them  prisoners,  among  whom  w^rV 


iir'itifliiii^iid^ifrfi ' 


— S5^ 


two  Sachemst  wUose  lives  were  offered  them  on  condi- 
tion of  thir  serving  as  guides  to  the  English. 

The  English  on  their  march  frcquentlf  fell  in  with 
•mall  detached  parties  of  the  enemy,  wham  they  capiui- 
ed  or  destroyed,  btit   couid  not   obtain   any   inl'ormutioii 
relative  to   the  main  body    cuminanded    by    Sassacus — 
finding   that  the   two   suchenn  prisoner!*  would  not  give 
them  the  information  required,  they  on  the  Srth  behe-d- 
ed  thfmat  a  place  called    Menunkstuck  (now  Guil§&td) 
from  ^vhich  eircumstanco  the  place  still   bears   the  name 
of  "Sachems'  head."     Th©  English  on  the  30ih,  arriv- 
ed at  Quinnipiak  (now  Ncw-Haven)  where  they  were  in. 
formed  by  a  fricnd'y  Pcquot  that  the-epewy  wire  encamp- 
ed in  a  swamp,  a  few  miles  to  the  westward— the  troopa 
pushed  forw  ird  and  on  the  succeeding  day  arrived  at  the 
boarder  of  said  swamp,  which  they  found  a  thicket  so  ex- 
tremely boggy  aa  to  render  it  inaccessible  to  any  one  but 
the  natives— the  English,  therefore,  thought  it  most  advi. 
sable  to  surround  the  swamp  and  annoy  the  enemy  as  op- 
portunity presented  ;— the  Indians,  alter  a  few  skiiiflish^^  . 
requested  a  parley,  which  bcinj?  granted  them,  Tiwafcfci:;;" 
Stantoh,  (interpreter  to  the  English)  was   sent  to   iretaTC 
^ith  them— he  was  authori2e<;l  to  offirlife  to  such  as  had 
not  shed  the  blood  of  Englishmen  ;  upon  which   the  Sa- 
chera  of  the  place,  together  with  about  300  of  his  tribe 
came  out,  and  producing  satisfactory  proof  of  their  inno- 
cence,  were  permitted  to  retire  ;~bui  the  Pcquots  boldly 
declared  that  "  they  had  both  shed  and  drank  the  blood  of 
Englishmen,  and  would  not  upon  such   terms    accept  of 
life,  but  would  light  it  out  !-The  English,  unwilling  to 
brook  the  threats  and  insuiiing  language  of  the  Pequots, 
attempted  ncnv  to  devise  means  to  attack  the  whole  body 
of  them  without  further  delay  ;  the  officers  were  howevci- 
divided  in  opinion  as  to  the  mode  of  altack-sume-  were 
fbi'  settinor   fire  to  the    sw»mn    ntu^^m 


-SI- 


pTftv  through  with  hatcbeti,  and  others  for  surrourijdinf 
it  with  u  high  fence  or  pallisido ;  neither  of  which  plans 
were  however  fully  adopted— as  night  approached  the 
English  cut   through  a    part  of  the  swamp,  by  which 
Ipitans  jts  circumference  was  much   lessened,  and  they 
enabled  so  completely  to  surround  the  enemy  as  to  pre- 
vent their  escape  during  the  night ;— early  the  ensuing 
morning  the  Indians   perceiving  themselves   completely 
hemmtd  in  by  the  English,'  made  a  violent   attempt  to 
break  through   their  lines  ;  they   were   however   driven 
back  wiih  great  loss—they  next   attempted  to  force   the 
line  formed  by  the  Connecticut  troops,  but  here  they  met 
with  a  much  warmer  reception— the  contest  now  became 
close  and  severe,  the  Indians,  who   were   about   600   in 
number,  appeared  determined  not  to  yield  but  at  the  ex- 
pence  of  their  lives ;   one  of  the  most   resolute  of  them 
walked  boldly  up  to  capt.  Mason,  with  api  uplifted  toma- 
l)Awk,  and  when  about  to  give  the  fatal  stroke,  received 
a  blow  from  the  latier,  who  with  his  cutlass  severed  the 
head  of  the  savage  from  his  body  !— the  enemy  soon  after 
inade  another  attempt  to  break  through  the  lines  of  th^ 
English,  and  in  which,  after  a  violent  struggle,  they  final- 
ly succeeded  ;  about  60  of  their  bravest   warriors  escap. 
led,  the  remainder  being  either  killed  or  taken  prisoners  ; 
—the  loss  of  the   English   was  1 1    killed   and  about  30 
wounded. 

The  prisoners  taken  were  divided  atnong  the  troopSf 
some  of  whom  were  retained  by  them  as  servants  and  the 
remainder  sent  to  the  Wesi  Indies  and  sold  to  the  plan- 
ters—the  prisoners  rtporltd  that  the  whole  tribe  of  Pe- 
'  qunts  was  now  nearly  exterminated  ;  that  in  differeot 
engagements  there  had  been  upwards  of  3000  of  them 
killed  and  about  1000  captured,  among  whom  were  IS 
j&achems,  and  that  six  yet  survived,  one  of  whom  was 
Sabsacus,  who  had  fied  vrith  the  fracrment  of  his  tribe  i& 


»,  *■# 


^hp  eouBtrying  bordering  on  Hudson  riveri  inhabited  bf 
^t  Mohawki/ 

After  the  iwarop  fight  the  Pequois  became  so  weak 
jind  icattered  that  the  Mohegans  and  Narraganseta  dailf 
fdestroyed  themt  end  presented  their  scalps  to  the  Eng- 
lish ;  the  few  that  fled  with  Sassacvs  (o  the  westward) 
were  attacked  and  totally  deatroye'd  by  the  Mohawks— 
the  scalp  of  Sasiacus  was  in  the  ^11  of  I6S8,  presented 
to  the  Governor  and  Council  of  Miasaachusetts. 

Soon  after  the  extermination  of  the  Pequots,  the  Nar- 
raganseta (the  moat  numerous  tribe  in  llew  England)  te- 
|ng  displeased  with  the  small  power  with  which  the/ 
iwere  yestedi  and  the  ref>pect  which  the  English  uniformly 
xnanifested  for  Uncus,  appeared  disposed  to  break  their 
treaty  of  friendship.  Miantinohi,  without  consulting 
the  English  according  to  agreement,  without  proclaiming- 
war,  or  giving  Ukcus  the  least  information,  raised  an  ar- 
my of  1000  men  and  marched  against  him.-.The  spies 
of  Ukcus  discovered  the  army  at  some  distance  and  gave 
him  intelligence-7-he  was  unprepared,  but  rallying  about 
$00  of  his  bravest  men  he  told  them  they  must  by  no 
means  suffer  MiaDtiwomi  to  enter  their  town,  but  most 
go  and  give  him  batile  on  the  way.  The  Mohegans  having 
inarched  three  or%or  miles  met  the  enemy  upon  an  px- 
tensive  plain—when  the  armies  had  advanced  within  fair 
bow  shot  of  each  other.  Uncus  had  recourse  to  stratagem, 
with  which  he  had  previously  acquainted  his  warriors—. 
he  desired  a  parley,  which  being  granted,  both  atmiei 
halted  in  ihe  face  of  each  other;  Uncus  gallantly  ad* 
vancing  in  front  of  his  men  addressed  Miantinomi  to 
thistfftct— "  You  have  a  number  of  stout  men  with  you, 
and  so  have  I  with  me  ;  it  is  a  great  pity  that  so  many 
brave  warriors  should  be  kfJled  in  consequence  cf  a  pri- 
vate misufiderstanding  between  ua  two  !— «oine  Mt*  a 
brave  man,  as  you  profess  to  be,  iBdkt  us  dec  idle  the 


dispn'e, alone,  if  you  kill  me,  my  men  shttlTbe  ydutt  | 
but  if  1  kill  you,  your  men  shall  be  mine  i'*— .«  No  !  (re- 
plied MiANTiNoMi)  my  men  come  lo  fight,  and  they 
shall  fight  I"— upon  which  Ukcus  foiling  instantly  to  the 
ground  his  men  discharged  a  shower  of  arrows  among 
the  Narrag«nset!j,  and  without  a  moment's  interval,  rush- 
ing upon  them  in  the  most  furious  manner,  with  a  hideous 
yell,   put  them  lo  aight— the  Mohegans   pursued  the 
enemy  with  ihe  same  fury  and  eagerness  with  which  they 
commenced  the  action— the  Narragatvseia   were  driven 
down  rocks  and  precipices,  and  chased  like  a  doe  by  the 
huntsmen— many  of  them  to  escape  from  their  pursuers 
plunt,  u   into  a  river  from  rocks  of  neaf  thirty  feel  in 
height— among  others  Miantinomi  was  hard  pushed, 
some  of  the  most  forward  of  the  Mohegans  conjing  up 
with  him,  twirled  him  about  and  impeded  his  flight  that 
Uncus,  their  schem,   might  alone  have   the  honour  of 
taking  him ;— Uncus  (who  was  a  man  of  great  bodily 
strength)  rushing  forward  like  a  lion  greedy  of  his  prey, 
seized  MiAKTiNOMi  by  the  shoulder,  and  giving  the  In- 
dian whoop,  called  up  his  men  who  were  behind  to  bis 
assistance.— The  victory  was  complete— about  50  of  the 
Narragansets  wurc  killed  and  a  much  greater  number 
wounded  and  taken  prisoners ;  among  the  latter  was  a 
brother  «f  Miantiitoui  and  two  of  the  sons  of  Canoni- 
cus,  whom  Uncus  conducted  in  triumph  to  Mohegan. 
Some  few  days   after  Uncus  conducted   Miamtinomi 
back  lo  the  spot  where   he  was  taken,  for  the  purpose  of 
putting  him  to  death;  at  the  instant  they  arrived  on  the 
ground,  an  Indian  (who  w&aordered  to  march  in  the  rear 
for  the  purpose)  sunk  a  hatched  into  his  head,  and  dcs- 
patched  him  at  a  single  stroke  !— he  was  probouly  unac- 
qoajjutd   with  his  fj»te  and  knew  not  by  what  means  he 
Icil— Uncus  cut  out  a  large  piece  of  his  shoulder  which 
— ,.^-,  ,„  „„y„_.^  issuMjpii,  sjcwiarjHg  in  (mC  mess 


-V 


time  that  "  it  was  the  sweetest  meat  he  ever  ate  ;  it  made 
his  heart  strong!"  The  Mobegans  buried  Miantinosii 
at  the  place  of  his  executiooi  and  erected  upon  his  grave 
a  pillar  of  stones^this  ntemorabie  event  gave  the  place 
the  name  of  *'  Sichem's  Plains"— they  are  situated  in 
an  eastern  corner  of  Norwich. 

The  Narragansets  became  now  greatly  enraged  at  the 
death  of  their  sachem,  and  sought  means  to  destroy 
Uncvs,  whose  country,  they  in  small  parties  frequently 
invaded,  and  by  laying  ambushes  cut  ofiF  a  number  of 
his  most  valuable  ^*'arriors.  As  Uncus  was  the  avowed 
friend  of  the  English,  and  had  in  many  instances  signaK^ 
ized  himself  as  such,  they  conceived  it  iheir  duty  to  af* 
ford  him  all  the  protection  possible— they  despatched 
messengers  to  acquaint  the  Narragansets  with  their  de- 
terminaiion,  should  they  continue  to  molest  and  disturb 
the  repose  of  the  Mohegans.^The  messengers'  of  the 
English  met  with  quite  an  unfavorable  reception,  to 
.  whom  one  of  the  Narraganset  sachems  declared  that «'  he 
would  kill  every  Englishman  and  Mohegan  that  came 
within  his  reach  :  that  whoever  began  the  war  be  woul4 
continue  it,  and  that  nothing  should  satisfy  him  but  tb^ 
head  of  Uncvs  !'* 

The  English,  irritated  at  the  provoking  language  of 
the  Narragansets.  now  determined  not  only  to  protect 
Uncus,  but  to  invade  their  country  with  an  army  of  300 
men  ;  first  to  propose  a  peace  on  their  own  terms,  but 
If  rejected  to  attack  and  destroy  them-for  this  purpose 
Massachusctis  was  to  furnish  190  and  Plymouth  and  Con- 
necticut  colonies  55  men  each. 

The  Narragansets  learning  that  an  army  w»a  about  to 
enter  the  heart  of  their  country,  and  fearful  of  the  issue, 
despatched  several  of  their  principal  men  to  sue  for 
peace,  on  such  terms*  as  the  English  should  be  pkasi^ 
to  grant  •'-•The  Governor    and    t\nnw**,:t   ^j.->.-,.j.-i   .i^^ 


!  r-l; 


-^40-: 

they  should  restore  to  Uncus  all  the  captives  and  canoel 
which  they  had  taken  from  hiiHt  and  pledge  themselves: 
io  maintain  perpetual  peace  with  the  English  and  their 
allies,  and  to  the  former  pay  an  annual  tribute  of  2000 
fathom  of  white  wampum  !<^these  indeed  were  hard 
term«,  against  which  the  Narragansets  strongly  remon* 
strated,  biit  aware  that  the  English  had  already  a  consid- 
erable force  collected  for  the  express  purpose  of  invading 
their  country,  they  at  length  thought  it  tA6st  prudent  to 
acquiesce. 

iDurlng  the  war  between  the  Narragansets  and  Uncus, 
the  former  once  besieged  the  fon  of  the  latter  until  his 
provisions  were  nearly  exhausted,   and  he  found  that  his 
men  must  soon  perish  either  by  famine  or  the  tomahawk 
unless  speedily  relieved— >in  this  crisis  he  found  means 
of  communicating  an  account  of  his  situation  to  the  Eng- 
lish scouts,  who  had  been  despatched  from  the  fort  in 
Saybrook  to  reconnoitre  the  enemy — Uncus   represent- 
ed the  danger  to  which  the  English    would  be  exposed 
if  the  Narragansets  should  succeed   in  destroying   the 
Mohegans.    It  was  at  this   critical  juncture,   that   the 
greatest  part  of  the  English  troops  in   Connecticut  were 
employed  on  an  expedition  abroad  ;  a  Mr.  Thomas  Let- 
riNGWBLL,  however,  a  bold  and  enterprising  man,  on 
learning  the   situation   of  Uncus,   loaded  a  canoe  with 
provision,  and  under  cover  of  night  paddled  from  Say- 
brook  into  the  river  Thames,  and  had  the  address  to  get 
the  whole  into  the  fort— the  enemy  soon  after  discover- 
ing that  Uncus  had  received  supplies,   raised  the  siege  } 
—for  tills  piece  of  service  Vifcus   presented   said  LeW" 
FincwBLL   with  a  deed  of  a  very  large  tract  of    land) 
now  comprising  the  whole  town  of  Norwich. 

The  English  in  New-England  now  enjoyed  a  peace  un- 
til the  year  1671,  when  they  again  took  up  arm*  to  re- 
venorfi  the  death  of  one  of  their  countrvmcn  who   had 


itta  inhamanljr  murdered  by  an  Indian  belonging  io- 
the  Nipnet  tribes  of  which  the  celebrated  Pbilip,  of 
Mount  Hope  (now  Bristol,  R.  I.  )was  Sachemt— It  was 
thought  the  most  prudent  step  by  the  Governor  and 
Council)  ilrat  to  send  for  Philip,  and  acquaint  him  with 
the  cause  of  their  resentment,  and  the  course  which 
they  were  determined  to  pursue  in  case  he  refused  to 
deliver  into  their  hands  the  murderer — Philip  being  ac- 
cordingly sent  for,  and  appearing  bdfore  the  court,  ap- 
peared much  dissatisfied  with  Che  conduct  of  the  accu&ed, 
assuring  them  that  no  pains-  should  be  spared  to  bring 
him  to  justice  ;  and  more  fully  to  confirm  his  friendship 
for  the  English,  expressed  a  wish  that  the  declaration 
which  he  was  about  publicly  to  make,  might  be  commit- 
ted to  paper,  that  he  and  his  Council,  might  thereunto 
affix  their  signatures.  The  Governor  and  Council,  in 
compliance  with  the  request  of  Phili:^,  drew  up  the  fol- 
lowing, which  after  being  signed  by  Philip  and  his  chief 
men,  was  presented  to  the  Governor  by  PfilLif  in  com 
firmation  of  his  friendly  assurances  : — 

*'  Whereas  my  farther,  my  brother,  and  myself,  hare 
thiformly  submitted  to  the  good  and  wholesome  laws  of 
his  majesty,  the  king  of  England,  and  have  ever  rei^N^t- 
ed  his  faithful  subjects,  the  English,  as  our  frfendhl  audi 
brothers,  and  being  still  anxious  to  brighten  the  ckain  ot 
friendship  between  us,  we  do  now  embrace  this  opportu- 
nity to  pledge  ourselves,  that  we  will  spare  no  pains  in 
seeking  oiit  and  bringing  to  justice,  such  of  our  tribe  a» 
ahall  hereafter  commit  any  outrage  against  th^m  ;  apd  to  >' 
remove  all  suspicion,  we  voluntarily  agree  to  deliver  up 
to  them,  all  the  fire  arms,  which  they  have  heretofore 
kindly  presented  us  with,  until  such  time  as  they  can 
•afely  repose  confidence  in  ua— and  for  the  true  ncrform- 
F 


,^' 


ifcr 


%»ii 


*  L 


ance  of  these  our  sacred  promises,  we  have  hereunto  sei 
our  bands. 

Chief  Sachem. 
Philip  s  H  mark. 

Chief  Men. 
PoK^NoKsr's  k  mark. 
,  UttcoMBo's  X  mark. 

In  presence  of  the       >         6'^.vr.^y,  ^  n.^^k. 
Governor  and  Council,    5         W^o.oiroif  ^  ;^  mark. 

Notwithstanding  the  fair  promises  of  Philip,  it  was 
soon  d.scovcred  by  the  English,  that  he  wa^  playing  a 
deep  garf>e,  Chat  he  was  anfuily  enticing  his  red  breth, 
ren  throughout  the  whoIe,of  Ncw-England,  to  rise,  en 
mas.e.  ag.,n3tthem,  and  drive  them  out  of  the  country  ; 

4000  fighting  men-the  spring  of  1672,  was  the  time 
agreed  upon  on  which  the  grand  blow  was  to  be  given.-^ 
Ihs  cv.l  indentions  of  Par.iP.  was  first  discovered  and 
cortimumtated  to  the  English,  by  a  friendly  Indian,  of 
the  Narrag.nset  tribe;  fortunately  for  them,  this  Indian 
had  been  taken  into  favour  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Elliot,  by 

much  attached  to  the  English.^The  Governor  upon  re- 
ce.v.ng  Uie  miportant  information  relative  to  the  hostile 

n  u  1"-'"'  ^"""^"''^  "  ^"'^'"•y  ^«^<^h  to  be  kept  up 
•n  all  the  English  settlements  wiihin  the  three  xofonie.  j 
by  eome  of  whom  it  was  soon  discovered  that  the  repor 
o  their  Indian  friend  Was  too  well  founded,  as  the  In- 
dians of  different  tribds  were  daily  seen  Bocking  in  gr  « 
s3in?th''  '''  head-quarters  of  Philip  ,  previous" 
acndmg  the.r  w.ves  and  children  to  the  Narraganset 
country,  wL  ^h  they  had  ever  done  previous  to  the  co^ 
wencement  of  hostilities.  "««  com- 

The  inhabitania  of  Swanzey  (a  small  scUlcment  atl. 


.^43-. 


joining  Mount  Hope,  the  head-quarters  of  Philip)  wer* 
the  fifHt  who  felt  the  effect*  of  this  war.— Philip,  en- 
couraged by  the  numbers  who  were  daily  enlisting  un- 
der his  banners,  arid  despairing  of  discovering  cause  that 
could  justify  him  in  the  commencement  of  hostiiiticH 
against  his  "  friend;)  and  brothers,"  as  he  had  termed 
themv  resolved  to  provoke  them  to  war  by  killing  thtir 
cattle,  firing  their  barns,  &c. —this  plan  had  its  desired 
efiect,  as  the  inhabitants,  determined  to  save  their  pro- 
perty or  perish  in  the  attempt,  tired  upon  the  Indians, 
which  was  deemed  cause  sufficient  by  the  latter  to  com* 
mence  their  bloody  work— the  war-whoop  was  immedia- 
tfcly  thereupon  sounded,  when  the  Indians  commenced  an 
indiscriminate  murder  of  the  defenceless  inhabitunts  of 
Swanzey,  spairing  not  the  tender  infant  at  the  breast  !— 
but  three,  of  seventy-eight  persons  which  the  town  con- 
tained, made  their  escape.— Messengers  were  dispatched 
with  the  melancholy  tidings  of  Hhis  bloody  affair,  to  the 
Governor,  who  by  and  with  the  advice anrd  consent  of  the 
Council,  despatched  a  company  of  militia  ivith  all  possi- 
ble speed  to  the  relief  of  the  distressed  inhabitants  rcsid* 
ing  near  the  head-quarters  of  Philip  ;•— as  soon^s  they 
could  be  raised,  three  companies  more  were  despatched 
under  the  command  of  Captains  Henchman,  Prentice* 
and  Church,  who  arrived  in  the  neighborhood  of  Swan* 
zey,  on  the  S8ih  June,  where  they  were  joined  by  four 
more  companies  from  Plymouth  colony— it  was  found 
that  the  Indians  had  pillaged  and  set  fire  to  the  village, 
and  .with  their  booty  had  retired  to  Mount  Hope*— a  com* 
pany  of  cavalry  were  sent  under  the  command  $  Capt. 
Prentice,  to  reconnoitre  them  ;  but  before  they  arrived 
at  a  convenient  place  for  this  purpose,  they  were  ambush* 
ed  and  fired  upon  by  the  enemy,  who  killed  six  of  their 
number  and  wounded  ten— the  report  of  their  guns  alarm* 
ing  the  renaaining  companies  t)f  the  English,  they  ha*-  ^ 


A 


■v- 


W'*' : 


jtened  to  the  relief  of  the  cavalrf ,  who  it  this  moment 
were  completely  surrounded  by  about  600  IndianS}  be- 
tween whom  and  the  English  a  warm  contest  now  entu* 
cd  ;  the  savages  fought  desperately,  and  more  than  onc^ 
nearly  succeeded  in  overpowering  the  English)  but  very 
fortunately  for  the  latter,  when  nearly  despairing  of  vic- 
tory, a  fresh  company  of  militia  from  Boston  arrived  ; 
which. ilaQking  the  enemy  on  the  right  and  left,  and  ex- 
posing them  to  two  fires,  soon  overpowered  them,  and 
caused  them  to  seek  shelter  in  an  adjoining  wood,  inac- 
essible  to  the  English.— The  English  had  in  this  severe 
engagement  42  killed,  and  73  wounded,  many  of  them 
mortally— the  enemy's  loss  was  supposed  to  be  much 
greater. 

On  the  SOth,  Major  Satage  (who  by  his  Eycellcncy 
the  Governor  had  been  appointed  Commander  in  Chief 
of  the  combined  English  forces)  arrived  with  an  addi- 
tional company  of  cavalry i  who  with  the  remaining  com- 
panies the  following  day  commepced  their  march  for 
Mount-Hope,  the  head-quarters  of  Philip— on  their 
Way*  the  English  were  affected  with  a  scene  truly  dis- 
tressing ;  the  Savages,  ijot  content  with  bathing  their 
tomahawks  in  the  blood  of  the  defenceless  inhabitants  of 
bwanzey,  hadt  it  was  discovered,  in  mapy  inntances  de- 
tached their  limbs  from  their  mangled  bodieS}  and  affix* 
ed  them  to  poles  which  were  extended  in  the  air !  among 
which  were  discovered  the  heads  of  several  infant  chil- 
dren, the  whole  of  which,  by  order  of  Maj.  Savage, 
frere  collected  and  buried* 

The  English  arrived  at  Mount  Hope  about  sun-set,  but 
the  enemy  having  received  information  of  their  approach, 
had  deserted  their  wigwarms  and  retired  into  a  neigh- 
boring wood.— Major  Savage,  to  pursue  the  enemy  with 
success,  now  divided  his  meft  into  seperate  companies 
i****^"  *^*  ***^^^F*^  ^"^  march  in  different  directions,  station- 


—41-^ 


ing  40  at  Mount«Hope:— On  tht  4th  July  the  in«n  usder 
the  command  of  Captains  Church  and  HiNCRKtUt  feU 
in  with  a  body  of  the  eneinf)  to  thfi  number  of  S00| 
whom  they  attacked ;  the  English  lietng^ijt.  43  in  num- 
ber, including  officers,  victory  for  a  CQiiBi^rjM>]e  length 
of  time  appeared  much  in  favour  of  liie  anvagest  but 
very  fortunately  for  the  former  being  commanded  by  b6ld 
and  resolute  officers,  they  deiended  themselves  in^  the 
most  heroic  manner  until  relieved  by  a  company  of  cav- 
alry under  the  command  of  Capt.  Pa  entice.— .The 
Indians  now  in  turn  finding  the  fire  of  the  £ngli»h  too 
warm  for  them,  fled  in  every  direction,  leaving  SO  o* 
their  number  dead  and  about  60  severely  wounded  on  the 
field  of  action— the  English  in  this  engagement  had  7 
Villed  and  33  wounded,  five  of  whom  survived  the  action 
but  a  few  hours; 

This  action^  so  far  from  daunting  the  bold  and  reso- 
lute Capt«  CBuaeH,  seemed  to  inspire  him  with  addi- 
tional bravery ;  unwilling  that  any  of  the  enemy  should 
escape,  he  boldly  led  his  men  into  an  almost  impenetra- 
ble forest  into  which  those  who  survived  the  action  had 
^ed— the  Indians  perceiving  the  English  approaching^ 
concealed  themselves  from  their  view  by  lying  flat  on 
their  bellies,  in  which  situation  they  remained  concealed 
until  the  English  had  advanced  within  a  few  rods  of 
them,  when  each  unperceived  fixing  upon  his  man,  di^ 
charged  a  shower  of  arrows  amorg  them-^-this  unexpec- 
ed  check  threw  the  English  into  confusion,  which  the 
Indians  perceiving,  rushed  furiously  upon  them  with 
their  knives  and  tomahawks,  shouting  horribly  !~thc 
English  (their  cavalry  being  unable  to  afford  them  assi«^ 
tance)  were  no^  in  a  very  disagreeable  situatiqttf  4he 
trec'8  being  so  very  large  as  to  render  it  diffic* 
their  fire  arms  with  any  effect,  and  they  wer«: 
so  encompassed  by  the  savages,  as  to  render  1 


—46^ 


S 


ry  tHott  to  defend  thcmselyei  useless;  of  04  who  en, 
lered  the  swamp,  but  ST  escaped,  among  whom  very 
fortunately  was  their  valuable  leader  Capt.  Church. 

The  English   finding  that  they  could   neither  bring 
their  enemies  to  action  in  open   field,  or  engage  them 
with  any  success  in  the  forest  in  which  they  were  lodg- 
ed, returned  home,  with  the  exception  of  three  compa- 
nies, who  were  stationed   by  Major  Savage   near  the 
borders  of  a  twamp,  into  which  it  was  strongly  suspect, 
ed  that  Phuif,  with  a  number  of  his  tribe,  had  fied— 
this  swamp  was  two  miles  in  length,  and  to  ihe  English 
inaccessible — Philip,  who  had  been  watching  the  mn 
tion  of  his  enemies,  perceiving  the  greater  part  of  them 
marching  off  conjectured  that  their  object,  was  to  obtain 
a  reinforcement  j  impressed  with  this  belief  he  resolved 
to  improve  the  first  opportunity  to  escape   with  a  few 
chosen  men  by  water,  which  be  with  little  difllculty  effect- 
ed the  proceeding  night,  taking  the  advantage  of  a  low 
*idc.     The  enemy  were  soon  after  their  escape  discov- 
ed  and  pursued  by  the  inhabitants  of  Rehoboth,  accom- 
panied by  a  party  of  the  Mohegans,  who  had  volunteer? 
f4  their  services  against  Philip. 

The  i^ehrboth  militia  came  up  with  the  rear  of  thp 
enemy  about  sunset,  and  killed  12  of  them,  without  sus- 
taining any  loss  on  their  part ;  night  prevented  their  en- 
gaging the  whole  force  of  Philip,  but  early  the  succeed- 
ing morning  they  continued  the  pursuit,  the  Indians  had 
however  fled  with  such   precipitancy  that  it   was  found 
impossible  to  overtake  them— they  bent  their  course  to 
the    westward,    exhorting  the  different  tribes  through 
Which  they  passed  to  take  up  arms  against  the  English. 
The  United  Colonies  became  now  greatly  alarmed  at 
the  hostile  views  and  rapid  strides  of  Philip— the  Gene- 
ral court  was  constantly  in  sitting  and  endeavouring  to 
|»lan  means  to  cut  him  off  before  he  should  have  an  op. 


« 

^rtunity  to  corrupt  the  minds  of  too  many  of  his  conn* 
try  men. 

While  the  Court  wa«  thus  employed,  information  waa 
received  that  Philip  had  arrived  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Orookfield  (siiuuted  about  rs  miles  from  Boston)  and 
that  a  'number  of  itst  inhabitanis  had  been  inhumanly 
butchered  by  his  adherents*— Orders  were  immediat^y. 
thereupon  issued  for  the  raising  ten  companies  of  foot 
and  horse,  to  be  despatched  to  tl^e  relief  of  the  unfor- 
tunate inhabitants  of  Brookfield ;  but  befoie  they  could 
reach  that  place  Philip  and  his  parly  had  entered  the 
town  and  indiscriminately  put  to  death  almost  every  in* 
habitant  which  it  contained  ;  thu  few  that  escaped  having 
taken  the  precaution,  previous  to  the  attack,  to  assemble 
together  in  one  house,  which  they  strongly  fortified ;  this 
house  was  furiout<ly  attacked  by  the  savages  and  seferat 
times  set  on  fire,  and  the  besieged  were  on  the  point  of 
surrendering  when  Major  Willaro  happily  arrived  to 
their  relief— Between  the  English  and  the  Indians  a  des* 
perate  engagement  now  ensued,  the  former  by  the  ex- 
press command  of  their  officer*,  gave  no  quarter,  but  in  a 
very  heroic  manner  rushed  upon  the  savages  with  club- 
bed muskets ;  the  action  continued  until  near  sunset, 
when  the  few  Indians  that  remained  alive  sought  shelter 
in  the  neighboring  woods.  In  this  engagement  the  Eng- 
lish had  22  killed  and  75  wounded— the  enemy's  loss 
was  217  killed,  and  between  200  and  300  wounded,  who 
by  way  of  retaliation  (for  their  barbarity  exercised  to- 
ward the  defenceless  inhabitants  of  Brookfield)  were  im- 
mediately put  to  death. 

The  Governourand  Council,  on  learning  the  fate  oftho 
unfortunate  inhabitants  of  Brookfield,  despatch<{d,  a  rein- 
forcement  of  three  companies  of  cavalry  to  Majfi^  iViL. 
LARD,  and  ordered  the  like  number  to  be  sent  him  from 
Hartford,  in  Connecticut  colony,  with  which  he  waa.di- 


ittitA  to  pursue  Psii.tp  with  lire  tnd  iword,  to  whateter 
part  of  the  country  he  should  resort* 

It  being  discoTcred  that  a  part  of  Patup*s  forces  hadf 
fled  to  Hatfield,  two  companies  of  English,  under  com- 
nand  of  Capt.  LAfMRop^  and  Capt.  Bmers^  were  lent  in 
pursuit  of  them,  who  within  about  three  miles  of  Hat- 
field, overtook  nnd  attacked  them,  but  the  force  of  the 
English  being  greatly  inferior  to  that  of  the  enemy,  the 
former  were  defeated  «nd  driven  back  to  the  main  body  ; 
which  enabled  Che  enemy  (who  had  in  the  late  engage- 
ment  been  detached  from  their  main  body)  to  join  Patt* 
•"••—On  the  18th  September,  information  was  received 
by  Major  Wjiljio  that  the  enemy  had  successfully  at- 
tacked and  defeated  the  troops  under  the  command  of 
Capt.  Lathrop  j  that  they  were  ambushed  and  unex- 
pectedly surrounded  by  1000  of  the  enemy,  to  whom 
they  all  (except  three,  who  escaped)  fell  a  bacrifice  !— 
The  defeat  of  Capt.  LAtsROP  took  place  in  the  neigh. 
iMrhood  of  Deerfield,  for  the  defence  of  which,  there 
was  an  English  garrisoD,  which  the  Indians  were  about 
to  attack  when  Major  Wmllard  happily  arrived}  on  the 
approach  of  whom,  the  Indians  fled. 

On  the  lOt^  October  following,  a  part^.of  Philip'^ 
Indiana  successfully  assaulted  the  town  of  Springfield, 
which  they  pilliged  and  set  fire  to,  killing  about  40  of 
the  inhabitants.— On  the  Uth  they  assaulted  the  town  of 
Hatfield}  in  which  two  companies  under  the  command 
of  Capt.  MosELYf  and  Capt.  AppLRtoH^  were  stationed  ; 
the  enemy  continued  the  attack  about  two  hours,  when 
finding  the  fire  of  the  English  too  warm  for  them,  the/ 
fled,  leaving  a  number  of  their  party  behind  them  dead. 

Pniup  now  finding  himself  closely  pursued  by  a  large 
and  formidable  body  of  the  English,  deemed  it  prudent 
to  bend  bis  course  toward  his  old  place  of  resi'dencei  there 
to  remain  until  the  ensuing  spring. 


-.4t— 

But  the  Commiiiioneri  of  the  United  Colonieii  dul^ 
reflecting  on  the  deplorable  Bituation  of  their  dcfencelcit 
brethren  throughout  the  country,  aware  that  there  \»er« 
then  a   much  greater  numlwr  ot  their   savoge  cnentict 
embodied,  than  at  any    former  period,  who,   if  luflertd 
peaceably  to  retire  into  winter  (|M«rterB,  might  piove  too 
powerful  for  them  the  spnnj;  ensuing,  re»olved  to  attack 
the  whole  force  under  Pniuf  m   their  winter  encamp- 
ment—for  the  purpose  of  which,  every   Engllihman  ca- 
pable of  bearing  arms,  was  commanded  (by  Proclamation 
of  the  Governor)  to  hold  himself  in  readiness  to  march  at 
the  shortest  notice.--The    loth   of  December,  was   the 
day  appointed  by  the  CommiiiiionerB  on   which   the  de« 
cisive  blow  was  to  be  given—six  companies  were  imme- 
diately raised  in  Massachusetts,  consisting  in  the  wiiote 
of  627  men,  to  the  command  of  v.hich   were  appointed 
Captains  Mostly,  Garokner,   Davknport,   Olivxh, 
and  Johnson— five  companies  were   raised   in  Connecti- 
cut, consihiing  of  450  men,  to  the   command  of  which 
were  appointed  Captains  Sikly,  Mason,  Gallop,\Vatts, 
and  Marshall— two  companies  were  likewise  raised  in 
Plymouth,  consisting  of  150  men,  who  were  commanded 
by  Captains  Rici   and  Coram  ;-->three    Majors  of  the 
three  respective  divisions,  were   aNb  appointed,  to  wit : 
Major  Applbton,  of  Massachusetts— Major  Tax  at,  of 
Connecticut,  and  Major  Bradford,  of  Plymouth— the 
whole  force,  consisting  of  1137  men,   were   commanded 
by  Major-General  Winslov^,  late  Governor  of  the  colo- 
nies.—On  the  7th  December,  the  combined  forces  com- 
menced their  march  for  the   headquarters  of  the  enemy 
-•at  this  inclement  season,  it  was  with  the   utmost  dilli* 
Cully  that  the  troops  were  enabled  to  penetrate  thrmigh 
a  wild  and  pathless  wood— on  the   morning   of  titc  9th 
.  (having  travelled  all  the  preceding  night)  they  arrived  «t 
the  border  of  an  extensive  svramp,  in  which  they  weir 


— JO— 

Informed  by  ihelr  guides  the  enemy   were  encamped  to 
ihe  nunibtr  o!  4000.-.Thc  English  (after  partaking  of  n 

little  reficsliraent)  formed  for  baii!e Capt   Moselt,  and 

Capt.  Davkmport,  led  the  ran,  and  Major  Appli'toit, 
and  Capt.  Olitir,  brought  up  He  rear  of  the  Massa- 
chusttit  forces-General  Winslcw,  iviih  the  Plymouth 
troopa  formed  ihc  centre-^thc  Connecticut  tioop.  un.ler 
the  command  of  their  respective  capt.ins,  together  with 
about  300  of  the  Mohegans,  commanded  by  Ohmco,  (the 
fton  ol  U^cus)  brought  up  the  rear. 

It  wa5  discovered  by  an  India.,  sent  for  that  purpose, 
that  :n  the  centre  of  the  swamp  the  enemy  had  built  a 
very  strong  fort,  of  so  wise  construction,  that  ir  wa.wilh 
difficulty    ihatmore  ihau  on«  person  could  enter  atone 
ume—Abuul    lo  o'clock,  A.M.   the  Eni,'I.Rh   with   the 
sound  ol   the   liumpei  entered   the    swamp,  and   when 
w.tJHo.5i|^nt  fifty  rod.  of  their  f<.rt,  wee  met  and  attack- 
ed   by  fhe  cn«my-.the  Indians  in  their  usual   manne- 
aborning   and  howling  like   beasts  of  prey,  commenced' 
the  «ttutk*vuh  savage  firry  ;  but  with  a  hideous  noise 
the  Engl.sh   were  not  to  be  intimidated  j  charging  them 
with  unequalled  bravery,  the  enemy  were  soon  glad  to 
seek  shelter  within  the  walls  of  their  fort  ;-.ihe  English 
huvuigc.osely  jve«ed  upon  ihe  ene...y,  as  they  retreat, 
eu.  now  m  turn  found  themselves  in  a  very  disagreeable 
situation,  exposed  to  the  fire  of  the  Ttciians  (who  were 
covered  by  a  high  breastwork)  they  were  not  even  en«. 
bled  to  act  on  the  defensive— At   this  critical  juncture 
the  hon-hearted  OsEce,  with  the  assent   of  Gen.  Wms- 
Low,  offered  (with  the  men  under  his  command)  to  scale 
the  walls  of  the  fort,  which  being  approved  of    by  the 
English  commanders,  Oneco,  with  about  sfity  picked 
men,  m  an  instant  ascended  to  the  top  of  the  fort ;  where 
l>»vmg  a  fair  chance  at   the  enemy,  they  hurled  theif 
tomahawks  and  discharged  their  arrows  with  seek  sue- 


— n— 


eeii  among;  themi  a«  in  a  verjr  short  time  to  throw  them 
into  (he  utmoit  conlubion  }  those  who  ottcmpltd  to  ci» 
cape  from  the  fort,  were  intiantly  cui  iti  piece*  by  the 
troops  without— ihe  enemy  finding  ihemselveb  thu»  hem- 
med IH)  and  attacked  un  all  tildes,  in  ih<;  moit  abjuct 
terms  begged  for  quarter,  which  Wis  denied  them  by  th<t 
English—a  grcut  proportion  of  the  troops  beini^  now 
mounted  on  the  walls  of  the  fort,  they  had  nothing  to  do 
but  load  and  fire,  the  enemy  being  penned  up  and  bud* 
died  together  in  such  a  manner,  that  there  was  scarcely 
a  shot  lost.—Thia  bloody  contest  was  of  near  six  hours 
continuance,  when  the  English  perceiving  the  fort  filled 
with  nought  but  dcadi  or  such  as  were  mortally  wounded 
of  the  enemy,  closed  the  bloody  conflict. 

The  scene  of  action  at  this  instant  was  indeed  such  a» 
could  not  fail  tu  hhock  the  stoutest  hearted  !— the  bug4 
logs  of 4irhich  the  fort  was  constructed,  wete  completely 
crimaoned  with  the  blood  of  the  enemy,  while  the  sur- 
rounding woods  resounded  with  the  dying  groans  of  the 
wounded.— The  number  of  slain  of  the  encrr  *  ihia 
severe  cngagen>ent,  could  not  be  asceri^iacd,  it  waa 
however  immensie ;  of  4000  which  the  fart  was  sup- 
posed  to  contain  at  the  commencemcni  of  the  action, 
not  300  escaped  I  among  whom  unfor  unately  was  the 
treacherous  Philip. 

After  the  close  of  this  desper:  te  action,  the  troops 
(having  destroyed  all  in  their  power)  left  the  enemy's 
ground,  and  carrying  about  3oo  wounded  men  marched 
back  to  the  distance  of  sixteen  miles  to  head-quarters  ; 
—the  night  proved  cold  and  siormy,  the  snow  fell  deep, 
and  it  was  i^t  until  jnidnight  or  after  that  Ifee  troops 
were  enabled  to  reacl^ their  place  of  desiinaitOBfrOiany 
of  the  wounded,  who  probtbly  otherwise  mighi  have  re- 
covered, perished  with  the  cold  and  iaconvenici|ce  qC  # 
Qiarch  su  faiiguinu:. 


— 5S— 


^  Although  the  destruction  of  so  great  a  numbef  of  thjl 
^nemy  was  considered  of  the  greatest  importance  to  the 
English,  yet  it  proved  a  conquest  dearly  bought— it  was 
obtained  at  the  expence  of  the  lives  of  not  only  a  great 
number  of  privates,  but  a  great  propojrtion.of  their  most 
valuable  officers  ;  among  whom  were  Captains  Datbk- 
poRT,  Gardner,  Johnson,  Siely,  and  Marshall— on 
enumerating  their  number  of  slain  an,d  wounded)  it  was 
^ound  as  follows  : — 

Of  the  companies  commanded  by  .     . 

Papiains  Mosely,  -  -  .  -  lo  killed, 

Oliver,    ....  20  . 

Gardner,   .  .  .  ll  . 

Johnson,  ....  is  . 

Davenport,  >  •  15  > 


M 


Gallop, 

SiKLY,  -   .   . 

WAtts,  .  - 
Mason,  .  . 
Marshall, 

GORAM,      .  . 

Sachem  Onecq,     - 


28  . 
32  . 
Id  . 
40  . 
25  . 
30  . 
51  - 


40  wounded^ 

48 

32 

38 

19 

43 

50 

S3       % 

SO 

^7 

41 

82 


Total,  299  Total,  513 
The  courage  displayed  during  the  action  by  every 
pan  of  the  army— the  invincible  heroism  of  the  officers 
—the  firmness  and  resolution  of  the  soldiers,  when  they 
saw  iheir  aptains  falling  before  them— and  the  hardships 
^ndured  before  and  after  the  engagement,  are  hardly 
ciedible,  and  rarely  find  a  parallel  in  ancient  or  modern 
ages  l—ihe  cold  (the  day  preceding  the  action)  was  ex- 
treme, and  in  the  night  of  which,  the  snow  fell  so  deep 
as  to  render  it  extremely  difficult  for  the  army  to  move 
the  day  succeeding ;— four  hundred  of  the  soldiers  were 
80  completely  frozen  as  to  be  unfit  for  duty  '—the  Con- 
necticut troops  were  the  most  disabled,  having  endured 
a  tedious  march  without  halting  from  Stoningion  to   the 


• 

p|«Cf  of  pubUe  rendezvous-^thef  lusfained  too  a  imicli 
greater  loss  in  the  action^  in  proportion  to  theil>  numbers, 
than  the  troops  of  the  other  colonies— >the  bold  and  in- 
trepid C^apt*  Mason  (who  received  a  fatal  wound  in  the 
action,  of  which  he  died  in  about  three  months  after)  was 
the  first  after  the  Mohegans  to  mount  the  walls  of  the 
fort,  nor  did  the  troops  under  his  command  fail  lo  fullow 
the  noble  example. 

The  loss  of  the  troops  from  Connecticut  was  so  great 
that  Major  Treat  conceived  it  absolutely  necessary  to 
return  immediately  home— such  of  the  wounded  as  were 
not  able  to  travel  were  put  on  board  a  vessel  and  convey- 
ed  to  Stonington— thii  troops  on  their  return  killed  and 
captured  about  SO  of  the  enemy.  .- 

The  Massachusetts  and  Plymouth  forces  kept  the  field 
the  greater  part  of  the  winter— they  ranged  the  country, 
toot  a  number  of  priaoners,  destroyed  about  300  wig- 
warms,  but  achieved  nothing  brilliant  or  decisive. 

The  Nipnet  and  Narraganset  tribes  being  by  the  iat« 
action  nearly  exterminated,   the  few  that  aurvived    (by 
the  direction  of  Pnitip)  fled  in  small  parties  to  different 
parts  of  the  country,  improving  every  opportunity  that  . 
presented  to  revenge  the  untimely  fate  of  their  brethren* 
On  the  10th  February,  1678,  about  100  of  them  surpns* 
ed  the  inhabitants  of  Lancaster  (Mass.)  a  part  of  whom, 
as  a  place  of  greater  safety,  had  the  day  previous  re- 
sorted  to  the  dwelling  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Rowland  ;  this 
however  being  constructed  of  dry  logs,  was  set   fire  to 
by  the  Indians,   which  the  unfortunate   English  within 
being  unable  to  extinguish,   they  fell  victims  to  the  dcr 
vouring  flames— On  the  21st  the   enemy  attapkediiii! 
inhabitants  of  Medfield,   32  of  whom   they  kiHi^^^i^  v 
the  remainder  made  captives.  i^f^^\^:' 

On  the  3d  March,  the  Indians  still  continu^j^^^^ 
depredations,  two  companies  of  cavalry,  under  tl|B'|^- 


inuitl  of  Capt.  PiiRCi)  and  Capt.  Watkins,  were  or? 
^ered  out  for  the  purpose  of  affording  protection  to  the 
^Afenceleia  inhabitants  of  towns  most  exposed  to  their 
incursions— on  the  5th  thejr  marched'  to  Pautuzet,  near 
'  where  there  were  ft  considerable  body  of  Indians  en- 
camped, whom  on  tbp  morning  of  the  5thi  they  fell  in 
W«lh  and  altackcd— the  enemy  at  first  appeared  but  few 
in  number,  but  these  were  only  empjoyed  to  decoy  the 
English,  who  on  a  sudden  found  themselves  surrounded 
by  ne»r  300  Indians,  who,  with  their  tomahawks  and 
Kalping  knives,  ruphing  furiously  upon  them,  threaten- 
edthem  yith  instant  destruction  I— The  English  now 
acting  upoq  the  defensive,  although  surrounded  by  five 
times  their  number,  fought  with  their  usual  spirit,  and 
were  resolved  to  sell  their  lives  at  as  dear  rate  as  possi- 
ble, they  were  wry  soon   however  compelled  to  yield 
to  the  superior  force  oi   their  savage  enemies ;  *but 
five  escaped  l~This  victory,  though  of  considerable  im- 
portance  to  the  savages,  cost  them  a  number  of  their 
bravest  warriors,  93  of  whom  were  the  proceeding  day 
found  dead  upon  the  field  of  action  ;  there  were  in  this 
engagement  about  30  friendly  Indians  with  the  English, 
who  fought  like  desperadofss,  one  of  them  observing  Capt. 
PiiRCK  unable  to  stand,  in  consequence  of  the  many 
wounds  he  had  received,  for  nearly  two  hours  bravely 
defended  him  ;  when  perceiving  his  owq  imincnt  danger, 
and  that  he  could  afford  the  captain  no  further  assistance, 
by  blacking  his  face  as  the  enemy  had  done,  escaped  ui), 
noticed. 

On  the«95th  March,  a  parly  of  Indians  attacked  and 

burnt  the  towns  of  Weymouth  and  Warwick,  kilfing  a 

great  number  of  the  inhabitants.— On  the  10th  April 

following  they  pillaged  and  burnt  Rchoboth  and  Provi- 
dence. 

On  the  lit  May  a  company  of  English  and  150  Mo- 


—55— 

hegans,  under  command  of  Capt*  GiobOS  DKNKrsoff, 
were  sent  in  pursuit  of  a  body  ol  the  enemy  command- 
ed by  the  »on  of  Miamtinomi  ;  on  the  8tb  they  met 
with  and  attacked  them  near  Groton<— the  Indians,  ap- 
parently  determined  on  victory  or  death,  displayed  an 
unusual  degree  of  courage,  but  the  Eogli&h  and  Mohe- 
gans  proved  too  strong  lor  them,  who  afier  destroying 
the  grcRt-r  part  with  their  muskets  and  tomahawks, 
drove  the  remainder  into  a  neighboring  river,  where  (hey 
soon  perished. 

On  the  33d,  Cononchet,  Sachem  of  the  few  scattered 
remains  of  the  Narragansets,  proposed  to  his  Council 
that  the  lands  bordering  on  Connecticut  river,  not  inhab- 
ited by  the  English,  should  ' ,  by  them  planted  with 
corn,  for  their  future  subsir  c  j  which  being  approved 
of  by  the  latter,  200  of  the  Narragansets  were  despatch* 
ed  for  this  purpose,  the  Governor  being  apprized  of  their 
intentions  despatched  three  companies  of  cavalry  to  in. 
tercept  them  ;  about  100  of  the  Mohegans,  under  the 
command  of  Omkco,  accompanied  the  Eoglish-^the  ene- 
my were  commanded  by  Conokchet  in  person,  who  first 
proceeded  to  Seconk  to  procure  seed  corn ;  it  was  in  the 
ne.ghborhood  of  this  place  that  they  were  first  met  with  ' 
And  engaged  by  the  English  and  Mohegans-thc  enemy 
with  becoming  bravery  for  a  long  time  withstood  the  i^t- 
tack,  but  being  but  poorly  provided  with  weapons,  ther 
were  at  length  overpowered  and  compelled  to  yield  to  thi 
superior  power  of  their  enemies-in  the  midst  of  the 
action  CoNoNCHET,  fearful  of  the  issue,  deserted  his  mea 
and  attempted  to  seek  shelter  in  a  neighboring  wood,  but 
bemg  recognised  bf  the  Mohegans,  they  pursued  him-^ 
CoNONCHKT  perceiving  himself  nearly  overtaken  by  hit 
pursuers,  to  facilitate  his  flight  first  threw  away  his  blan- 
kct,  and  then  his  silver  laced  coat  (with  which  he  h«d 
been  prescmed  by  the  Englisli  «  few  weeks  D«e.m„.A 


— 5«-^ 

but  finding  that  he  could  not  escape  from  his  pursuers  bjr 
flight,  he  plunged  into  a  river,  where  he  was  even  follow- 
ed by  half  a  dozen  resolute  iVlohegans,  who  laying  hold 
of  him  forced  him  under  water  ahd  there  held  him  until 
drowned.— The  loss  of  the  English  and  Mohegans  in  this 
engagement  was  12  killed,  and  21  wounded,  that  of  the 
enemy  was  43  killed  and  about  80  wounded. 

The  inhabitants  of  New-London,  Norwich  and  Ston- 
Ingtoh,  having  frequently  discovered  a  number  of  the 
enemy  lurking  about  in  small  bodies  in  the  adjacent 
woods,  by  joint  agreement  voluntarily  enlisted  them- 
selves (to  the  number  of  300)  under  the  Command  of 
Major  PALMSR,  and  Captains  Dekison  and  AverTi 
who  with  the  assistance  of  the  Mohegans  and  a  few 
friendly  Narragansets  in  three  expeditions  destroyed 
near  1000  of  the  enemyw 

On  the  8th  June  the  Indians  assaulted  and  burnt 
Bridgewater,  a  small  settlement  in  the  colony  of  Massa- 
chusetts ;  forty  of  its  inhabitants  fell  victims  to  savage 
barbarity. 

The  Governor  and  Council  of  Massachusetts  colony, 
aware  of  the  danger  td  which  many  of  the  inland  settle* 
ments  were  exposed,  by  frequent  incursions  df  the  ene- 
my i  and  finding  it  extremely  difficult  t6  raise  a  sufficient 
force  to  oppose  them  in  the  many  parts  to  which  the 
fragments  of  the  broken  tribes  had  resorted,  adopted  the 
policy  of  sending  among  them,  as  spies,  such  Indians  as 
were  friendly  and  could  be  depended  on ;  which  plan  had 
its  desired  effect— .these  Indians  representing  the  force  of 
the  English  much  greater  than  it  really  was,  and  warn- 
ing the  enemy  of  danger  which  did  not  at  that  time  ex- 
ist, deterred  them  from  acting  m  many  instances  on  the 
offensive. — One  of  the  friendly  Indians  relurning  to  Bos- 
ton on  the  10th  July,  reported  as  follows  :— «  that  a  large 
number  of  Indians  were  embodied  in  a  wood  near  Lan- 


:\e' 


?Vi 


v^' 


-.if— 


tnd  Ston- 
er  of  the 
adjacent 
ed  thean- 
nmand  of 

AvERTi 

id  a  few 
destroyed 

ind  burnt 
of  Massa- 
to  savage 

:s  eolonfi 
md  settle* 
r  the  ene- 
\  sufficient 
ivhich  the 
lopted  the 
Indians  as 
1  plan  had 
le  force  of 
and  warn- 
t  time  ex* 
ces  on  the 
ig  to  Bos- 
lat  a  large 
near  Lan* 


iaster,  Wiiich  village  thejr  intended  to  attack  and  bum  in 
a  few  days,  that  tliey  had  been  encouraged  to  continne 
the  war  with  the  English  by  Frenchmen,  from  the  great 
lake*  who  had  supplied  them  with  fire-arms  and  ammui« 
nitionl" 

On  the  receipt  of  this  important  information*  theGor- 
ernor  dispatched  three  companies  of  cavalry,  under  the 
commend  of  Major  Savaok,  for  the  defence  of  Lancas- 
ter, who  unfortunately  by  mistaking  the  road  fell  int» 
an  ambush  of  about  350  Indians,  by  whom  they  were 
instantly  surrounded— the  English  exhibitsd  great  pre- 
sence of  mind,  and  repelled  the  attack  of  the  enemy  in 
a  very  heroic  manner  ;  the  salvages  being  however  well 
provided  with  fire-arms,  soon  gained  a  complete  victory 
over  the  English,  whose  loss  in  this  unfortunate  engage- 
ment was  fifty  four  1— the  number  of  killed  and  wound- 
ed of  the  enemy  could  not  he  ascertained  as  they  re- 
maiiied  masters  of  the  field  of  action. 

On  the  iSth  a  severe  engagement  took  place  between 
a  company  of  English  cavalry  and  about  300  of  the  en- 
emy, near  Grolon— the  latter  were  not  perceived  by  the 
fbrmer,  until  they  trete  withm  a  few  paces  of  them   (the 
Indians  having  concealed  themselves  in  the  bushes)  wheoi 
suddenly  issuing  forth  with  a  hideous  yell,  the  cavalry 
were  thrown  into  confosion,  but  instantly  forming  and 
charging  the  enemy  with  gteat  spirit,  they  fled  in  every 
direction— the  cavalry,  in  attempting  to  pursue  theait, 
were  once  mwe  ambushed  ;   the  contest  now  becam*^- 
close  and  severe,  the  Indians  having  succeeded   in  de« 
coying  the  English  into  a  thick  wood,  attacked  them 
with  great  fury  and  success.    The  commander  of  the 
English  being  killed,  every  roan  saught  his  own  safety—. 
of  forty.five  of  which  the  company  was  composed,  but 
twelve  escaped  !— the  loss  of  the  enemy  ^Jta  however 
iiipposed  to  be  much  greater* 


ffe 


—58— 

On  (he  nth  August  a  party  of  Indians  tnftrtS  tA* 
town  of  Westficld,  killed  and  took  several  of  the  iw- 
habiiants  prisoners,  and  burnt  several  houses.— Three  of 
them  soon  after  made  their  appearance  at  a  house  *)eap 
aaid  town  and  fired  at  the  man  at  his  door,  who  fell ;  rti*y 
ran  towards  him,  and  one  of  them  stooping  to  scalp  him, 
he  was  saluted  by  the  man's  wife,  with  a  Stroke  from  a 
large  hatchet,  which  went  so  completely  into  his  body, 
that  at  three  different  efforts  she  could  not  disengage  it> 
and  the  Indian  made  off  with  it  sticking  in  him  ;  a  se- 
cond Indian  also  made  an  attempt,  when  she,  by  a  well 
directed  stroke  with  a  stick  she  had  got,  laid  him  on  the 
ground ;  the  third  then  run,  and  the  other,  as  soon  as  he 
liaU  recovered  his  feet,  followed  the  example,  on  which 
.il|e  Woma|i,took  her  husband  in  her  arms  and  carried 
bim  into  the  house,  where  he  soon  after  recovered. 

On  the  irih,  a  party  of  Indians  commenced  an  attack 
on  Northampton,  but  there  being  a  number  of  English 
soldiers  therein  stationed,  the  enemy  were  repulsed. 

On  the  20th,  a  number  of  the  inhabitants  of  Spring- 
field were  attacked  by  a  party  of  Indians  as  they  were 
returning  from  divine  service,  and  although  the  former 
were  provided  with  fire- arras,  the  enemy  succeeded  in 
making  prisoners  of  two  women  and  several  children, 
whom  they  soon  after  inhumanly  tomahawked  and  scalp- 
td.i  in  which  situation  they  were  the  succeeding  day  found 
by  a  party  of  English  sent  out  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy 
— one  of  the  unfortunate  women  (although  shockingly 
mangled)  was  iound  stiil  alive,  and  when  so  far  recovered 
as  to  be  enabled  to  speak,  gave  the  following  account  of 
the  fate  of  her  unfortunate  companions,  ta  wit :-.«»  That 
they  were  first  conveyed  by  the  savages  to  a  thick  wood, 
■where  they  were  severally  boupd  with  cords,  that  tho 
Indians  aoon  after  built  a  fire  and  regaled  themselves 
with  what  they  had  previously  stolen  from  the  Englitb  : 


.Sf^ 


that  soon  after  a  warm  dispute  arose  between  tkeni,  re- 
lative to  the  prisoners,  each  claiming  the  women  for  their 
squaws  (or  wives)  that  the/  at  length  proceeded  to  blows* 
and  afier  beating  each  other  for  some  time  with  clubs, 
it  was  agreed  by  both  parlies  (to  prevent  further  alterca- 
tion) that  the  women  should  be  put  to  death,  which  thejr, 
as  they  supposed,  carried  immediately  into  execution  ( 
the  unfortunate  narrator  received  a  severe  blow  on  the 
head,  which  brought  her  senseless  to  the  ground,  and 
while  in  this  situation,  was  scalped  and  left  for  dead  by 
her  savage  enemies  I" 

The  inhabitants  of  Sudbury,  with  a  company  of  sol- 
diers under  the  command  of  Lieut.  Jacobs,  of  Marlbo- 
rough,  alarmed  at  the  near  approach  of  the  enemy  (who, 
to  the  number  of  a'^out  300  were  encamped  near  that 
place)  resolved  to  atiack  them  at  night  j  accordingly 
on  the  6th  September  they  marched  within  view  of  them, 
and  at  night  (as  they  lay  extended  around  a  large  fire) 
approached  them  unperceived  within  gun  shot,  when 
they  gave  them  the  contents  of  their  muskets }  many  of 
th»se  that  remained  unhurt,  being  suddenly  aroused  from 
their  slumber  by  the  yells  of  their  wounded  brethren, 
and  imagining  that  they  were  complete»y  surrounded  by 
the  English  (whom  the  darkness  of  the  night  prevented 
their  seeing)  threw  themselves  into  the  fire  which  they 
had  enkindled,  and  there  perished  ;  but  few  if  any  escap* 
ed— in  this  attack  the  English  sustained  no  loss. 

On  the  95th,  a  considerable  body  of  the  enemy  attack- 
ed the  inhabitants  of  Marlborough,  many  of  whom  they 
killed,  ar4  set  Pre  to  their  houses— a  company  of  Eng- 
lish whc.  had  been  ordered  from  Concord  for  the  d^|i^ 
ot  this  place  were  cut  off  by  the  savages  and  torai^^®* 
Stroyed— two  other  companies  despatched  from  i^^tont 
for  the  like  purpose,  met  with  the  same  fate— it  appcfured 
-  tha*  the  Governor,  on  learning  the  situation  of  the  ufe- 


fbrlunate  inhabitants  of   Ma|9borough,  deipatefied  td 
Iheir  relief  two  companies  under  the  commind  of  CAp* 
tains  Wapsworth  and  Smi^h,  who  before  they  arrived 
at  their  place  of  destination,  were  informed  that  the  say- 
•ges  had  quit  Marlborough,  and  proceeded  for  Sudbury, 
(13  miles  distant)  which  induced  the  English  to  alter 
their  course  and  proceed  immediately  for  the  latter  place 
—of  this,  it  appeared,  thai  the  enemy  had  been  apprized 
by  their  runners,  and  had  lain  a  plan  to  cut  then   off  ere 
they  should  reach  Sudbury,  which  they  in  the  following 
manner  completely  efTected— learning  the  course  which 
the  English  would  take,  they  within  a  few  rods  thereof 
stationed  50  or  60  of  their  number  in  an  open  field,  who ' 
were  ordered  to  retreat  into  a  neighboring  thicket  as  soon 
as  discovered  and  pursued  by  the  Engliah  ;  in  thia  thick- 
et the  remainder  of  the  Indians,  to  the  number  of  about 
300,  concealed  themselves  by  lying  prostrate  on  theif 
bellies-^the  English  on  their  arrival,  espying  the  In- 
dians in  the  field,  and  presuming  them  to  be  but  few  in 
number,  pursued  and  attacked  them,  who  very  soon  re- 
treated to  the  fatal  spot  where  their  treacherous  brethren 
lay  concealed  and  prepared  to  give  their  pursuers  a  warm 
if  not  a  fatal  reception  j  here  they  were  closely  pursued 
by  the  Englisli,  who  loo  late  discovered  the  &tal  snare 
which  had  been  laid  for  them  ;  in  an  instant  they  were 
completeiy  surrounded  and  attacked  on  all  sides  by  the 
savages  ;  the  English  for  several  hours  bravely  defended 
themselves,  but  at  length  were  borne  down  by  numbers 
far  superior   to   their   own— thus  fell   the  brava  captain 
Wadswobth,  and  captain  Smith,  a»  well  ^^  most  of 
the  troops  under  their  command. 

The  Indians  bordering  on  the  river  Merrimack,  feel- 
ing themselves  injured  by  the  encroachments  of  the  Eng- 
lish, once  more  reassumed  the  bloody  tomahawk,  which 
i>»^i  u<._»  u...:^j  r^»  «  M,,*nh#r  nf  vf(arB.-wOn  the  1st  Mo* 


S"^ 


wipber  tbey  $n  •  considerable  body  entered  the  villagH 
of  Cbelmftford  and  #oburn,  and  indiscriminately  put  to 
jieath  effiy  inKabitant  they  contained,  not  aparing  the 
Infant  «t  the  breast.    On  the  9th  they  burnt  the  bouse 
of  a  Mf  Eamis,  near  Concord,  killed  his  wife  and  threw 
|wr  body  into  the  flames,  and  made  ci^ptiTes  of  his  chil- 
dren.—On  the  isih  they  took  prisoner  a  young  woman 
(sixteen  years  of  age)  who,  by  the  f.mily  with  whom 
ahe  resided,  had  been  placed  on  a  hill  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  their  dwelling  to  watch  the  motions  of  the  ene- 
my—the account  which  the  young  woman  gave  of  her 
•apture  and  escape  was  as  follow :— that  »*  on  the  morn- 
ing of  her  capture,  the  family  having  been  informed  that 
»  party  of  Indian*  had  the  day  previous  been  discovered 
in  a  neighbouring  wood,  &he  (by  their  fe<iuest)  ascend- 
ed a  hill  near  the  house  to  watch  their  motions,  and 
^rm   the   femily  it  seen  approaching  the  house  ;  that 
about  noon  she  discovered  a  a«uiiber  of  them  ascending 
th«  hill  in  great  haate,  that  she  immediately  thereupon 
attempted  to  evade  them  by  >etiring  into  a  thicket,    but 
that  the  Indians  (who  it  appeared  had  before  observed 
her)  found  her  after  a  few  moments  search,  and  compel- 
led her  to  accompany  them  to  their  settlement,  about  40 
inilea  distant— it   was  here  they  gave  her  to  nndcisiand 
she  must  remain  and  become  their  squaw,  and  dre*»  an*^ 
cook  their  victuals— that  ahe  remained  with  them  about 
three  weeks,  during  which  time  they  made  several  ex- 
peditions against  the  English,  and  returned  with  a  great 
number  of  human  scalps— that  on  the  night  of  the  6th 
pecember,   they  returned  with  six  horses,  which  they 
had  stolen  from  the  English,  which  having  turned  i^ 
a  small  enclosure  they  set  out  on  a  iiew  cxpedi^t^-^ 
that  she  viewed  this  as  a  favorable  opportunity  to  eacfpe, 
to  effect  which,  she  caught  and  mounted  one  of  tht,  hor- 
ses, and  making  use  of  a  strip  of  Mttit  fl Jl  hrl^tilh^ 


■V' 

*'^:.?'. 


/v^        V 


— M^ 


^etrtted  t  wild  tnd  pathless  |rood,  and  arrived  at 
Concord  at  seven  o'clock  the  mornihg  proceeding,  hav, 
me  travelled  all  the  preceding  night  to  evade  the  pursuit 
of  the  enemy '"-In  like  manner  did  one  of  the  children 
of  Mr.  Eambs  (of  whose  capture  mention  is  made  in 
the  preceding  page)  escape  from  the  Indians,  although 
^  but  ten  years  of  age,  he  travelled  sixty  mjlca  through  an 
unmbabited  wood,  subsisting  on  acrons  I 

pn  the  13th  December  a  parcy  of  Indians  attacked 
and  kdled  several  of  the  inhabitants  of  Bradford.  The 
Governor  pf  MassachuseUs  colony,  for  the  protection  of 
the  defenceless  inhabitants  of  the  Merrimack,  ordered 
the  raising  and  equipping  of  four  companies  of  cavalry, 
to  the  command  of  which  were  appointed  captains  Sill, 

HOLVOKB,  CUTLBR  and  pRENTICKr 

On  the  33d  tfie  above  troops  proceeded  for  the  borders 
of  the  Merrimack,  and  on  the  26th  fell  in  with  t  con- 
aiderable  body  of  the  enemy  whom  they  engaged  and 
completely  defeated—On  the  4th  January,  1679,  Capt. 
Prewtce,  detached  from  the  main  body,  fell  In  with  and 
engaged  about  IDO  of  the  enemy  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Amherst,  whom  he  likewise  defeated,  but  with  con- 
siderable loss  on  his  part. 

On  the  6ih,  a  son  of  the  brave  Capt.  Hoitokb,  of 
Springfield,  receiving  information  that  a  number  of  the 
enemy  in  small  bodies  were  skulking  about  in  the  woods 
bordering  on  that  town,  with  twenty  resolute  young  men 
marched  out  to  attack  them-falling  in  with  a  consjdera- 
ble  body  of  them,  an  engagement  ensued,  which  though 
s^ere  terminated  at  length  in  favour  of  the  English— 
^Indians  being  furnished  with  muskets,   were  unwil- 
«o  give  ground,  and  would  probably  have  remained 
mmr%  of  the  field  had  not  the  English  received  a  rein- 
forcement  which  put  them  to  flight— the  loss  of  the  Eng- 
lish  in  the  engagement  was  6  killed  and  9  wounded,  and 


»»ii 


-^ 


HJ- 


(hat  of  the  enemy  9S  killed,  and  between  30  tnd  40 
wounded.  , 

The  savages  were  no  longer  confined  to  any  particular 
tribe  or  place,  but  in  parlies  from  50  to  500,  were  scau 
tered  all  over  the  thinly  inhabited  parts  of  New-England 
—a  considerable  body  of  their  were  yet  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Hadley,  Decrfield  and  Northampton,  where  hey 
were   continually  committing  their  wanton  acts  of  bar- 
barity—Several  of  the   inhabitants  of  the   towns  above 
mentioned,  duly  reflecting  on  the  danger  to  which  they 
and  their  families  were  daily  exposed,  formed  themselves 
into   several  companies  and  made   choice  of  their  com- 
manders—On  the  4th  February,  receiving  information 
that  there  were  near   200   Indians  embodied  in  a  swamp 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Deerfield,  the  abovementioned 
force  marched  to  attack  them  ;  arriviug  within  view  of 
them  about   d.y-break,  they  discovered  them  in  a  pro- 
found sleep  stretched  out  upon  the  ground  around  the>  • 
fire-the  cavalry  immediately  thereupon  alighted,  and 
after  formmg  themselves,  approached  them  within  pistol 
shot  before  they  were  discovered  by  the  enemy  ;  who, 
being  suddenly  aroused  from  their  .lumber,  and  aston. 

It'i^'l  Ar'^'P"'"**  appearance  of  so  many  o^  iheir 
enem.es,  fell  an  easy  prey  to  the  English,  who,  without 
the  loss  of  a  man,  killed  120  of  them  ;  the  remainder,  aa 
the  onlv  means  of  escape,  having  plunged  into  a  river, 
where  probably  many  of  them  perished. 

Altho«^^ihe  English  atchieved  this  action  without  any 
-Joss  on  their  part,  they  were  on  their  return  uuhappily 
ambushed  by  about  40n  of  the  enemy-the  English  hav- 
ing expended  all  their  ammunition  in  the  late  engage. 
faent,and  being  much  fatigued,  were  now  in  turn  l.kely 
to  fall  an  easy  prey  to  their  enemies,  who,  with  their 

TJLaT"  '"1^T^«^^«'  fc'  '^-  »Pacc  of  an  hour, 
attacked  them  with  the  greatest  «iir^»«« » r  .^- 


l^ngiis^  !t  it  probable  would  hvrt  sunri?ed  this  i)lobd^ 
and  unexpected  attack,  had  1:  not  been  for  the  preaencd 
of  mind  of  their  brtiTc  commander  (Capt.  Holtoki,) 
who  by  a  stratagch.,  succeeded  in  saving  a  part  of  them 
~-Capt.  HoLTOKS  had  his  horse  killtd  under  him,  and! 
at  one  time  was  attacked  by  five  of  the  enemy,  whom  he 
beat  off  with  his  cutUsa  ;•— the  loss  of  the  English  in  this 
unfortunate  action  was  5 1  killed  and  84  wounded,  many 
of  the  latter  si.rvivtd  the  action  but  a  few  days— the  de- 
feat and  destruction  r  f  the  English  in  this  engagement 
was  much  to  be  lamented,  as  among  the  slain  i^ere  the 
heaJs  of  several  families,  who  bad  volunteered  their  ser- 
vices  in  defence  of  their  infant  settlements^ 

On  the  10th  several  hundreds  of  the  encnniy,  encour- 
aged by  their  late  success,  appeared  before  Hatfield  and 
lired  several  dwelling-houses  without  the  fortification  of 
the  town— the  inhabitants  of  Hadley  being  seasonably 
tpprited  of  the  situation  of  their  brethren  at  Hatfield,  a 
number  uf  them  volunteered  their  services  land  marched 
to  their  relief— the  Indians,  as  they  were  accustomed  to 
do  on  the  approach  of  the  English,  lay  0al  on  their  bel- 
lies until  the  latter  had  advanced  within  bow  shot,  when 
partly  rising,  they  discharged  a  shower  of  arrows  among 
them,  which  wounded  several  oi  the  English  ;  but  they 
having  wisely  reserved  their  fire,  now  in  turn  levelled 
their  pieces  with  the  best  effect  before  the  savages  had 
time  to  recover  their  legs,  about  30  of  whom  were  in- 
stantly despatched  and  the  remainder  dispersed. 

On  the  15th  February,  the  Governor  of  Massachusetts 
colony  receiving  information  that  the  Indiaos  were  col- 
lecting in  great  numbers  under  the  immediate  guidance 
of  Philip,  near  firookSeld,  despatched  Capt.  HsKcrt- 
MAN,  with  50  men  to  dislodge  them ;  who  proceeding 
first  to  Hadley,  was  joined  by  a  company  of  cavalry 
ffwiu  IlMFiford— uD  the  Swih  ihey  digcofss^s  and  aSlsek^. 


kd  t  party  of  IndUni  aetr  Lancttter,  thtf  killed  idf 
of  them,  and  took  between  fiftj*  and  sixtjr  of  their  »qmi#i 
and  children  pri<ioneri.~Capt.  Hinchnan  on  hi)  wajr  td 
Bfookfield  diacovered  the  dead  bodiea  of  several  of  hii^ 
countrymen  half  conaumed  by  firef  Who  it  appeared  ha4 
•  few  daya  previous  fallen  victima  to  the  wanton  barbaric 
ty  of  the  la  ages. 

The  scattered  remains  of  the  enemy  being  now  to 
oompletely  harrassed  and  driven  from  place  to  place  bf 
*he  English,  a  number  of  tbem  resorted  to  the  c%;ci\^ 
country,  then  inhabited  by  the  Mohawks  ;  but  (if  kMtst 
being  on  friendly  terms  with  the  English  and  Duct  wifK't 
were  settling  among  them,  were  uuwrliing  to  harbo  'hrj'.: 
enemies,  and  consequently  attacked  a  considerable  body 
of  them  on  the  5ih  March  ;  the  engagefnent  was  aaevere 
one«-->the  fugitive  Indians  being  furnished  with  fire-armsi 
repelled  the  attack  of  the  Mohawks  with  a  becoming 
spirit,  but  were  at  length  overpowered  afnd  completely 
defeated— the  loss  on  both  sides  wa«  very  great* 

On  the  SOih  the  Indiansi  took  a  Mr.  Wills t  prisoner^ 
near  swanzey,  and  after  cutting  off  his  noae  and  eari 
»et  him  at  liberty  !— On  the  aSd  they  made  prisonera  of 
the  family  of  a  Mr.  Barvet,  of  Rehoboth,  consisting 
9i  himself,,  wife  and  stit  children — two  of  the  youngest 
of  the  latter  they  krlied  and  scalped  and  threw  their 
mangled  bodies  to  their  dogs  to  devour  ! 

On  the  3»th,  a  negro  man  who  bad  been  for  several 
months  a  prisoner  among  the  savages,  escaped  from  them 
and  returned  to  the  English,  to  whom  he  p  ve  tho  fol. 
lowing  information,  to  wit  :-»thai  the  enemy  were  co^ 
certing  a  plan  to  attack  Taunton,  and  the  villa|fe»  *Jja. 
cent— that  for  this  purpose  there  were  tteii  ecnbodii!^ 
near  Worcester,  1000  of  them,  at  th4  head  of  #hottt  49i 
PniLtp,  and  that  near  one  hundred  of  ilnem  wertf  ftii^- 
Jibhed  with  firearms— that  a  ftw  ^tkf9  pamiif  XB"  m 


—it—     ' 

«Mpe,  .  .coutine  pariy  ,rri,e,l  .„d  brouBht  in  »ilb 
.hem  .wo  prisoner,  and  three  human  ,oalps  !_To  f™.. 
.rate*e.„ten.ion,ortheene™r.he  Governor  of  M... 
..chuse.,.  colony  dispaiched  ,hreecomp.n,e,  of  cavalry 
for  the  defence  of  Taunlon.  "»airy 

The  English  of  Connecticut  colony,  although  but  lit. 
Oe  troubled  with  the  ene.y  .ince  the  de.rucL  !  tl^l 
Pequots,  were  not  unwilling  to  afford  their  brethren  all  the 
..s.«ancepoa,ibIe  in  a  protracted  and  bloody  war  with 
ih.  common  enen,y_they  accor.iingly  furnished  three 
cnitapan.«  01  cavalry,  who  und«r command  of  the  ex- 
perienced Major  T..COTT,  on   the  5.h  April  proceeded 

.hey  fel  ,„  r,,h  attacked   and  defeated   a  considerable 
body  of  .hem-apparently,  by  the  special  direction  of 
dtVine  providence,  Maj.    Talcott  arrived  in  ti,e   neiL-h 
borhoot:  of  Hadley  in  .ime  ,o  preserv,    the  uL.'^d 

InataH  r^K'""'  """"'"«  "e  of  commcncfng 
•n  attack  when  they  were  met  by  the  Mnjor,  with  the 
.™ops  under  his  command  ,  thi.  unexpected  re"ef  an" 
»...ng  .he  few  inhahitanu  which  the  town  con  i„ed. 
^ey  hastened  to  the  as.i.tance  of  the  cavalry,  w  „  . 
0^1   moment  were  seriously  engaged  with  the  whole  body 

advantages,  victory  f„r  .  considerable  length  of  time  .d 
peared  likely  to  decide  in  their  favor-ffr.nn.  I,    h; 
■nhabiunts   of  Hadley  having  for  their  dcfen  e  a  flw 

.  was  at  this  crittcal  period  loaded  by  .he  women,  and 

"htcn  bei.,g  charged  with  small  shot,  nails,  &c.)  «„ 
b,  the  latter  di^harged  wit!  the  best  effect  upoi  Z 
.nemywhp  immediately  .hereupon  fled  in  every  diti.^ 
..on-.hu.  «  was  ,U.  .he  English  ,u  .  great  ™a,u^ 


—cr- 
owed the  preservation  of  their  lives  ro  the  unexampled 
heroism  of  a  few  women  ! 

The  Governor  and  Council  of  the  United  Colonics, 
takinfj  under  serious  consideraiion  the  miraculous  escape 
of  the  inhabitants  of  H«{l!ey  from  lot^  destruction,  and 
the  recent  success  of  the  arms  of  the  English  in  various 
parts  of  the  country,  appointed  the  37ih  day  of  August, 
1679,  to  be  observed  throughout  the  Colonies  as  a  day 
of  Public  Thanksgiving  and  Praise  to  Almighty  God  ; 
—this,  it  may  be  well  to  observe,  was  the  commence- 
ment of  an  annual  custom  of  our  forefathers,  which  to 
the  present  day  is  so  religiously  observed  by  their  de- 
scendants throughout  the  New- England  states. 

On  the  3d  September,  the  Connecticut    troops  under 
command  of  Major  Talcott,  and  captains  Dennisoit 
and  NiwBURY,  proceeded  to  Narraganset  in  quest  of  the 
enemy,  who  to  the  number  of  about  300  had   been   dis- 
covered in  a  piece  of  woods— the  English   were    accom- 
panied by  their  faithful   friend   Oneco,  with  100  Mohe- 
gans  under  his  command— In   the  evening   of  the   5th 
they  discovered  the  enemy  encamped   at    the   foot  of  a 
Bleep  hill,  on  which  Major  Talcott  made  arrangements  ' 
for  an  attack— the  Mohcgans  were  ordered  by  a  ckcui- 
lous  route  to  gain  the  summit  of  the  hill  to   prevent  the 
flight  of  the  enemy-two  companies  of  cavalry  were  or- 
dered to  flank  them  on  the  right  and    left,  while    Major 
lALCOTT,  with  a  company  of  foot   stationed   himself  tn 
their  rear-having  thus  disposed  of  his   forces  a  signal 
was  given  by  the  Mi.jor  for  the  Mohegans  to  commence 
the  attaj*,  which   they  did   and    with  such    spirit  (ac- 
companied  by  their  savage  yells)  that   had  the  enemy 
been  renowned  for  their  valour  they  must  have  been  to 
the  highest  degree  appalled  at  so  unexpected    an   onset  | 
T-after  contending  a  few  momenta   with  the  Mohegan«> 
^  i»*«w  «««v,av«  uii   inc  ngni  and  icU  by  inc 


— 11— 

piralrjr,  who  with  their  cutlasiet  made  great  havpek  t« 
mong  them  ;  they  were  however  unwilling  to  gire  ground 
.until  they  had  lost  nearly  one  half  their  number,  whei^ 
they  attempted  a  flight  to  a  twamp   in  their   rear,  but 
here  they  were  met  by   M»j.  Talcott,  with  the  com- 
pany of  foot,  who  gave  them  so  warm  a  reception  that 
they  once  more  fell  back  upon  the  Mohegan*,  by  whoii^ 
they  were  very  soon  overpowered  and  would  have  been 
totally  destroyed  had  not   Major  Talcott  human!y  in* 
tcrfered  in  their  behalf,  and  made  prisoners  of  the  few 
that  remained  alive  j— among  the  latter  was  their  leader> 
a  squaw,  commonly  termed  the  queen  of  Karraganbct  5 
and  among  them  an  active  young  fellow  who  begged  t^ 
be  delivered  into  the  hands  of  the  Mohegans,    that  they 
might  put  him  to  death  in  their  own^^oj,  and  aacrifict^ 
.  him  to  their  cruel  g  jnius  of  revenge,  in  which  they  so 
inuch  delighted  l-Thc  English,  although  naturally  a. 
terse  to  acts  of  savage   baibariiy,  were  not  in  this  ia- 
utancc  unwilling  to  comply  with  the  voluntary  although 
linnatural  request  of  the  prisoner,  fs  it  appeared  that  be 
bad  in  presence  of  the  Mohegans  exultingly  boasted  of 
having  killed  19  of  the  English  with  his  gun  since  the 
commencement  of  the  war,  and  after  loading  it  for  the 
SOih  (there  l;>eing  no  more  of  the  latter  within  reach) 
be  levelled  at  a  Mohegan,  whom  he  killed,  which  com* 
pleting  his  number,  he  was  willing  to  die  by  iheir  bands  I 
—the  Mohegans  accordingly  began  to  prepare  for  the 
iragical  event^-forming  themselves  into  a  circle  (adinit* 
em^as  many  ol  the  English  as  were  disponed  to  witness 
'heir  savage  proceedings)  the  prisoner  was  placed  in  the 
centre,  when  one  of  the  Mohegans,  v^ho  m  the  late  en- 
gagement had   lost   a   son.  with  his  knife  cut   off  the 
prisoners  ears  1  then  his  nose  1   and  then  the  fingers  of 
each  hand  '-.and  after  the  relapse  of  a  few   moments, 
dug  out  his  eyei  and  filled  their  socket,*  with  hot  em- 


l^n  I  {—although  the  few  English  present  were  ore^ 
jeome  with  a  view  of  a  scene  so  shocking  to  humanitf, 
yet  tlie  prisonitr  (so  fir  from  hewaHing  his  fate)  seemed 
to  surpass  his  tormentors  in  expressions  of  joy  I'o^when 
nearly  exhausted  with  the  loss  of  bloodi  and  unable  long- 
er to  standi  his  executioner  closed  the  tragic  scene  by 
jbaating  out  his  brains  with  a  tomahawk  ! 

The  few  Indians  that  now  remained  in  (h«  neighbor- 
hood of  Plymouth  colony,  being  in  a  state  of  starvation} 
they  surrendered  themselves  prisoners  to  the  English  ; 
one  of  whom  being  recognized  as  the  person  who  had  a 
few  days  previous  inhumanly  murdered  the  daoghterof  a 
Mr.'CLAHKX,  was  by  order  of  the  Governor  pubHcly 
•xccuted ;  the  remainder  were  retained  and  treated  as 
prisoners  of  war.— By  the  asMstaoce  of  one  of  the  pri- 
aonerS)  who  served  as  guidot  30  more  of  the  enemy  were 
en  the  proceeding  day  surprised  and  taken  prisoners  by 
the  English. 

The  troops  under  the  comnsand  of  Major  BradfokO) 
and  Captams  Mosblt  and  Brattlb,  ob  the  Uth  Sep- 
tember surprised  and  took  150  of  the  enemy  prisoners 
near  Pautuxet,  among  whom  was  the  squaw  of  the  cele- 
brated PxiLip— and  on  the  day  proceeding,  kaming  that 
the  enemy  in  considerable  bodies  were  roving  about  in 
the  woods  near  Dedham,  Major  Bradvoro  despatehed 
Capt.  Brattlb  with  fifty  men  to  attack  them  ;  whO|  the 
day  foUbwing,  fell  in  wkh  and  engaged  about''  lOtlh  of 
them— as  hatchets  were  the  only  weapons  with  wl^el^ 
they  were  provided,  they  made  but  a  feeble  defencct  and 
were  soon  overpowered  by  the  English,  Who  took  74  of 
them  prisoners,  the  .remainder  having  fallen  m  the  action 
-~the  loss  of  the  Enghsh  was  two  krHedand  five  wounded 
— ihe  above  party,  was  commanded  by  a  blood  thirsty  Sa«> 
chem)  called  PonxAat,  renowned  for  his  bodUy  atren^tt), 
which  exceeded  that  of  «ny  of  his  conntrmeU  eitt  met 


■'t*. 


wiih-hc  braycljr  defended  himself  .«  *k    . 
wounded  in  the  brea.t,   and  unThi  '  '"''   *»*'"» 

A  general  famine  noir  nrfvaWSn^. 
in  c.n«q„.^e  bf  bring  S  p"    "d  of  ,7"'         """'• 
Pl.nt  their  land,,  number,  ..Tdl  "PP"""""/  •<> 

g«r  ,0  .urrendei  i^.T^^^Z^'n^'l^r    '""• 

n:fjb^r""'^-----^p"^^^^^^^^^^ 

'ith  .  much  w.rn,er  reCio^  .b~  '^.f  ?,^  "••  "■«"»» 
«"e  ground,  but  being  raUied  b7  h!f"^^  ''  ?''""* 
enced  cbmmander.  C.nf  r„  ,       ' .         "'•'  ""■"  "■?«"- 

"«f«.io„  anS  <,i..„d;ed"J^  .rco:::^"^"  '"'■' 
e.n,.„„ed  .bout  .„  hour  ,„.,  .  qu,  ,erT,he  En  rTT^ 
l^inenkllcd.  and  ia  ^  a  ^^  ^"^  '"*  ^«. 'ish  had 
brarc  co„;lX  1~  ^  "-"« --e  ...ertbeir 
left  .r™-.be  ,„„  ,,  ^'^^^^  «»  TsT ,;:""'"'  "" 
tween60.„dro.o„»ded.  ^^  "died  and  be. 

On  the  20ih,  information  wa.  forwarded  ,h,  r    ' 


long  time  skulking  about  in  the  woods  near  Mouni-Kope 
much  disheartened  by  the  ill  .uccess  of  his  countrymen) 
was  the  morning  preceding  discovered  in  a  swamp  near 
that  place,  attended  by  about  90  Seaconet  Indians  ;   on 
which  the  brave  Capt.  Chusch,  with  his  little  band  of  in- 
vmcibles  were  immcd.atHy  despatched  in  pursuit  of  him 
"p   u.?^^''''  """'  accompanied  as  usual  by  a  number 
of  the  Mohcgans,  and  a  few  friendly  Seaconet  Indipns- 
on  the  SrUi   they  arrived   in   the   neighborhood   of  the 
•wamp,  near  the  border  of  which  he  stationed  several  of 
the  Mohegans,  to  intercept  Phiup  in  case  he  should  at 
tempt  an  escape  therefrom.    Capt.  Chuhch,  at  the  h.ad" 
of  his  l.itle   band,   now  with   unconquerable   resolution 
plunged  mto  the  swamp,  and  wading  nearly  to  his  waist 
in  water  discovered  and  attacked   the  enetny.^The  In- 
dians were  nearly  loo  strong,  but  being  unexpectedly  at- 
tacked  they  made  no  resistance  but  fled  in  every  direc- 
tion,  the  inaccessible  state  of  the  swamp  however  pre*- 
vented  the  English  from   pursuing  them   with  success- 
their  dependence  was   now  upon  their  friend,  stationed  ■ 

feed  so7°?     "  "'^^'"'  '^''  '^°^*  ^"•'»*^"'  ^^"^'^^  «"f- 

report  of^ih  *"  ''r^'""'^  '"^  ?"'  unimproved-.the 
report  of  their  muskets  convinced  Capt.  Chuhch  that 
tW  were  do.ng  their  duty-in  conHrmation  of  whth 
he  was  very  soon  after  presented  with  the  head  of  itt 

sue^r!' «!:  ''  '^^'^''"^  '"  ^"^*"P»'"&  ^°  fly  from  his  pur- 


£■ 


-^la— 


^•n,  the  famous  Philif  !  who  wts  the  projector  in^  \Hi 
•tiga'or  of  a  war  which  not  only  proved  rlie  cause  of  hit 
own  destruction,  but  that  of  nearly  all  his  tribe,  onee  the 
most  numerous  of  any  inhabiting  ?4«;w  England* 

It  was  at  this  important  instant  that  the  English  werfi 
made  witnesses  of  a  remarkable  instance  cf  savage  cus- 
toffl—OvKdo,  on  learning  that  Philip  had  faiJtn  by  the 
hand  of  one  of  his  tribe,  urged  that  agreeable  to  their 
ctistom,  he  had  m  undoubted  right  to  the  borl; ,  and  h, 
right  to  feast  hisvAftlf  with  a  piece  thereof!  which  the 
En^filsh  not  objecting  to,  i.;  dftlibentcly  drew  his  long 
knife  from  his  girdFe  and  wifa  ;  •  i?»  ti  shed  z  piece  of  flesh 
from  the  bleedinjj  body  of  P-M.-^trp  of  »bout  one  pound 
weight,  which  he  broikd  ao«>  vfU,  in  the  mean  time 
declaring  that  **  he  had  mi  Jot  many  moons  eaten  anp  thing 
HfhA  s»g9od  an  appetite  V  Tht  head  of  Philip  was  dc- 
tachtlfrom  his  body  and  sent  (by  Capt.  Church)  to 
Be»ston^^  to  be  preseiitetl  to  the  Governor  and  Council i  as 
•  valuab?'  trophy.  * 

The  few  hottrte  Indians  that  now  remained  whhin  the 
United  Coloinies,  conscious  that  if  so  fortunate  as  to 
evade  the  vigilance  of  the  English,  they  must  soon  fall 
wctims  to  the  prevailing  famine,  fled  with  their  families 
flwr  to  the  westward  \  the  Englfsh  were  disposed  rather 
to  faciiiitate  than  prevent  their  flight ;  having  been  for  e 
number  of  years  engaged  in  a  de»tructive  and  bloody 
•war  with  tbemy  they  w^re  willing  that  the  few  that  re- 
SMined  alive  should  esr«pe  fj  a  country,  so  far  distant 
that  there  was  no  probttLiitty  t»f  their  returning  to  reas- 
•Qme  the  bloody  tomahawk  f-~impres»ed  with  this  idea, 
Md  that  the  enemy  were  compFetely  exterminated,  they 
irere  about  to  bury  the  hatchet  and  ttim  their  attention  to^ 
ag^ricultural  pursukS)  when  by  an  i^T^resy,  they  we!*e  in- 
formed that  the  i;atives  in  the  eastci  i  ?  trt  of  the  country 
<Frovinee  of  Maine}  had  onprovokedly  cHacked  and  kil- 


m 


-ys- 


kfl  a  e«)ii8idi?P|ible  number  of  the  EngUtb  in  that  quw- 
<ier. 

To  <|utt  l*  the  flame  which  appeared  to  be  enkindling 
ki  the  ea«f.;  d^o  Governor  despatched  foar  compaoiea  of 
cavalry  to  the  relief  of  the  unfortunate  inhabitants.— The 
enemy  (who  were  of  the  Kennebeck  and  Amoscoggin 
tribes)  fir»t  attacked  with  unprecedented  fury  the  de* 
fenceless  inhabitants  settled  on  Kennebeck  river,  the 
mofA  of  whom  Were  destroyed  or  dispersed  by  them. 

On  the  3d  November,  about  700  of  the  enemy  attack-* 
«d  with  their  accustomed  fury  (accompanied  by  theii  sav- 
age yells)  the  inhabitants  of  Newchewanniek,  an  English 
aettlement  uituated  a  few  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Kennebeck— before  ihey  bad  fully  accomplished 
their  hellish  purpose,  they  were  surprised  by  the  troops 
lent  from  Boston,  between  whom  a  most  bloody  engage- 
ment now  ensued— the  Indians,  encouraged  by  their  num- 
bers, repelled  the  attack  of  the  English  in  so  heroic  a 
manner,  that  the  latter  were  very  soon  thrown  intodisor* 
der  and  driven  out  of  town,  where  they  again  formed^ 
faced  about  and  in  turn  charged  the  enemy  with  uncon- 
querable resolution  '-the  contest  now  became  clote  and 
severe,  the  savages  with  iheir  terrific  yells  dexteriouMy 
hurled  their  tomahawks  among  the  English,  wtocle  the 
latter  with  as  much  dexterity,  attacked  and  mowed  them 
down  with  their  cutl#sscs  '-each  were  apparently  deter- 
mmed  on  victory  or  death  »-the  English  at  one  moment, 
unable  to  withstand  the  impetuosity  of  the  savages,  would 
give  ground^at  the  next,  the  latter  hard  pushed  by  the 
cavalry,  would  fall  back-thus  for  the  bpace  of  two  hours 
did  victory  appear  ballancing  between  the  iwo  contending 
parties— the  field  of  action  was  covered  with  the  af»Sv 
while  the  adjucent  woods  resounded  with  the  shrieks  and 
groans  of  the  wounded !— At  this  critical  juncture  the 
English,  when  on  the  rery  point  of  surrendering,  were 


Urovidemially  preserved  by  a  slraUgem-^in  the,h.eat   ef 
.'the  action,  Major  Bradford  despatched  a   company  of 
cavalry  by  a  circuitous  route  to  attack  the  enemy   in  the 
rear,  which  had  the  most  happy  effect-the  cncmv  aus- 
pecting  this  company  a   reinforcement   of  the   Knglish, 
fled  in  every  direction.  leaving  the  English  masters  of  the 
field-thus,  after  two  hours  hard  fightm^.,  did  the  English 
obiam  a  victory  at  the  expence  of  the  l.vesol  more  than 
half  their  number  I^their  killed  and   wounded  amounted 
to  ninety  nine  l-the  loss  of  the  enemy  w,s  lujt  ascer- 
tamed,  it  was  however  probably  three  times  greater  than 
that  of  the  English.  ^ 

The  day  proceeding  this  bloody  engagement,  a  lieu- 
tenant  with  12  men  were  sent  by  the  commander  to  the 
place  of  action  to  bury  their  dead,  when  they  were  a  few 
rods  therefrom,  unexpectedly  attacked  by  about    100  of 
the  enemy,   who  had  lain  in  ambush-the  lieutenant  or. 
dered  his  men  to  reserve  their  fire   until   they  cowld  dis- 
ciiarge  with  the  best  effect  upon   the  enemy,  by    whom 
they  were  soon  surrounded  and  furiously  attacked   on  all 
aides  ;  the  savages  yelling  horribly,  brandished  their  long 
inivesin  the  air,  yet  crimsoned  with  the  bl«od  of  their 
counirymen-the   brave  little   band    however   remained 
firnni  and  undaunted,  and  as  the  savages  approached  them, 
tach  taking  proper  aim,  discharged  with   so  good   effen 
upon  them,  that  the  Indians,  amazed  at  the  instantaneous 
destruction  of  so  many  of  theiv  comrades,  fled  in  everr 
direclion-the  English  sustained  nb  loss.       / 

On  the  «th  the  enemy  successfully  attacked  the  inhab- 
ilants  of  the  village  of  Casco,  30  of  whom  they  killed 
and  made  prisoners  of  the  family  of  a  Mr.  Bhacket,  who 
on  the  Jth  in  the  following  manner  made  their  escape: 
•-the^  Indians  on  their  return  to  iheir  wigwarms,  learn, 
ing  that  a  detached  party  of  their  brethren  had  attacked 
witb  success  and  plundered  ih«  village  of  Arowticfc,  t^ 


•  • 


tnjoy  a  s^i^re  of  the  spoil  Jiastcnr d  fo  j^in  4beni.  leaving 
the  prisoners  in  the  cane  of  two  old  men  and  thr^e  squawa 
—Mr.  Bracket,   whose  family    consisted  of  himself, 
Wife,  three  small  children  and  a  negro  lad,  viewed  this  as 
a  favourable  opportunity  to  escape,  to  effect  which,^h«  re. 
quesuid  the  lad  to  attempt  pn  escape  by  flight  whi<;h  (bein(> 
uncommonly  active)  he  easily  effected  ;  the  flan  of  Mr! 
BRACKET   had   DOW   i!s  desired  effcct.  a«  Hlfe  old   men 
pursumg  the  negro,  left  him  and  his  family  guarded  oq^ 
ly  by  the  three  squaws,   whom  (being   iotoxic^ited)  he' 
soon  dispatched  and  returned  the  day  proceeding  with 
his  familf  to  Casco,  where  the  negro  lad  had  arrived 
some  hours  before* 

On  the  I5ih  the  Indians  attacked  the  dwelling  house 
of  aCapt  BoKiTHoN,  and  Maj.  Philips,  situated  on 
the  east  s.de  of  Casco  river-they  having  seasonable  no- 
tice of  the  hostjje  views  of  the  enemy,  the  family  of  ibe 
former  ^s  a  place  of  greater  safety)  had  resorted  to  the 
Aousepftht  latter  a  few  moments  previous  to  the  attack, 
--- The  savages  first  communicating  fire  to  the  house  of 

vrel Img  of  Maj.  Philips,  in  which  there  were  about 
twenty  persons,  by  whom  it  was  most  gallantly  defended 
".the  enemy  had  their  leader  and  a  number  of  their 
party  killed  by  the  fire  of  the  English-dispuiring  of  tak. 
H^g  the  house  by  assault  they  adopted  a  new  plan  to  com- 
mumcate  fire  theretp-they  procured  a  carriage  on  which 
they  erected  a  stage,  in  front  of  which  was  a  barricador 
rendered  bullet  proof,  and  to  which  long  poles  were  at. 

w!r^  .«'';;'  ''  ^'"  '"  '*"^^'**  '"^  '''  '"^«  ^f  which 
wtrc  affixed  every  kind  of  combustible,  such  as  birch 

nnds,  straw,  pitch,  pine,  8cc.-the  Indians  were  sheltfcyed 
by  the  barricador  from  the  fire  of  the  English  white  they 
approached  the  walls  of  the  house  wiih  their  carrlaaW 
ti?c  English  were  now  on  the  eve  of  Hp.^oWJ^-.   ;»u_ 


fortunatiely   one  of  the  wheeli  of  *'  i>|«{^  btiny 

brought  in  contact  with  a  rock,  '  completely 

round,  which  exposed  the  whoir  cod/  oi  Indians  to  their 
lire !— this  unexpected  opporti;  ^17  was  improved  with 
the  greatest  advantage  by  the  English,  who  with  a  fev 
rounds  aoon  dispersed  the  enemy  with  no  inconsiderable 
loss. 

The  day  (Rllowing  the  Indians  attacked  and  set  fire  to 
the  house  of  a  Mr,  W' belt,  whom  with  his  whole  fam- 
ily they  murdered— a  company  of  English  apprized  of 
their  dangerous  situation  marched  to  their  relief,  but  ar- 
rived too  late  to  aff  rl  ihrm  assistance— they  found  the 
house  reduced  to  ashes,  among  which  they  discovered 
the  mangled  bodies  of  the  unfortunate  family  half  con- 
sumed by  fire. 

The  savages,  emboldened  by  their  late  sucr  ess,  ^n  thfi 
20ih  attacked  a  small  English  settlement  on  Piscataqut 
river,  and  s>ucceeded  in  murdering  a  part  and  carrying 
•way  the  remainder  of  the  inhabitants  into  captivity— as 
an  instance  of  thpir  wanton  barbarity,  it  should  be  here 
mentioned,  that  after  tomahawking  and  scalping  one  of 
the  unfortunate  women  of  the  above  place,  they  bound 
to  the  dead  body  her  little  infant,  in  wh'ch  situr  on  it 
was  the  proceeding  day  discovered  7  tiie  Engiish,  at- 
tempting to  draw  nourishment  from  its  mothers  breast ! 

The  Governor  and  Council  of  tfse  United  Coloniesi 
conceiving  it  their  duty  if  possible  to  put  a  final  stoji  to 
the  ravages  of  the  enemy,  in  the  east,  and  to  prflvnt 
the  further  effusion  of  innocent  blood,  despatc'  ^d  Jifl*']oi- 
Wallis  and  Major  BaADFoao,  with  six  coir  m*  un- 
der their  command,  to  r  esiroy  "  root  and  b?  rs  »!» 
common  enerof  — On  the  1st  December  they  arnveo  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Kcnnebeek,  near  where  they  were 
informed  the  main  body  of  the  enemy  were  encamped— 
©a  the  morning  of  the  Sd  ihey  fell  in  with  and   attacked 


i-»f- 


Chem— the  enemf ,  wh«  were  about  800  ttrongt  tppetr* 
ed  diipoied  to  maintain  their  ground  :  they  fought  with 
•II  the  fur»'  of  savages,  and  even  assailed  the  English 
from  the  tops  of  lottjr  trees  which  they  ascended  for  the 
purpose;  ther  were  possessed  of  but  few  fire  arms,  but 
hurled  their  tomabawlis  with  inconceivable  exactness,  and 
checked  the  progress  of  the  cavalry  with  long  spears  !— 
victory  for  a  long  time  remained  doubtfUl— the  ground 
being  covered  with  snow,  greatly  retarded  the  progress 
of  the  troops,  who  probably  would  have  .net  with  a  de- 
feat had  not  a  fresh  company  of  ,tnfanlry  arri'  in  time 
to  change  the  fortune  of  the  day— these  having  remained 
inactive  as  a  body  of  resi  e,  the  commander  found 
himself  under  the  nci  ,ssity  of  calling  for  iheir  aid— the 
enemy,  disheartened  at  the  unexpected  arrival  of  an  ad- 
<^itional  numbc  of  the  English,  fled  with  precipitancy 
io  the  woods— but  very  fc  of  them  however  escaped, 
more    -an  200  of    hero  ined  dead  upon  the  field  of 

actio.  ,  nd  double  f  t  number  mortally  wounded  !— the 
loM  jf  the  Engli  <fas  ?S  killed  and  44  wounded— 
lb  is  engagemen  which  ^vct:  4  decisive  one,  was  of 
the  greatest  importance  to  ar  •  nguih— the  great  and 
arduous  work  was  now  coroiiiei  d— the  few  remaining 
India^^H  that  in  ibiicd  the  eastern  country,  now  expres- 
acd  a  desire  to  bury  the  bloody  hatchet  -nd  to  make 
peace  with  the  x.ngUsh— their  request  wa&  cheerfully 
complied  with,  and  they  continued  ever  aftc  le  faithful 
frien  s  of  the  "^  nglish.  ^ 

Fro  n  this  important  period  (which  hung  the  5ib  day 
of  December,  1679)  ou^ht  the  peace  ^^xt^  f  «  y  of 
the  nowfiourishing  State*  of  ''w.£i*^  u  to  receive 
their  date.—f  wa.  at  this  per?  jd  that  Iyer  h  fdy  si^s  quit 
the  sanguine  field,  and  exchanged  their  i  .me.  »  of 
death  for  such  ^  ere  better  calculatecfo  He|iiij^. 
tion  and  tillsge  of  their  farms— The  lb  e6tt  ^ 


^f8— 

th«y  were  encompaiied,  no  longer  ibounded  with  fierce 
tnd  untutored  savages-the  Indian  death  song  and  wtj-. 
whoop,   was  no  longer   heard^the   greater  part  of  the 
Indian,  that  .urvived  the  many  bloody    ..gaRemen.t,  had 
aoughi  PC  <ce  and  retiremcni  far  west»vard-the  prison, 
era  which  the  English  had  captured  were  liberated  upon 
condmon  of  resorting  to  und  remaining  with  thera-thcy 
proved  faiihft^fo  their  promise,  they  took  possession  of 
the  country  bounding  on  the  great  lakes,   and  in  posses, 
•ion  of  which  their  descendants  remain   to   the  present 
day-a  dcacripiinn  of  whose  manner*   and  customs  will 
DC  found  m  the  proceeding  chapter. 

We  shall  close  this  ^ith  a  few  remarks  relative  »o  ths 
state,  customs  and  ludicrous  opinions  of  u,e  Indians  in 
Ncv,  England,  when  first  visited  by  r  r  forefathers,  and 
ot  the.    rapid  depopulation  since  that  period. 

We  cannot  even  hazard  a  conjecture  respecting  the 
Indian  population  of  Ncvi  England,  at  .he  time  of  its  hrat 
aettlement  by  the  English.  Capt.  Smith,  in  a  mage 
to  this  coast  in  1614,  supp  .sed  ihaton  the  M assachusetta  ' 
•aland,  there  were  about  3000  Indians-all  accounts 
agree  that  the  aea  coast  and  neighboring  islands  were 
thickly  inhabited. 

Three  years  before  the  arrival  of  the  Plymouth  colo- 
ny' «  very  mortal  sickness,  supposed  to  have  been  the 
plague,  or  perhaps  the  yellow  fever,  raged  with  great 
violence  among  the  Indians  in  the  eastern  parts  of  New- 
England.  Whole  towns  were  depopulated.  The  living 
were  not  able  to  bury  the  dead:  and  their  bones  were 
found  lymg  above  ground  many  years  after.  The  Mas- 
sachusetts  Indiana  are  said  to  have  been  reduced  from 
30  000  to  300  fighting  men.     In    1633.  the   ^mall-po^ 

ifirlf  "'^"'J'"'  ""^'^^  '"^'•'^  '»  Massachusetts 

1«  1763,  on  the  Island  of  Nantucket,  in  the  space  of 

four  months,  the  Indian,  were  reduced  by  a  mortal  ,ick.     ' 


nTJ'"""  f  °  '"  ''  *""'••    ^''^  »»•"<«  »'  Providence  i. 
noubie  .„  .he.e  surprising  in.unc..  of  morulity  .moV' 

he  Ind.ans  ,o  „ake  room  for  .he  white,.     Comparauve! 

il    LT.    '"^'''  '^  ""'^  -"^  »"«  de.cen'.nt.of 
he  few  (hat  were  not  driven  to  the  wes.ward  by  .he  Er.». 
lish,  vrastc  and  moulder  awav  and  in  .  «..  n-  ^ 

^. ,     ..  ^*"  *'*■/  ®"«  •»  •  maiiner  unaccount- 

•Die  disappear. 

The  n„„.U„  of  I„di,„.  i„  ,fc.  .,.,.  „,  con„«,|co.  In 

bm  the.   number  „  „„«  do„b.l.,.  much  l.,..„.d.    Th^ 
P  .ncp.  p,„..  .f  .heir  p„p„,au„„  in  .hi.  .....'r.^Ml';! 

g«n,  in  .l,e  coun.y  of  New  London-.he.e  .re  the  de 

n....)-  eogagemenl.  w„h  .he  n..i,e..-The  Mohegan. 
h.»e  ever  exhibited  great  reverence  for  the  de,cei.d.nu 
of  .he,r  ryW^^W-After  the  de.th  of  Unc..  W, 

.WrL"  "T""  ^'^  ■•"  "•'"""  '"  '^"^'•'"•,  and  .he« 
DO.  '     '","'°   "'^'■"'•'■'"X'd  -f  one  of  hi.  for.,_thi. 

w..h!.  d  ""■  "''■'■"•  "'"'»•»  '"h-O""..  .n*i 
•houldbe  .here  buried,  a  req„est  which  ha.  been  stricter 
comp,,d  with  b,  the  Mohegan.  ;  who,  .hhougr.h.  dij^ 

.h^^re'vldrhl"  ''"»""^"-^«  <=-end.nt.cf 
The  number  of  Indian,  in  Rhodel.l.nd  in  ir83,  „, 

h  ei;;;':"!"?-"— '^s-  «- ">" -..'f "r 

n    nr.l  ^'"'■'"'°»>  '»  "■•  oo-n'r  of  Washingto  ,_ 

.h««»nd  four  hundred  and  eigh.y.wo,  „  that  in  nine 
year.  ,h.  d„,..„  ,„  „j„^  ^_^_^^^^^  ^^  fif,y.«„e„._ 
We  h„e  no,  b„„  .^le  to  ..certain  the  .««  .L  of  "he 


—80— 

ft 

In  1784)  there  was  a  tribe  of  about  forty  Indiaits  at  Ko^^ 
ridgewalki  in  the  Province  of  Maine)  with  some  few  other 
scattering  remains  of  tribes  in  other  parts ;  and  a  number 
of  towns  thinly  inhabited  round  Cape  Cod* 

'When  the  English  first  arrived  in  America)  the  Ind'ma 
had  no  time  or  places  set  apart  for  religious  woiship.— - 
The  first  settlers  in  New  England  were  at  great  pains  to 
introduce  among  them  the  habits  of  civilized  life)  ant*  to 
instruct  them  in  the  Christian  religion.  A  few  years  in- 
tercourse with  the  Indians  induced  them  to  establitth  sev- 
eral good  and  natural  regulations. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Elliot,  of  Roxburyt  near  Bostout  who 
has  been  s'yled  the  great /ai/fan  «]bo«t/«)  with  much  ia« 
hour  learned  the  Natic  diaUci  of  the  IiiJiarf  languages* 
He  published  an  Indian  grammar,  at\d  preached  in  In- 
dian lu  several  tribes,  and  in  1664,  translated  the  bible 
and  several  religious  bool^s  into  the  Indian  language.— 
He  relates  several  pertinent  queries  of  the  Indians  re- 
specting the  Christian  religion.  Ainong  otherS)  whether 
Jesus  Christ,  the  mediator  or  interpreter,  coulu  under- 
stand prayer  in  the  Indian  language  ?  If  the  father  be 
bad  and  the  child  good,  why  should  God  in  the  second 
commandment  be  offended  with  the  child  ?  How  the  In- 
dians came  to  differ  so  much  from  the  English  in  the 
knowledge  of  God  and  Jesus  Christ,  since  they  all  sprang 
from  one  father  ? — Mr.  Elliot  was  indefatigable  in  his 
labours,  and  travelled  through  all  parts  of  Massachusetts 
and  Plymouth  colonies,  as  far  as  Cape  Cod.  The  colo- 
ny had  such  £  veneration  for  him,  that  in  an  act  of  the 
General  Ashembly  reiaiing  to  Indians,  t^>?y  expresa 
themselves  thus',  '*  By  the  advice  of  the  said  magistrates 
and  of  Mr.  Elliot." 

Concerning  ttie  religion  of  the  untaught  natives  of 
New  England,  who  once  held  a  plurality  of  deities,  after 
the  arriVAi  of  the  English)  supposed  there  were   only 


-81—' 


three,  bectu?«  they  WW  people  of  three  hinds  o^  cert- 
plexions,  viz— English,  Negroes,  and  themselves. 

.  It  was  a  notion  pretty  generally  prevailing  among  them, 
that  it  was  not  the  same  God  made  them  who  made  us  ; 
but  that  they  were  created  after  the  white  people  ;  and  it 
is  probably  they  supposed  their  God  gained  some  special 
skill,  by  seeing  the  white  people  made,  and  so  made  ihera 
better ;  for  it  is  certain  they  looked  upon  themselves, 
and  their  mathods  of  living,  which  they  say  their  God 
expressly  prescribed  for  them,  vastly  preferable  to  the 
white  people  and  their  methods.  . 

With  regard  to  a  future  state  of  existance,  mahy  of 
them  imagined  that  the  chichun^,  /.  e,  the  shadow,  or 
what  survived  the  body,  would  at  death  go  southward,  and 
in  an  unknown  but  curious  p^ace— -would  enjoy  some 
kind  of  happiness,  such  as  hunting,  feasting,  dancing,  and 
the  like.  And  what  they  supposed  would  contribute 
much  to  their  happiness,  was,  that  they  should  there 
never  be  weary  of  those  entertainments. 

The  natives  of  New-England  believed  not  only  a  plu. 
raliiy  of  Gods,  who  made  anu  govetMed  the  several  na- 
tions of  the  world  ;  but  they  made  deities  of  every  thing 
they  imagined  to  be  great,  powerful,  beneficial,  and  hurt- 
ful  to  mankind ;  yet  they  conceived  an  Almighty  Beir.g, 
whom  they  called  Kichtau,  who  at  first,  according  to 
their  tradition,  made  a  man  and  woman  out  of  stone,  but 
upon  some  dislike  destroyed  them  again,  and  then  made 
another  couple  out  of  a  tree,  from  whom  descended  ail 
the  nations  of  the  earth  ;  but  how  they  come  to  be  scat- 
tered and  dispersed  into  countries  so  remote  from  objb 
another  they  could  not  leU.  They  believed  their  Supreme 
God  to  be  a  good  being,  and  paid  a  sort  of  acknowledg- 
ment to  him  for  plenty,  victory  and  other  benefits. 

The  immortality  of  the  soul  was  universally  believed 
•moner   them.     """ 


When  CmnA    rn»n  JSn^ 


touls  went  to  Kichtau,  where  they  met  with  thdif 
friends,  and  enjoyed  all  manner  of  pleasures ;  when  the 
M^icked  died,  they  went  to  Kichtau  also,  but  were  com- 
manded to  Walk  away  ;  and  so  wander  about  in  restless 
discontent  and  darkness  forever. 

The  natives  of  New- England  in  general  were  quick  of 
apprehension,  ingenious,  and  when  pleased  nothing  could 
exceed  their  courtesy  and  friendship — gravity  and  elo- 
quence disting^uished  them  in  council,  address  and  bravery 
rn  war  ;~they  were  not  more  easily  provoked  than  the 
English,  but  when  once  they  had  received  an  injury,  it 
was  never  forgoiton— in  anger,  they  were  not  like  the 
English,  talkative  and  boisterous,  but  sullen  and  revenge- 
ful.  The  men  declined  all  labour  and  spent  their  time 
in  hunting,  fishing,  shooting,  and  warlike  exercises. 
They  imposed  all  the  drudgery  upon  their  women,  who 
gathered  and  brought  home  their  wood,  planted,  dressed 
and  gathered  their  corn — when  they  travelled  the  women 
carried  their  childien,  packs  and  provisions—the  women 
submitted  patiently  to  such  treatment,  this  ungenerous 
usuage  oi  their  husbands,  they  repaid  with  smiles  and 
good  humour. 

The  cloathing  of  the  natives  was  the  skins  of  wild 
beasts,  the  men  threw  a  mantle  of  skins  over  them,  and 
wore  a  small  flap  which  were  termed  Indian  breeches— i 
the  women  were  much  more  modest,  they  wore  a  coat 
of  skins^  girt  about  their  loins  which  reached  down  to 
their  bams,  which  they  never  put  ofF  in  company— if  the 
husband  ohose  to  dispose  of  his  wife^'s  beaver  petticoat, 
she  could  not  be  persuaded  to  part  with  it,  until  he  had 
provided  another  of  some  sort.  In  the  winter,  thsir 
blanket  of  skirs  which  hung  loose  in  summer,  was  tiei 
or  wrapped  more  closely  about  them— the  old  men  in  ihi 
severe  seasons  also  wore  a  sort  of  trowsers  made  ol  skins 
ftQd  fastened  to  lUcir  girdles,  and  on  their  feet  they  wor« 


■^■• 


,»:'■. 


-93-. 


«iioc«sons,  made  of  moosie  leather,  and  tl^cir  chiefs  ot 
sachems  ivpre  on  their  heads  a  cap  decorated  vith  f^atl). 
,.ers. 

Their  houses  orwigwarms  were  at  best  but  miserable 
fells  ;  they  were  constructed  generally  like  arbours,  op 
small  young  trees  bent  and  twisted  together,  and  so  cu- 
riously covered  with  mats  or  bark,  ih^t  they  were  toler- 
ably dry  and  vyarm— the  natives  made  their  fires  in  the 
centre  of  the  hpuse,  ^nd  there  was  an  opening  at  the 
top  which  emitted  the  smoke  ;--for  the  convenience  of 
wood  aD4  water,  these  huts  were  commonly  erected  in 
groves,  near  some  river,  brook  or  living  spring  ;  when 
Cjither  failed  the  family  removed  to  another  place. 

They  lived  in  a  poor  low  manner,  their  food  was  coarse 
and  simple^  without  any  kind  of  seasoning— they  had 
neither  spice,  salt  or  bread—their  food  was  principally 
the  entrails  of  moose,  deer,  bears,  and  all  kinds  of  wild 
beasts  and  fowls  ;  of  fish  and  snakes  they  were  extreme- 
ly fond— they  had  strong  stomachs  and  nothing  came  a- 
misa!— th^y  Jiad  no  set  meals,  but  like  other  wild  crea- 
tures ate  when  they  were  hungry,  and  could  find  any 
thing  to  satisfy  the  cravings  of  nature— they  had  but  lit- 
tle food  from  the  earth  except  what  it  spontaneously  pro- 
duced—Indian corn,  beans  and  squashes,  were  the  only 
eatables  for  which  the  natives  of  New-England  laboured. 

Their  household  furniture  was  of  but  small  value— 
their  beds  were  composed  of  mats  or  skins  j  they  had 
neither  chairs  or  stools,  but  commonly  sat  upon  the 
ground  with  their  elbows  upon  their  knees— a  few  wo(^- 
en  and  stone  vessels  and  instruments  served  all  the  pur- 
poses of  domestic  life— their  knife  was  a  sharp  stone, 
shell  or  kind  of  reed,  which  they  sharpened  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  cut  their  hair,  make  their  bows  and  ar- 
rows, &c.— they  made  their  axes  of  itonc,  which  they 
shaped  somewhat  similar  to  our  axes,  but  with  the  dif- 


lerence  of  their  being  made  with  a  neck  instead  oi  an 
fv:,  and  fastened  with  a  withe,  like  a  blacksmith's  chis- 
sei. 

The  manner  of  the  courtship  and  marriage  of  the  na- 
tives manifested  the  impurity  of  their  morals.— When  a 
young  Indian  wished  for  marriage,  he  presented  the 
girl  with  whom  he  was  enamoured,  with  bracelets,  belts 
and  chains  of  wampum—if  she  received  his  .presents 
they  cohabited  together  for  a  time  upon  trial— if  they 
pleased  each  other  they  were  joined  in  marriage  :  but  if 
after  a  few  weeks,  they  were  not  suited,  the  man,  leav- 
ing, his  presents,  quitted  the  girl  and  sought  another  mis- 
trees,  and  she  another  lover — in  this  manner  they  court- 
ed until  two  met  who  were  agreeable  to  each  other. 

The  natives  of  New;England,  although  they  consisted 
of  a  great  number  of  different  nations  and  clans,  appear 
to  have  spoken  radically  the  same  language— from  Pis- 
cataqua  to   Connecticut,  it  was  so  nearly  the  same,   that 
the  different  tribes  could  converse  tolerably  together— 
the  Mohegan  or  Pequot  language  was  essentially  that  of 
all  the  Indians  in  New-England— the  word  Mohegan,  is 
a  corruption   of  Muhhekaneew,  in  the  singular,  or  o£ 
Muhhekaneek  in  the  plural  number.  -The  Penobscots, 
bordering  on  Nova-Scotia,  the  Indians  uf  St.  Francis,  in 
■panada,  the  Delawares,  in  Pennsylvania,  the  Shawanese, 
on  the  Ohio,  and  the  Chippewaus,  at   the  westward   of 
lake  Huron,  all  now  sneak  the  sam-    ,uical  language. 

CHAP.  IV. 


OF  THE  DIFFERENT  TRIBES  OF  INDIANS  IN-, 
HABITING  THE  WESTERN  COUNTRY. 

^  WE  shall  now  speak  of  the  Indiana  wlm  occuny  iho 


Juterior  of  America.— Th€y  are  the  descendants  of  tboie 
yrho  once  inhabited  the  sea-coasts,  and  who  were  driven 
by  the  English  (as  mentioned  in  the  preceding  chapter) 
far  to  the  westward,  so  that  but  few  of  their  descendants 
are  now  to  be  found  within  less  than  two  or  three  hun- 
dred miles  of  the  sea :  for  though  many  of  thern  have 
been  instructed  in  the  knowledge  of  Christianity,  and  dis- 
tricts of  land    have  been  allotted  them   in  several  of  the 
British  colonies,  where  they  have  been  formed  into  so- 
cieties ;  yet  it  has  been  found  that  in  proportion  as  they 
lay  by  their  ancient  customs,  and  conform  to  the  manners 
of  civilized   life,  they  dwindle  away,  either  because  the 
change  is  prejudicial  to  their  constituUons,  or  because 
when  settled   among  the  English  they  have  great  oppor- 
tunities   of  procuring  spirituous  liquors,  of  which  both 
sexes  are  in  general   inordinately  fond  ;  very  little  care 
being  ever  taken  to  prevent  those  who  are  inclined  U  lake 
advantage  of  them  in  trade,  from  basely  intoxicating  them, 
for  that  purpose  :  this  has  a  powerful  effect  on  their  con- 
Btif^tioos,  and  soon  proves   fatal,  producing  diseases  to 
which  they  were  formerly  strangers.     Thus  where  a  few 
years  ago  there  were  considerable  settleme>ots  of  them, 
their  name  is  almost  forgotten ;  and  those  who  still  re- 
nain,  have  for  the  most  part,  joined  themselves  to  «»her 
nations  in  the  interior  part  of  the  country,  on  the  banks 
pf  the  lake?  and  rivers. 

The  Indians  in  Canada  and  to  the  south  of  it,  are  tall 
and  straight  beyond  the  proportion  of  most  other  nations  ; 
their  bodies  are  s'rong,  hut  it  has  been  ol^s'jrved  that  this 
is  a  strength  rather  suited  to  endure  <h?  exercise  of  the 
chase,  than  much  hard  labour,  by  .hi  ,-  they  are  soon 
consumed  ;  they  have  generally  supple  limbs,  and  th*' 
smallest  degree  of  deformity  is  very  rarely  seen  amongst 
them.  Their  features  are  regular,  their  complexion 
?ome»vhat  of  a  copper  colour^  or  a  reddish  brown;  their 


« 


—86— 


fcftir,  which  is  long,  black,  and  lank,  is  as  strong  as  that 
of  a  horse.  They  carefully  eradicate  the  hair  from  every 
part  of  the  body  except  the  head,  and  there  they  confine 
it  to  a  tuft  at  the  top;  whence  an  erroneous  idea  has 
much  prevailed  that  ihe  men  of  this  country  are  natur- 
ally destitute  of  beards  ;  but  it  is  unquestionable  that  it 
is  only  an  artificial  deprivation- 

They  generally  wear  only  a  blanket  wrappqd  about 
them,  or  a  shirt,  both  of  which  they  purchase  of  the 
English  traders  j  when  the  Europeans  first  came  among 
them  they  found  some  nations  entirely  naked,  and  other* 
with  a  coarse  cotton  cloih,  wove  by  themselves,  rouncl 
their  waist ;  but  in  the  northern  parts  their  wfcolp  bodiei^ 
were  in  winter  covered  with  skins. 

The  Huran  Indians  possess  a  very  pleasant  and  fertile 
country  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  lake  which  bears  thp 
same  name.    Haifa  century    go  they  were  very  nume- 
rous, and  could  raise  six  or  seven  hundred  warriois,  but 
they  have  suflered  greatly  from  the  attacks  of  neighbor- 
ing tribes.     They  differ  in  their  manners  from  any  of  th^ 
Indian  tribes  by  which  they  are  surrounded.     They  build 
regular  houses  which  they  cover  with  bark,  and  are  con- 
sidered as  the  most  wealthy  Indians  on  the   continent, 
having  not  only  many  horses,   bt    some  black  cattle  and 
swine.    They  likewise   raise  much   corn,  so   thaf  after 
providing  for  their  own  wants,  they  are  enabled  to  barter 
the  remainder  with  other  tribes.     Their  country  extends 
one  .'jundred  and  fifty  milps  eastward  of  the  lake,  but  is 
nat rower  in   the   contrary  direction  :  the  soil  is  not  ex- 
ceeded by  any  in  this  part  of  the  world:  the  timber  is  tall 
and  I  jautiful,   the  woods  abound  wiih  game,  and  abun- 
dance  of  fish  mey  be  obtained  from  the  rivers  and  lakes  j 
so  that  if  it  was  well  cultivated,  the  land  would  equal  tha? 
on  any  part  of  the  sea  coast  of  North- Amerin.     A  mis- 
sionary of  the  order  of  Carthusian  friars,  by  permissio^ 


— «r— 

*f  .he  bi.hop  of  Cnad.,  „,ides  .mon«  them,  .nd  i.  b, 
(hem  .mply  rewardjd  for  his  service.. 

lakes  Champl„„,  George,  and  Ontario,  were  formerljr 
c.led/r^„  but  hare  since  been  known  b,  , he  name 
of     the  five  Mohawk  nation,,"  and  "the  Mohawk,  of 

SenecaV  T  ™"  '"  ""«'  """""agoe,,  Oniades. 

Seneca,,  Ta»caaov,e,,  and  Troondock ,  the,,  fbaght  on 
•he  s.de  of  the  English  in  the  contest  for  territory  with 

^^^\i    p      ^■■"■""'^'''•gan,  and  St;  Franci,  Indian. 
joined  the  French. 

0?™    T        '"^  """'"'  P™''"''"'  »«<="  Major 

and  whc,e  p,ac,d  manner,  and  artle,,  sincerity  could  no 
fad  of  recommendmg  him  to  m.  r.  -vhci,  nature  alone 

amonr'T':';  "r"   "''"'  '"'"'  '"«"»«flndi«.., 

e"b  e'   th     rr'  """""^  ""'"'" '»  >«  "■«  ■»-»'  -""""' 
lake  Sunen  "?'•"'  """  """  •»  '"«  »<»«fcw..,I  rf 

W  ofTr^T"""  °'"'"""  "•«  Winnebag,  <,  h. 
Wo,  |,k,  Michigan,  who  with  the  Saukies,  and  O  U- 

lake  to  the  M«s,«ippi,  below  «•  N.  laiilode,  *here  the 
Ou,con,,„  nver  discharge,  itself..  The  Nandowesse.  the 
»o.    numerous  and  extended  Indian  nation,  inhabit  the 

era"  '"  ""•  "'  '"'  ^'"'""'^•'  »"  ^^^  "-""'Of 

ieoToutv'"?!!'  i."  '''"""  ""  """S"'  •<>  "•«  P»>i«n  of 

very'relva^       "T'    """"«"=  »' "«''  ^"""S  '»« 
very  rady  .tiempt  .he  virtue  of  married  women,  nor  do 

tboulh  r  ?"'.'"="■«""  '•>  «>«  way  of  ,olicit..i„„,  .,. 

P  lu.     iT^"  ""  ""  "'"■""'  '"'  e«.i.ying  their 
P«s«0H,.~It  appear,  to  h»ve  been  i  verv  orevJen.  r.,i.. 


* 

iom  with  the  Indians  of  this  country,  before  they  became 
acquainted  with  the  Enropeans,  to  compliment  strangers 
with  their  wives ;  and  the  cistom  still  prevails,  not  only 
among  the  lower  rank,  but,  even  among  the  chiefs  them, 
•elves,  who  consider  such  an  offer  as  the  greatest  proof 
of  courtesy  they  can  give  a  stranger. 

The  men  are  remarkable  for  iheir  indolence,  on  which 
they  even  seem  to  value  themselves  ;  saying  that  labour 
would  degrade  them,  and  belongs  solely  to  the  Women, 
while  they  are  formed  only  for  war,  hunting  and  fishing ; 
It  is,  however,  their  business  to  make  arms  for  hunting 
and  lines  for  fishing;  to  form  their  canoes,  and  build 
their  houses ;  but  they  fretjucntly  make  the  women  as- 
sist  them  in  these,  besides  attending  to  all  domestick  af- 
fairs, and  cultivating  the  land.  They  have  a  method  of 
lighting  up  their  huts  with  torches,  made  of  the  splinters 
cut  from  the  pine  or  birch  tree. 

The  Indians  have  generally  astonishing  patience  and 
equanimity  of  mind,  with  the  command  of  every  passion 
except  revenge.  They  bear  the  most  sudden  and  unex- 
pected  misfortune  with  calmness  and  composure,  with- 
out uttering  a  word,  or  the  least  change  of  countenance. 
Even  a  prisoner,  who  knows  not  whether  he  may  not  in 
a  f?w  hours  be  put  to  the  most  cruel  death,  seems  en- 
tirely unconcerned,  and  cuts  and  drinks  with  as  much 
cheerfulness  as  those  into  whose  hands  they  have  fallen; 
Thtir  resolution  and  courage  under  sickness  and  pain' 
is  really  astonishing.  Even  when  under  the  shocking* 
lorturt  to  wh  ch  prisoners  are  frequently  exposed,  they 
will  not  oily  make  themselves  cheerful,  but  provoke  and 
irritate  their  tormentors  by  most  severe  reproaches. 

They  are  grave  in  th«ir  deportment  upon  serious  oc- 
casions, observant  of  those  in  company,  respecifui  to  the 
old  i  of  a  temper  cool  and  deliberate,  by  which  they  are 
never  in  hAite  to  speak  before  they  have  well  thought  of 


■ti^^M:. 


—89— 

tb<^  matter,  and  lare  that  the  person  who  spoke  beford' 
them  has  finished  all  that  he  had  to  say.     .  >  their  pub. 
he  councils,  every  man  is  heard  in  hit  turn  according 
as  his  years,  his  wisdom,  or  his  services  to  his  country, 
have  ranked  him.    Not  a  whisper,   nor  a  miimur  is 
heard  from  the  rest,  while  he  speaks:  no  indecent  com- 
mendations, no  illtim'ed  applause.    The  young  attend 
for  their  instruction  ;  for  here  they  learn  the  history  of 
their  nation,   are  animated  by  those  who  celebrate  the 
warlike  actions  of  their  ancestors ;  are  taught  what  is 
the   interest  of  their  country,  and  how  to  cultivate  and 
pursue  it. 

Hospitality  is  exercised  among  them  with  the  utmost 
generosity  and  good    will.    Their  houses,     heir  provi- 
sions  and  even   their  young  women  are  presented  to  a 
guest.     To  those  of  their  own  nation  they  are  likewise 
very  humane  and   beneficent.     If  any  of  ihem  succeed 
ill  in  hunting,  if  his  harvest  ftils,  or  his   house  is  burnt^ 
he  feels  no  other  effect  of  his  misfortune,  than  its  giving 
him  an  opportunity  of  experiencing  thebenevolence  and 
regard  of  his  countrymen,  who,  for  that  purpose,  have 
almost  every  thing  in  common.    But  to  the  enemies  of 
his  country,  or  to  those  who  have  privately  offended  him, 
the  native  American  is  implacable.     He  never  indeed 
makes  use  of  oaths,  or  indecent  expressions,  but  cruelly 
conceals  his  sentiments,  till  by  treachery  or  surprise  he 
can  graufy  his  revenge.    No  length  of  time  is  sufficient 
to  ailay  his  resentment ;  no  distance  of  place  is  great 
enough   to  protect  the   object ;  he   crosses   the  steepest 
mountains,  pierces  impervious  forests,  and  traverses  th6 
most  hideous  deserts;  bearing   the  inclemency  of  the 
season,   the  fatigue  of  the  expedition,  the  extremes  of 
lunger  and  thi-st,  with   patience  and  cheerfulness,  in 
hopes  of  surprising  hrs  enemy,  and  exercising  upon  him 
the  rao»t  shocking  barbarities.    When  these  cannot  be 

m 


tffececd,  the  revenge  i.  left  a.  a  eg.cy,  transferred  fror« 
rneration  lo  g.  er.tior.,   from  father  lo  .„n,  (ill  .„  op. 

fTlT.  ""u  "''''*''''  ''^  *'^«  '"^'«"»  »^"h  their 
fucndsh.p,  or  their  enmity;  and  such  indeed  is,  in  gen. 

•ral,  the  character  of  aU  uncivilized  nations.  They,  how- 
ever, esteem  nothing  so  unworthy  a  man  of  sense,  as  a 
peevish  temper,  and  a  pronene*»  to  a  sudde»  and  rash 

On  the  other  hand,  they  are  highly  sensible  of  the 
utihly  and  pleasures  of  friendship  :  for  each  of  them,  at  a 
certain  age.  makes  choice  of  some  one  nearly  of  the 
same  standmg  in  life  to  be  therr  most  intimate  and  boaom 
"lend;  these  two  enter  into  mutual  engagemencs.  by 
^t>«ch  they  oblige  themselves  to  brave  any  c-aoger  and 
run  any  risk,  to  assist  and  support  eacb  rcher,  Thia 
•uachment  i.  even  carried  so  far  as  to  overcome  the  fear 
«fdea  h,  whieh  they  conside^  .3  only  a  te;^porary  separa- 
«0|),  bemg  i^ersuaded  tha'  ;  ,haU  meet  and  be  united 
m  friendship  irt  the  othe  ..M,  never  to  be  separated 
wore  J  and  that  there  they  ,h..il  need  ofle  another's  at. 
•wtance  as  weM  as  here. 

relliol     t'.  """"V    'f'''  ""'*"'""  of  Buperstitiou. 
religion.    Their  ideas  of  the  nature   and  attributes  of 

,,     "e  very  obscure,  arid  some  of  them  absurd,  though 

hathTr' °^''"^"  ''''  ^^^*'  SP'"^'  and  imagine 
that  ha  more  jmmediatc  residence  is  on  the  island  of  the 

fr.l- V  '•  .      *^  """*  *°  *'*^«  ""^^  »*^««  «h«t  there 
are  spirits  of  a  higher  and  more  excellent  nature  tha* 

f7eQuenl.'"^r*''u*  ***'"  *"  ""'  everywhere  present, 
to  their?.  i''"'  .„,,„,,.^^„^  to  act  agreeable 

Ivi  .lf»    T  J^«y»ke^i»e  imagine  thitt  there  is  a,» 
evU  .pir„t,  Who  they  say  is  .iways  Inclined  to  mischief. 
*  '»«W8  grt&j  .way  in  the  creation;  tfcis  indeed  la- the 


i 


I  "m  honing  ,hcm      •'i.i,   r       "^       "'  "" "''  •I'''-'t 
"     •  -.  cm„id;"ui.  JS    '"""  :""•"  '*"'  ""«  "f 

*"  -r^ .  offc..d':p  ret::"';  -r  "•  -  ""•- 

li.do»„,b.  „i.hton.  b,.'„rbla„u    •      '         '  ""«"* 
'•"P<«<I  ,le.p  .„d   pl«..„,  d„  2      •?"'""«''""'"- 

■■^a  J:  n:«:,:t;  n:r  "i-r-^--  "h: 

»l.at  .her  n,«,.  .bove  .1  o  her  Sr  .''•r"'''''  "«' 

Their  priests  often  persuad..  th.     "'""™«n- 
m.nd  .hem  .o  pursue  .,ch  .^  .uL.  2  '"  ^°'- 

•olve  «,d  i„.e„„,  ,„  ,h.i^  d?e.m.     Th.     *'°''  ""'  '" 
o.h.r  world  ...  pUee  .bound  „T-i.h^  rr'' '' 
Pleatf  of  ererr  thins  d«i»hi!       7  '""hMMible 

'hemo,.f„I,  .nd.xgui'ue»r  rfi  ""■'  ;'"'  """  'W 

«»  meet  de..h  «' h  .ich  """h^'  ""'  '""""'  '"^  """"^ 

th.theh.,bu,.felfco'°  !"■""'''•'  "  ""»«•• 
">■=  6re..e.t  imr  Mi?.":.  him'T  '"  '""  ""'■'  "'"■ 
being  scp,r..ed  from '.,       rr^T,^  "r  ""*""*  °^ 


.•4: 


^. 


^.  \  ^ 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


11.25 


■AS  121    |2.5 

■so  *^"     M^B 

lii  I&&    122 

u    ^ 

\A    11.6 


'^^ 


/I 


% 


^^. 


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7 


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WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

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^ 


leaves  his  dying  advice  to  his  childrenj;  and  takes  a  Tot' 
mil  leave  of  all  hia  friends. 

Thejr  testify  great  indifference  for  the  productions  of 
pn  i  when  any  eurious  piece  of  mechanisnt  is  shown  thein» 
they  say,  "  It  is  pretty,  I  like  to  look  at  it,"  but  express 
pio  curiosity  about  its  construction.  Such  however  is  hot 
their  behaviour  when  they  are  told  of  a  person  who  dis- 
tinguishes himself  by  agility  in  running  ;  is  well  skilled 
in  hunting ;  can  take  a  most  exact  airo^  work  a  canoe 
along  a  rspid  with  great  dexterity  ;  is  skilled  in  all  the 
arts  which  their  stealthy  mode  of  carrying  on  a  war  is 
capable  of ;  or  is  acute  in  discovering  the  situation  of  a 
country,  and  can,  without  a  guide  pursiie  his  proper 
(Bourse  through  a  vast  forest,  and  support  hunger,  thirst, 
«nd  fatigue  with  invincible  firmness ;  at  such  a  relation 
the|r  attention  is  aroused ;  they  listen  to  the  Interesting 
tale  with  delight,  and  express  in  the  strongest  terms 
their  esteem  for  so  great  so  wonderful  a  man*     ' 

They  generatiy  bury  their  dead  with  great  decency, 
and  deposit  in  the  grave  such  articles  as  thie  deceased  had 
made  the  greatest  use  of  and  been  most  attached  to ;  as 
bis  bow  and  arrows,  pipes,  tobacco,  ftcc.  that  h<:  may  not 
pe  in  want  of  any  thing  when  he  comes  to  the  other 
jcountry.  The  mothers  liiourn  for  their  childrlen  a  long 
fime,  and  the  neighbours  make  presents  to  the  fkther  ; 
and  he  in  return  givei  them  a  feast. 

Every  band  has  a  leader  who  bears  the  tltFe  of  SacMM 
pv  chief  warrior,  abd  is  chosen  for  his  ^ried  V4Tof  and  skill 
in  conducting  war ;  to  him  is  entrusted  afl  inflitary'dpe- 
rations,  but  his  authority  does  not  extend  to  civil  affairs, 
the  pre-eminence  there  being  given  to  another,  who  pos^ 
sesaes  it  by  a  kind  of  hereditary  claim,  £od  irhose  assent 
f4ii«ies8ary  to  render  valid  all  conveyances  of  land,  or 
treaties  of  whatever  kind,  to  which  he  affixes  the  ttiar'k 
of  the  tribe  or  nation.     Thoucrh  th^nn  miiitanr  and  ciTii 


^»s-. 


chiefii  are  contidtred  m  the  hesds  of  the  batid«  and  <h4 
latter  is  asuilljr  ityled  kin^^  jet  the  AOiericM  Indians 
consider  themselves  as  controlled  by  neither  civil  nor  mil. 
itary  authority :  every  individual  regards  hink^tf  as  free 
and  independent^  and  would  never  rentmnce  the  Idea  of 
liberty  i  therefore  injunctions  conveyed  in  th^  styl^  of  a 
positive  command*  would  be  disregarded  end  treated  With 
contempt.  Nor  do  their  leaders  assuiiie  an  ascendancy 
repugnant  to  these  sentiments^  but  merely  advise  what  is 
necessary  to  be  done,  which  is  sufficient  to  produce  the 
most  prompt  and  effectual  execution^  never  producing  a 
murmur. 

Their  gjeat  council  is  composed  of  the  beads  of  tr&es 
and  families,  with  such  #hose  capacity  has  raised  them 
to  the  same  degree  of  considerationi  They  mttt  in  a 
house,  built  in  each  of  their  toWtiU  far  that  purpose,  and 
•Iso  to  receive  ambassadors,  to  die!ivel>  thetn  an  answer,  to 
aing  their  traditionary  songft^  or  to  tomnitthorate  the 
dead.  In  the^ie  ^uncils  thiiy  ptopbse  ^H  stich  matters  as 
concern  the  state,  and  whi6h  hMre  befen  alrendy  digested 
in  the  secret  councih,  at  Which  M>ne  but  the  head  men 
assist.  The  chiefs  seldom  s|>eafc  nt^ch  tb«mielves  at 
these  general  mectingsi  but  iikti^m  their  sentiments 
with  a  person  who  ib  catted  their  spieiiken  oi>Orat^,  tbert 
being  one  6(  (his  profession  in  every  liribe  or  town^ }  and 
their  manner  of  speaking  is  natiiral  and  easy,  their  words 
strong  and  espresiivtej  their  «>le  boW,  fifelirative,  ani 
laconic^  wbattevfer  is  told  tending  either  to  ibrin  thto' 
judgment  or  rouse  ihi  passions. 

When  any  business  of  constqaefede  is  trahsact^,  they 
appoint  a  feast  tfj^sn  the  occasion,  of  which  almost  thfe 
whole  nation  paricakes.  BeibrO  the  eritertimmetlc  is  m. 
dy,  the  principal  person  begins  a  afon^  on  the  reinark^ 
•Wfe  evtehts  Of  their  history,  hild  whaliever  ^ay  teilW  to 


tm.    Thejr  alto  have  d«Dc«.,  chiefly  oft  mtrtiti  klnH  . 

P.U,  pri™.,u««l.  .«  „f,.„  d„ij^  thirty  "a*"' 
•T""""  ""f"-!"- with.™.  ,te  ta.w.„.Ji~'«": 
of  a  ganeral  cooneil.     Theie  Drint.  .JLj-.- 

B«i  when  »  «•  bewmw  a  i„tion,|  .fci-  ■.^j,  „,„  . 
«l>«  wiA  great  cfeliberation.  Ther  fir..  ..iT. 
Wrof  .be  «!„».«,  chief  ,„ri!L  ^  -  ...  *■""" 
^  ..ir.  «.a  e«r.  .hi„g  rellS^^Ti  "  'r^,"i::; 
coogrejj.  «B«Ht  .h.  ».r.her«  !,««.„  .„d  ,h.  Fi«T 
i»n.,.h,  .omen  ha«.  „i„  „  ,.,,„  .hemcrwJlV 

puK.  the  afTur  they  h„.  „et  to  «,b,oU  upon,  ,^  ..^ 
..gup the  tomahawk,  Shich  Heaby  him,  „;.tX 
«»"«  m  will  go  and  6gb.  .g,i„«  .„eb  c  na.I  ? 
Who  among  y«.  ,«!  bring  capti^.  f,„m  thence  ^r.; 
pl«.  wr  decMed  friend.,  .bat  our  wrong.  „.,  ^ 

irrS:  •"*•"  ~"»  "«'  •«'  "ononr  mafnta.",;,  ^ 
ll»ng  «•  the  riverp  Bow,  the  irraM  frrows    ri  »k-  . 

-«-  ••»»  t---  '••  Thenar  ST.: '  z t^rrri 

««m»g.  h.rr.ng„e.  the  whole  ...emblyr^  X 
w«d,  «ldr.„inghi„«|f,o  ,te.y„       men,      „„,'^ 
»ho«„onB  <he»  will  g.  .long  with  him,  .^  aRh.  ,h.Tr 

wd  hUm  behind  him.  while  b.  walk,  round  th,  di^I* 
ull  be  » joined  by  a  .ufficient  number.  *' 

Ob  .uch  occation.  they  htye  u>n»ll>  .  j— 
^^  ^aated  .^,  ^  ^l^f^  :£:;;;,"^-J 


ft«»d.«»  d.„c.  begin..  .nd,h.rI7r«7r'- 
•l»«fcl...«hUon  to  ,h.i,  i„,e„d,j  «1Jm»  ^  "«' 
que«,orlo  Ibeit  own  skill    »  "P""**"  and  con. 

'Wrenemie..    Their  exnl"  '  ""'  ""9»'"' 

iY-<>.a.:.HX7hr:::;:r,or'"*''-''»'- 

on.  of .h.„  in  conjnoSt h"  r*"?-  "  "" 
to  excite  one,  who  does  not  im»L-  .  *"•  *  "»•'«• 
•ben,,  ,0  l.ke.  p.r,  i„  Z  iTT'"'^  *'*»■'  "P*" 
h.nd.of  «,melr«.„  y„«nK«rriL  '"""'•'  ''T  «!«• 
P«m.  to  the  per«»  ^^.7.^'  1-  "'"'«  "'  •'-^- 
dom  fcil.  of  producing  th"  . ft*     «?'■;••  •""'  "'• 

they  >end  an  embaasr  with  a  l.«».  k  V.    ,      '"''*  "»'"»• 

•bloodr  halehet.  in«W  th^T         "^  """'""»  "^ 

Wood  of  their  enemij"^  •"""'•  '»"  """"  th. 

The  wampum  used  on  the«<i  m^A    .u 
fore  t|,eir««,„,i„^".'^  *«'••»«  o""*'  occ.,lo„.  fc,. 

•hell.,  ,h,^,he,  pi;j7j''~P««>».  w,.onl,.,„,u 
•he  bank,  of  the  l.te  I.  »  '  "•  **«••  ""l  oa 
akindofcHndrict^i'  ^ilTf^lf ''"'^''  * 
.l«II..  which  a«  esteemS^,::;  IT^  ""  "** 
gold  «re  among  «.  Th.  btacklL,  *"/l  ""'"  "* 
-able  ,  both  of  them  .«.  'w,  ^L*'V  '  """  ^• 
mentt,  answering  ,11  ,h,  e!l*T  "  ""■*•  "O  om,. 
The,  haw  ,ko  .ft  J(  Z^  ,»'  T"''  «».''»»  »— 

■m  .hem  i.o  their  belts^^C  ^t."!"--*.- 
thousand  different  .i«,,  fo,«.  '  JT  •"  '  "  '*" 
o»>r  tobe  ornament,  hr  ev^  ^^  ^fT*  •''  "  »» 


-^96-. 


th«  wMUpum  of  nrioiM  colours  and  shades ;  and  at  they 
arainadesignificantofalmost  any  thing  (hejr  pleasO}  by 
these  their  records  are  kept,  and  their  thoughts  commu- 
nicated  to  one  another,  as  ours  are  by  writing.  Thui 
the  belts  that  pass  from  one  nation  to  another,  in  all  im- 
portant transactions,  are  carefully,  preserved  in  the  cabin 
of  ^iieir  chiefs,  and  serve  both  as  a  kind  oi  reccrd  <»•  his- 
tory, and  as  a  pablic  treasore  ;  hence  they  are  never 
used  on  trifling  occasions. 

:  The  cahuut,  or  pipe  of  peace,  is  of  tio  fesa  impor- 
tancej  nor  is  it  less  revered  among  them;  The  bowl  of 
this  pipe  is  made  of  a  kind  of  soft  red  stone,  easily 
wrought  andhollowed  cmt ;  the  stem  is  of  cane,  or  a 
kind  of  light  wood,  painted  with  different  colours,  and 
adorned  with  the  heads,  tails,  and  feathers,  of  the  moat 
beauttiiil  birdd,  &c.  The  use  of  the  calmut,  is  to  smoke 
either  tobacco  or  some  other  herb  used  instead  of  it, 
when  they  enter  into  an  alliance  or  any  solemn  engage- 
.  ment ;  this  being  esteemed  the  most  sacred  oath  that 
can  be  talent  the  violation  of  which  is  thought  to  be 
most  infamous,  and  deserving  severe  punishment  in  the 
other  life.  When  they  treat  of  wa^',  the  whpje  pipe  and 
aUiM  ornaments  are  red  ;  jometimes  it  ia'red  only  021 
one  aide,  and  by  the  dispofitibn  of  :he  feathers,  &c.  a 
person  acquainted  with  their  customs,  knows  at  first  sight 
the  intentions  or  desires  of  the  nation  who  presents  it* 
Smoking  the  calmut  is  also  upon  some  occasions  and  in 
all  treaties  considered  as  a  aacred  oath,  as  a  seal  of  their 
decrees,  and  a  pledge  of  their  performance  of  them. 
The  sise  and  decorations  of  their  calmuts  are  common- 
ly proportioned  to  the  importance  of  the  occasion,  to  the 
qualUy  of  the  parsons  to  whom  they  are  presented,  and 
to  the  esteem  and  regard  they  have  for  iheonu 

Another  instrument  pf  great  importance  among  them 
jyi  the  tomahawkt    This  ia  an  ancient  waapoui  used  by 


«W»  in  Wifi  before  they  were  tuight  tke  an  ol  thM 
tte  roomof  Ute«»,  but  «ill  u  nuia,  its  lu.  mi  im. 

»m.  r..pec..  «ke  .  h.,ch...  h.Ti„g  .  to„g  b„r,  .te 
he«l,wk.cb... round koob of  «,Iid  wood  cilcuhted  tl 
kBock.B.»doi,»,b„o«  the  other  «.-e  »  point,  bend. 

Z».rh  r*"  •■"  """'•  '  "^  «""..«».« 
whereibe  hendle  pierces  the  head  uothcr  point  p,»iecti 
forw«d,  of.  «».ider.bl.  ,.„g,h,  which  J,„  ^ ,  ^^  J 
Wh  like.. peer.  The  tom.b»,k  i,  .ho  om.mentrf 
wub  p.„„«g  ^  fc„h.„,  ^i.p^^  ^  ».rieB.Te d  1« 

r'lf  .!"■"  I"™' •«•«"»«  to  the  o«c..ion  „d  end 
for  whKh  tker  .re  uud  j  .nd  on  it  is  kept  *  kind  of 
|.«raa,.f.hei,„.,ch..  „d  most  ln.por.L  o«c«r„nf.- 

c^'edrdTh."^."'^  °«'^P""-     Wher.he  c.uncir# 
c^ed  to  d.l,b.r«e  on  w»r.  the  lon..d«,fc  i.  «„k,^  J^ 

»d  wh«,  ih.  coonci.  siu  U  is  l«d  down  by  the  ^l 

.nd  .f  «„  he  eoncladed  .pon.  the  c.p,.i„  of  the  vounJ 

*»i  sing,  the  •«.«,„g.    When  the  council  i.  owe,  thi. 
or  some  other  of  the  «me  kind.  i.  ..„t  b,  the  hwd.  rf 
the  «u«  .„ri.r  to  .„ry  .rfbe  c«.ceroedVwh^  ,1^  h 
Sre.e.,U.b.ltrfw.„p„„,  ^  deliver.' hrL'^'^ 
throwiog  the  tomahawk  on  the  ground,  which  T^  1 
»P  b,  one  of  the  most  .,p.„  l„^^  TLrJ^ 
to  jou,  i  if  not,  i,  U  returned  wiih  «  b^  rf  .h7  ^^ 
Wm  suited  to  the  occwiou.  ""'  '•■»■ 

'lach  nation  or  tribe  has  its  distinct  >•>.:.« ' 
consisting  of  «»,.b.„,.  bi4  .  fab     '^1  f:"*"'" 
N.^«  hare  the  be.r.  otter,  ^..fe.  tortoi's^.n^'^.^r 

.^^bT.r::*of"i.r '•  n  '^""^  *""«<^<^ 

"  ■     •**■!*»•  "  »heie  animals  arc  pricked  Md  r«Ji,r  J 
«»«v.r..p.ruof^beirbodi..    ee^sr.B;'!  :LrC    ^ 


N  M 


— 9ff— 

march  through  the  wood*,  thcjr  at  every  encainpnlelK'/ 
cit  the  figure  of  their  armt  on  the  trees,  especially  when 
thejr  have  had  a  ffuccessfu)  campaign,  that  travelieri  may 
know  that  they  have  been  there  ;  recording  ako  in  their 
way  the  number  of  prisoners  and  scalps  they  have  tnken. 
Their  military  appearance  is  very  lodd  and  terrible.-- 
They  tut  off  all  their  hair,  «accpi  a  spot  on  the  crown 
of  their  head,  and  pluek  out  their  eye>brows.  The  lock 
left  upon  the  head  is  divided  into  several  parcels,  each  of 
which  is  stiffened,  and  intermixed  with  beads  and  feath- 
ers of  various  shapes  and  colours,  the  whole  twisted  and 
connected  together.  They  paint  themselves  with  a  red 
pigment  down  to  the  eyebrows,  which  they  sprinkle  o?er 
with  white  down.  The  gristle  of  their  ears  are  slit  al- 
most quite  round,  and  hung  wi»h  ornaments  that  havo 
generally  thi  figure  of  some  bird  or  beast  dr^wn  upon 
them.  Xhetr  noses  are  likewise  bored  and  hung  with 
beads,  and  theij  faces  painted  with  various  colors.  On 
their  breasts  are  a  gorget  ot  medal  of  bfass^  copper,  or 
aome  other  metal ;  and  by  a  string  which  goes  round 
their  necks,  is  suspended  that  horrid  weapon  caUed  the 
icalping  knife. 

Thus  equipped,  they  march  forth,  singing  their  war 
•ong,  till  they  lose  sight  of  their  tillage ;  and  are  gener- 
ally  followed  by  their  wotnen,  who  assist  them  in  carrying 
their  baggage,  whether  by  land  or  water,  but  commonly 
return  before  they  proceed  to  action. 

They  have  generally  one  commander  for  every  ten 
men ;  and  if  the  number  amounts  te  one  hundred,  a  gen- 
ial is  appointed  over  the  others,  not  properly  tp  com- 
mand, but  to  give  his  opinion.  They  have  no  stated 
rules  of  discipline,  or  fixed  methods  of  carrying  on  a 
war }  but  make  their  attacks  in  as  many  different  wayi 
M  there  are  occasions,  but  generally  in  flying  partieai 
equipped  for  that  purpose. 


adfl  .„d..n  T'**'"™""^*'"'"  chief  govern,  only  by 

condttce.  ^       ""  *"  «">»»'  «"■  their 

.:   Wh«ii  iha  InditM  return  from  .  •»-       ,  . 

three  forwrd  to. cq«.i„, "Sir  Jh^f!  """'  '"*  "' 
me.  .ah  tb.  mo..Zeri.1 11 :  •"'  "■'  "«"«  "'• 

er.  oew  ctahee,  niat  (heir  lie™  >i,k  '^  ""  '"""- 
put  imo  .heir  h^  ^X,';  ,^"'  *  *  J"'™'  «"-".  «<« 
i.il.  of  deer.    Th',  hZ  V     '  .    '""^  '•'""^  *'"'  ">• 

.M.ciUp.,„du.e  whole  village  .,«„ble  .t  .he  w«« 

f»»B  wch .  «rz.   "'^  ^'""•' ' "» •»<> «"« c*" 


-^100~ 


person  ihto  whoM  fomiljr  he  it  (o  be  adopted,  tad  there 
he  is  recehrcd  with  all  imaginable  mailttof  kindceaa;  He 
is  treated  as  a  friend,  as  a  brother,  or  aa  a  husband,  and 
they  soon  love  him  with  the  same  tenderness  as  if  he 
atood  in  the  place  of  one  of  their  friends.  In  short,  he 
has  no  other  marics  of  capWvitjr,  but  his  not  being  suffer- 
ipdto  return  to  his  own  mitioni  tat  hia  attempting  this 
woaM  be  punished  with  certain  death. 

Bat  if  the  sentence  be  deathi  how  dil^Brent  iheir  con- 
duct !  these  people,  who  behave  with  such  disinterasted 
affection  to  each  oUier,  with  auch  teademesa  to  those 
vhom  they  adopt,  here  shew  that  they  are  truly  aavagct ; 
the  dreadful  sentence  ia  no  sooner  passed,  than  the  whole 
village  set  up  the  death  cry  ;  and,  as  if  there  were  no 
medium  between  the  most  generous  friendship  and  the 
most  inhttiAaa  crueky  ;  fbr  the  es^ecutimi  of  Mm  whom 
ffhey  had  just  before  deliberated  npop  admitting  Into  their 
tribe  is  no  bnger  deferred,  than  whilst  they  can  make  th« 
necessary  preparations  for  rioting  in  the  most  ^aboltcal 
erueltf .  They  first  strip  him,  and  fi«tng  two  posts  in 
Uie  ground,  fasten  to  them  two  pieces  ^m  one  to  the 
lather  ;  one  about  two  feet  from  the  ground)  the  other 
about  fife  or  sin  fleet  higher  :  then  obligiog  the  unhappy 
?ictim  to  mount  upeo  the  lower  cross  piece,  they  tie  his 
legs  to  it  a  little  asunder  :  his  hands  are  extended  and 
tied  to  the  Mgka  formed  by  the  upper  piece.  In  this 
posture  they  bumiiim  all  over  the  body,  aometimet  first 
daubing  him  with  pitch.  The  whole  village,  men^  wo- 
men,  and  children,  assemble  round  him,  <every  one  tor- 
lufing  him  in  what  manner  they  plea^e^  each  striving  to  / 
exceed  the  other  in  cii»tlty,  as  lohg  as  he  has  life.  But 
if  none  of  the  bye  itanders  are  inclined  to  lengthen  out 
his  toraients,  he  is  either  shot  to  death,  w  incloled  wil|i 
4«7  bark,  to  which  they  set  fire  j  they  then  leave  him  oh 
^franac,  and  «n  the  evening  run  from  cabin  to  «abpo> 


Ml  tiMr« 

iMt;  H« 
Hidi  and 
M  if  he 
liort,  he 
(  suffer* 
iog  thi« 

leircon- 
iteretted 
to  those 
itfagct; 

lie  whole 
irere  no 
eod  the 
a  whom 
nto  their 
ukethe 
^kbolical 
potts  ia 
i  to  the 
te  other 
mhftppy 
tie  bis 
ted  and 
In  this 
Hes  first 
eii>  WD- 
me  tor- 
Iving  to  Z' 
!e.  Bot 
i«n  wt 
ed  wilfi 
him  oh . 


vnpeietltioiiily  ilrfkiog  with  tmall  twlg^  the  Aimitnre, 
wdb,  snd  roofs  to  pretent  his  spirit  from  remiiniiw 
there  to  take  vtngeence  for  the  et Ui  eemmitteii  on  his 
iKidf  .  Tlie  remainder  of  the  day  and  the  night  feOow. 
JngiB8peBtinrejoich%. 

This  is  tlie  most  wsoal  method  of  ararderhig  theh-  pri- 
■onersi  but  sometimes  they  fasten  them  m  a  single 
Btske,  and  build  a  fire  arootid  them^  at  other  times  they 
erucily  mangie  their  limbs,  cut  off  their  fingers  and  toes 
joint  by  joint,  and  sometimes  scald  them  te  death. 

Whal  is  the  moM  extraordinary,  if  the  sufferer  be  an 
Indian,  them  seeme  during  Ae  whole  time  of  his  execo. 
den,  k  6>meit  between  him  and  hfo  tty^m^ntors,  which 
ahall  oBtdo  the  other,  they  in  fnfiietiog  the  most  horrid 
pains,  or  he  in  enduring  them  i  apt  a  groan,  nor  a  sigh, 
w>t  a  distortion  of  coamenanoe  escapes  him  in  the  midst 
<if  his  torments.    It  is  even  said,  that  he  recounts  his 
own  exploits,  in^itmathem  what  cnieltiea  he  has  infiicted 
«pon  tlietr  countrymen,  and  threatens  with  the  revenge 
that  win  attend  hisdeUth  t  that  he  even  mpreaches  them 
lor  their  ignorance  of  jhe  art  of  tormenting ;  points  out 
methods  of  mom  exquisite  torture,  and  more  sensible 
parts  of  the  body  to  be  i^icted* 
tlie  sc&lps,  those  dreadful  pmefs  of  tt    Sailmrity  of 
•  these  Indians,  are  valued,  and  hung  up  in  i.^it  houses  aa 
the  trophies  of  their  bmvery ;  and  they  have  certahi  days 
when  the  yoong  men  gain  a  new  natne  or  title  of  honor, 
according  to  the  qualities  of  the  persons  to  iwhom  these 
Bcalp»  belonged.    TWs  name  they  tMok  a  tuffident  re- 
gard for  the  dangers  and  fatigues  uf  many  eampaigns,  as 
It  renders  them  respected  by  their  countrymen,  and  ter. 
rible  to  their  enemies.  " 

In  the  late  American  revotetion,  Britain  had  the  inha. 
wanity  to  reward  these  soas  of  btah^rHy  for  depiedatieaa 
i«wimltted  upon  those  who  were  stnigglihg  in  the  cause 


of  ltb«rty  l-It  WM  through  their  instigation  th«c  tkt 
hatchet,  of  .ho  Indian  were  made  drunk  with  Amencan 
blood  i^ihe  widow,  irailrtha  virgin',  .hrick,  and  infant', 
trembling  cry,  wa.  mutick  in  their  «ar..    In  cold  blood 
they  .truck  their  cruel  tomahawk,  into  the  defencelew 
headof  aMi..  MRgAT,  a  beautifuJ  girl,  who  wa.  that 
?eryd,y^p  have  btep  married  l^ihc  FarticMlar.  of  tha 
inhuman  transaction  follow  :-1>reviou.  to  the  late  war 
between  America  and  qreai-Brilian,  a  Briti.h  officer  by 
the  name  of  JoN...  .n  accomplished  young  man,  re.id- 
td  near  Fon  Edward^-bi.  vi.it.  thither  Lame  more 
requent  when  he  found   him.eIfTrre.iMibly TawTby 
charm,  of  nat.ve  worth  and  beauty.    Mi..   MKeat. 
who  e  memory  ..  dear  fb  humanity  .„d  true  affecti  J 
wa.  the  object  of  hi.  pewgrination.,  ^.' 

Mr.  Jov».  Ud  not  taken  the  precaution,  nwcarv  in 
hizardou.   love,  but  had  manife.ted  to  the  lady  by  hi. 
constant  atteniion,  undisaembled  and  ingeniou.  demean- 
or,  thjit  ardent  affection,  which  a  .u.cepUbIe  heart  com- 
pelled her  implicitly  to  return.    In  this  mutual  inter- 
change of  pa..ion.,  they  .u^ered  them.elve.  to  be  tran.. 
ported  on  the  ocean  of  imagination,  till  the  unwelcome 
neceasity  of  t  .eparatioo  cut  off  every  springing  hope. 
The  war  between  Great  Britain  and  America  comnfen- 
ced-a  removal  from  thi.  happy  .pot  was  in  con.equence 
suggeated  to  Mr.  Jowb.,   ae  indispensible.     Noihinir 
could  alleviate  their  mutuah  horror,  but  duly^nolhing 
could  alUy  their  reciprocal  grief,  .0  a.  to  render  a  .epa- 
rate  corporeal    existence  tolerable,  but  .olemn    vows, 
with  the  idea,  of  a  future  meeting.    Mr.  Jombs  repaired 
to  Canada,  where  all  intercourse  with  the  Proviocialt 
was  prohibited.    Despair,  which  preaented  itself  in  ag- 
gravatcd  colour,  when  General  Buroovnk'.  expedition 
through  the  States  wa.  fixed,  aucceeded  to  his  former 
hope..— The  British  army  being  encamped  about  three 


■^w 


-*I03-i 


i&Hei  from  the  Port,  «  detc»nf  «•••  j.n 

which  r..W  .IIbi.ro,rH.«T"  ""■•»'•  "» 
d««.,  which  hi.  hi.  iV  .»:  "!""'  '"  "•  "*""'  "" 
t«Mt  of  her,  whom  rf  In  „T     !    """'  "'"  '"  "•« 

.« i»,„.„ :.  pi.  .:^^„  "";;'':/'-sh.  i,  hi.  high. 

tn.Dd.  to  ihe  conir.r»    h.  L   ?        ""*""  '"''  ">"•■ 

!••»«  .urrendercd.  h.  would  conv.,  *«  t^  '*.''"''' 
Where  ,h.x  „igM  p..oe.b./ni!L!, .  .1^  "'  ' 
"rcmon,.  F.r  from  di«r/di.  ^^  .  ?'  •*""" 
who  could  not  deceive  her  !k    v"  ^       ""'"'  "'  '"'» 

or  .he  Jf«.':;ie.rof  ^'^^trrr"'  "'•  *■•"■"' 

could  no.  „.ii .    „  .„  .  ™  *  ?      ■""oe'oo.  friend. 
W.nd-.hec.».idel.7her.e7    '*"  *•"'•«'-«  h„ 

•ocie.y  ol  .  „r,.B,  ^.ij  /^  ''"''  ''"»•    With  the 
.icsir^  «„Cce.    Mr  W  T"""'  "'"•"  •*• 

«o  whu  he  ;„  h;„ght  r"„e."h  «f "" '"""""  '"- 

co»«y.  hired  .  P.rt/.f ',;;,  rf*;.^;^  :•»'  of  •»"•' 
««  to  Mi..  M  Ki4T.  with  hi.  V    '    •""'  •'«t. 

Po.e  of  carrving  her  .r.h.    ,  "''"*•   '"  "»  P«'- 

Off,  fired  wi.h  r::.  °;l':''";'P?'»^^^    'i-he,  .„ 
«m,  which  w„  to  com..,  rf  .        'j""  ''"""'•«'  P""!^ 

lndi«,  w,.  the  a™^™""^,™  "'"r.  which,  to  .„ 

Jow.  they  .,g.eio„,„  heTupXIe^VT  "'  ""  ""■ 
fc.r.  .nd  .pprehen,io„.  which  TJT  \  ''^'*'"  """ 
•xcil.,  in  .he  .ight  of  te^.™  T  """"^  *»  ">»« 


-^104-^ 


rtvedi  tnd  by  their  atgnt  ^onviaced  her  from  whoon  tkej^ 
hed  their  initractions.  If  a  doubt  could  remain,  it  was 
removed  by  the  letter— it  waa  from  her  loTer*  A  lofib 
of  his  hair,  which  it  contained,  presented  his  maolf 
figure  to  her'glowing  fancy. 

Here,  reader^  guess  what  must  have  been  her  ecsta- 
sy.—She  resolved  to  brave  even  the  most  horrid  aspect, 
which  might  appear  between  her  and  him,  whom  she 
considered  already  hers,  without  a  sigh— the  did  not  for 
a  moment  hesitate  to  follow  the  wishes  of  her  lover  ;  and 
took  journey  with  these  bloody  messengers,  expecting 
Tery  soon  to  be  shielded  in  the  arms  of  legitimate  affe^:* 
tion.  A  short  distance  only  then  seemed  to  separate  two 
of  the  happiest  of  mortals.— A!as  !  how  soon  are  the 
most  brilliant  pctures  of  felicity  defaced  by  the  burning; 
band  of  affliction  and  wo !  How  swiftly  are  the  halcyon 
dreams,  which  lull  the  supine  indolence  of  thought,  sue* 
ceeded  by  the  real  pangs  which  are  inflicted  by  a  punish< 
iog  providence  or  a  persecuting  foe ! 

Having  risen  the  hill,  at  about  eq^al  distances  from 
|hc  camp  and  her  former  home,  a  sectMid  party  of  Ih<' 
dians  having  heard  of  the  captivating  offer  made  by  Mr^^ 
JoNBs,  determined  to  avail  themseli as  of  the  opportuni- 
ty* The  reward  was  the  great  object.  A  clashing  of 
real  and  assumed  rights  was  soon  followed  by  a  forioua 
and  bloody  engs^ennfnt,'  in  which  severjtl  were  killed  on 
each  side.  The  coBlmander  of  the  first  party,  perciHT^ 
ing  that  nought  but  tbe«lady's  death  could  appease  ^c 
fury  of  either,  with  a  tomahawk  deliberately  knocked  her 
from  her  horse,  mangled  her  scalp  from  her  bea".tiful 
temples,  which  he  exiiUingly  bore  as  a  trophy  of  aeirf 
to  the  expectant  and  anxious  lover !  Here,  O  diaap- 
poiotmenty  was  thy  sting !  It  was  with  the  greatest  dii> 
&irity  that  Mr.  Jokes  conld  be  kept  from  total  deliri- 
um.   His  horror  and  indignation  could  not  be  appeaaedi 


tih  itdiont  for  fttvirig^  risked  hi*  most  valuable  (rcift^r^ 
hi  th^  bands  of  lawgei!  drote  him  almost  to  madness. 
When  the  pafiiculafs  of  the  melancholy  event  reicht^ 
Gen.  BcadoTvx,  beo.<^ered  the  survivdrs  of  both  ihes* 
l^artiiesto  rmmediate  ^xeciitfoh. 


CHAP.  V. 


INVASION  or  NEW-YORK  and  NEW  ENGL  *  ND* 

A»J> 

DESTRUCTION  o*  SCHENECTADY,  by  thb 

FRENCH  ^HD  INDIANSi '«  1690; 

■  *'■   ■ 

IN  the  year  1 6^0,  the  MbhawKs  having  made  ieveriil 
Jiiccessfa!  eattJfedltiOrts  rfjraiiist  thi  Canadians,  the  Count 
FtONTEitXc  (ttftaiie  the  dcpresstd  spirit  of  the  latter) 
d^spatchid  seie^al  parties  of  French  and  Indians  to  attack 
the  froiitict  settlements  of  NcwYork  and  New-England. 
AdeiAchihfent  of  nearly  500  French  and  Indians,  unde* 
tfte  command  of  lifocjieurs  P. 'Aillbbout,  Di  Waul*^ 
ind  ht  WAVKti  were  despatched  from  Moirirealfor  this 
putp*)^l^lhey  w«re  foraiahed  with  eve^  thing  necea- 
^try  ^^  ^'mtt*i  campaign,^ Aft«r  a  march  of  twenty- 
•H^od^ya,  they  on  the  8th  February  rsfched  Schenectady 
*^\htf  hfad  on  their  march  been:  so  reduced  as  to  harbor 
tfcoiights  of  surrendering  themselves  prisoners  of  war  to 
(he  Efyglisfa  f  but  their  spies  (who  3»ad  been  for  several 
days  in  the  village,  entirely  unsuspected)  representing  in 
«6  strong  terms  the  defenceless  state  of  the  mhabitanis, 
«»  determined  theih  tomake  an  immediate  aitack.^Tfaey 
fonnd  the  gates  ofien  and  unguarded— ihty  entered  them 
about  eleven  o'clock  at  nighf,  and  the  better  to  effect  thiir 
hellhb  purpose  divided  their  maiir  body  iftto  gevei«l  dii* 
u 


-.106— 

tujct  parties  of  six  or  seven  men  each  •-the  inhabitaftfs 
were  in  a  profound  sleep,  and  unalarmed  until  the  enemy 
had  broken  open  their  doors  and  with  uplifted  tomahawks 
were  surrounding  their  beds  l-bcfprc  they  had  time  to 
n»c,  the  savages  began  the  perpetration  of  the  most  in- 
human barbarities  l-no  language  can  express  the  cruel- 
lies which  were  commiMed--ii»  less  than  one  hour  two 
hundred  of  the  unfortunate  inhabitants  were  Slain  and 
the  whole  village  enwrapt  in  flames  »-A  detail  of  the 
cruelties  committed  by  the  barbarians  cannot  be  read 
without  horror^They  ravished,  rifled,  murdered  an4 
mutilated  the  inhabitants  without  distinction  of  age  or  sex, 
without  any  other  protocatioa  or  incitement  than  brutal 
lust  and  wantonness  of  barbarity  1— pregnant  women 
were  ripped  open  and  their  infants  cast  into  the  flames  or 
dashed  against  the  posts  of  the  doors  1  I—such  monsters 
of  Irarbarity  ought  certainly  to  be  excluded  from  all  the 
privileges  of  human  nature,  and  hunted  down  as  will! 
?c«»ta,  without  pity  or  cessation.   A  few  of  the  inhabitants 
c»c«ped,  and  in  their  shirts  (in  a  severe  and  stormy  night) 
fled  to  Albany— twenfy.fivc  of  the  fugitives  in  their  flight 
perished  with  the  cold.    The  enemy  after  destroying  the 
mhabitants  lulled  «ll  the  horses  and  cattle  which  they 
could  find,  with  the  exception  of  about  thirty  of  the  for- 
»«r,  which  they  loaded  with  their  plunder  and  drove  off; 
When  the  news  of  the  horrid  massacre  reached  Albn- 
ny»  w  universal  fear  and  consternation  seized  the  inha- 
bitants—the country  » jcame  panic  struck ;  and  many  en- 
tertained thoughts  of  destroying  the  town  and  abandoning 
that  part  of  the  country  to  the  enemy. 

A  second  party  of  the  enemy  which  Count  From  temac 
had  detached  from  the  main  body  at  the  three  rivers  (un- 
der command  of  Sikur  Hartel,  an  ofiicer  of  distinguish- 
«d  character  in  Canada)  on  the  18th  February  fell  upoft 
Stlmon  Falls  (a  plaataUon  on  the  river  which  difktef 


»«»■  Hampihire  from  the  proTinet  of  Mrf».\_.i. 
coo.i.,.d  «f  .b.».  TO  men.^,;:;;  "fe'^^r" 
!«.*.»,  s  thqr  commenced  .he  «.,ck  ,,  bre.k  *fT    "^ 

.«rp„«d.  re.  .he,  fled  .o  *.  "at  ^J^'r^rd'uT™' 

•«"  to  march  « the  .h,«„,„„,ice.  "  '"  ""''• 

On  .he  soth  March,  „  a  prop,«d  me..i„g  ,f  Co„ 
""••■oner,  fraa  Ne».York  and  New  En»Un/       . 
w«  proposed  and  adopted  for  bvadi JJ  Si';  '  P^*" 

rj:ir.;;::.:^,td"ar^^^""^^ 

WM  .ent  eipres.  to  England  the  beginning  of  A»rii 
carrjrmg  a  repre«nta.ion  of  the  exp!  "d  Lf  nf'^^K  * 

.t"'"  '""  "••  »-»"r  of  .he  reS  of  Canl- 
•  prayer  w„  «I.o  forwarded .,  hi,  maj«.y  for  Vt^ 

^Tr.nTmTf ""  ""■  •  ■""'-"'^  ft'^'"  - 
«Uc«  the  .enemy  b,  water,  while  .he  colonial  .room 

ff!.r-":r:6r?' »» "■»-•«""  in  ch..f  If  :,:■ 

.  -^  -..«„  «u  arriirea  wun  .be  troops  under  l,te  co^. 


invalid  near. the  fa^U  at  the  head  of  Wood  vjree|c,  early  i^ 
the  KjnoQth  of^  August. 

When  the  aripjr  arrived  at  the  place  appointed  for  t^e 
rendezvous  q(  the  Indiani»  from  the  File  Nations  (whp 
had  engaged  to  assist  the  English)  instead  of  meeting 
with  that  powerful  body  whjcb  they  expected  and  which 
the  Indians  had  promised,  there  was  no  more  than  7Q 
warriors  from  the  Mohawks  and  Qnfidajk  {--When  the 
general  had  adyance^  about  100  roijeSf  he  found  that 
there  we^e  not  cano,es  sujSScient  to  transppct  one  half  the 
English  across  the  lake— upon  representing  to  the  In- 
dians the  in^possibility  of  the  army^s  pa^iQg  into  d^ia? 
da  without  a  ^uch  greater  number  of  paiH»e8,  they  re- 
plied that  it  was  then  too  lutjc  in  the  season  to  make  cao 
noes,  as  the  bark  would  not  peal— in  il^prtf  they  artfi^ly 
evaded  every  proposal)  and  finally  tol^  the  general  and 
his  o£Eicers  that  they  looked  too  high  aqd  ajdvised  them 
only  to  attack  Chambly,  and  the  out  Sj^tlements  on  thi| 
side  of  St.  Lawrence— <thus  did  these  If^iana  (who  a  few 
years  before  had  so  harrassed  all  the  l^rench  and  Indiana 
in  C^ada)  exhibit  the  greatest  proofs  of  cowardice  I— 
the  English  finding  it  impossil^le  tp  crosf  the  lake  with 
ar^vantage, returned  to  Albany,  apdthm,  the  expedition 
failed. 

In  the.  year  1693,  Count  FKOMxjtKAp  %ding  that  he 
could  not  accomplish  a  peace  with  the  Mohawks  (who  of 
all  the  Indians  had  been  by  far  the  most  destructive  to 
t|te  Sfsttlements  in  panada)  determined  on  their  destruc- 
tion. He;  collected  an  army  of  about  700  French  an^ 
Indians,  and,  having  supplied  them  with  every  thing  ne< 
cessary  for  a  winter  campaign,  sent  them  against  the 
Mohawk  castles.— They  commenced  their  march  from 
Montreal  on  the  i5th  January,  1693— after  enduring  in- 
credible hardships,  they  fell  in  with  tfie  first  castle- about 
the  10th  February— the  Mohawks  ijrerp  unprepared  fo^ 


A 


m  l*««*i  Wt  lwi»«  tjJM  iMtt  ivUmatioa  of  tlir  tpproach 
Af  tlip  l?9ii^fUaiMmthe  wi^ngr  Wllad  and  ctpuiscd  about 
«q,of  M>«  MQb«wl^  H  tbia  <Miatl9  and  then  proceeded  for 
the  aecqodt  atniNQh  tktf:  wort  equtlJy  succeisful;  m 
great  part  of  the  Mohawks  were  at  Schenectady  and  the 
remainder  perfectly  secure ;— when  they  arrived  at  the 
third  castle  they  found  about  eighty  warriors  collected  at 
a  war-dance,  as  they  deiigiMd  the  next  day  to  go  upon 

*n  enterprise,  agaiftifcthwrcneariies^a  conflict  ensned,  in 
which  the  Canadians,  after  loaing  about  thirty  men,  were 
victorious  9j|4  lbs  third  castle  was  taken.     The  Canadi- 
ans  in  their  deaqi^ntx  t^k  neatv  three  hundred  prisoners, 
principally  women    and  chiWren.-The  brave  Colonel 
ScavwEa  of  Albany  (recehring  information  of  the  ap. 
proachofthe  enemy)  at  the  head  of  a  party  of  volun- 
tears  of  about  400  EnglUh  and  Dutch,  pursued  them- 
on  the  «5th  February  be  was  joined  by  about  300  Indians, 
and  with  this  force  on  the  39th  fell  in  with  the  enemy, 
irhom  be  found  lodged  in  a  fortified  camp-the  Canidi- 
ans  made  three  successive  sallies  upon  the  colonel,  and 
were  aa  often  repulsed,  he  kept  his  ground,  waiting  for 
provisions  and  a  reinforcement  from  Albany  :~.the  ene- 
my  at  length  taking  the  advantage  of  a  violent  snow 
storm  escaped  and  marched  to  Canada  |-.the  day  fol- 
lowing  Capt.  Sims,  with  a  reinforcement  and  a  supply 
Of  provieion  arrived  from  Albany,  and  the  day  succeed- 
ing the  colonel  reassumed  tbo  pursuit ;  but  the  Canadi- 
ans  luckily  finding  a  cake  of  ice  across  the  north  branch 
of  Hudson  river,  made  their  escape:  they  were  however 
80  closely  pursued  by  the  English  and   Dutch  that  they 
could  not  prevent  the  escape  of  most  of  their  prisoners, 
who  all  (with  the  exception  of  nine  or  ten)  returned  in 
safety  to  their  country.    Colonel  Schutleb  lost  12  of 
his  party,  and  had  19  Wounded— according  to  the  re|»ort 
af  »be  captives  the  enemy  lost  50  men.  five  of  whom 


•bout  ro  wounded.    The  Moh.wka  on  their  retornfooftd 
and  dcfoured,  indeed  .o  g.eai  wa.  their  hungcri 


CHAP.  VI. 

washingtonTexpedition 

Bt  tab  iHDiAHs,  in  irsj. 

IN  1753,  the  French'Iind  Indian,  began  to  make 
mroad.  on  oop  western  frontier,  along  thVohio  Go.! 
ernor  Dihw.i^ik,  of  Virginia,  wa.  very  de.irou.  to  ,^ 

hI  hYhITT'*'"'"  '"  '^'^'  comn^ander  in  chief^ 
He  had  applied  to  meral  young  genUemen  of  hi.  ac- 
quamtance.  but  they  w.re  all  .o  deftdent  in  eourai^  that 
hey  could  not  be  prevailed  on  for  love  or  money'to  ven 
ture  out  among  the  .avage..    Our  beloved  wllH.Ka. 
TOK  happening  to  hear  of  it.  in,t«,Uy  waited  on  hi.  ex- 
cellency, and  offered  hi.  .ervice.,  but  not  without  beii^ 
ternbly  afraid  le.t  hi.  want  of  •  beard  .hould  go  again« 
him.    However,  the  Governor  wa.  .o  charmed  wifh  W. 
inode.ty  and  manly  air.  that  he  never  a.ked  him  a  .yll.. 
ble  about  hi.  age  but  after  thanking  him  for  "a L/* 
jpouiA,"  and  msiating  on  hi.  taking  a  g!a..  of  wine  with 
him,  slipped  A  commission  into  his  hand.    The  next  dav 
accompanied  by  an  interpreter  and  a  couple  of  scrvanti! 
be  set  out  on  hi.  expedition,  which  was,  from  start  to 
pole,  asdiMgreeable  and  dangerous  a.  any  thing  Hcrcu. 
lus  himself  could  have  wiahed.    Soaking  rain.,  chilling 
blafls.  roaring  Boods,  pathles.  wood.,  and  mountains 
clad  in  snows,  opposed  his  course ;  but  opposed  in  vain. 
The  glorious  ambition  to  lerve  hi.  country  Imparted  an 


■■^•*c 


Y^- 


!  — ni— 

«»«n  »  much  «  .he  .n«Il  of  I.,d  w.  J'  '"'  '.T 
of  our  young  hero.  On  hi.  r.,„,„  ^^i  •?  "^  ^»"'" 
fcund  that  he  had  «„„„h  k?  ^"«'»».  «  was 

.*.Fr«.ch.ud;'drrw^  rs:?^!^'- •'•'' 

«ha.  he«cei,ed  the  heanieat  .hank,  rf  ?  '»^J"^«™"«. 

He  «aa  now  (in  Ihc  »oth  Tear  of  hi.  '      » 
n«yor«,d.diutant.eene«l„f  .?  t     .   ^'  "PPoiBtol 
V.er  .bis,  the  Vd"«fcon«LuL?^K     '''"''  *"*"•    ^oon 
4er.  were  given  I^J "he  EnS  «"«"'«'"»"•«. or. 

Withthi,i„„jf„,^j  _ 

»ol  yel  83  year,  of  as.   h»Mi         .'         '^*»Hi»eToi., 
*«.  country. Td,he»t''  ""'i'"  ""'  '■«»  "»  '»' 

«un>her  of  F«nchl''':n;r'^-;!.eX  S^  T 
came  up  with  a  »iron»  nart.  »f  .k  '*«'Slone.  he 

»8.g.d«.de«e..«J^!''d.^,'^j/.t  ?"''•  •'""'  "• 
tUen  .hirty  one  men.    wZTt  """"^  '^"«'  ""O 

Ohio  «».i.  Jrf  „"'ard.  J  .5"''''  '■•■«•  "•  "» 
»>»y  hundred,  of  ?„T  „"  *""""  "^Lr.  «,d 
diaheartening  l^'"*^- , »"«  »o|'""...»ding  .hi. 

o».,  built  a  for,  'V   K  !  ' "'" """""* '"'"•  ««««• 
'     '  "'  •"«  »0«icwly  IgoUuff  for  .» .._ 


-^lli- 


Ivou  New-Tork  atHl  Ptnnsylf aiiii  |  iMit  b«  iMkitd  iH 
vain— nobody  came  to  his  atsistance.  Not  lohg  afldf' 
Ibis  hia  unall  forc^i  ti«w  rtduted  to  thi««  hundt-ed  taeni 
ware  attacked  by  an  army  of  11 00  Freoeh  attd  Indiahsk 
Nevt^r  did  the  tnle  Vi(>glnian  ?al6r  abiae  iMre  ^loriottilf 
than  on  this  trying  ocdaaieA. 

To  see  three  hondred  young  felIow»ii^commanded  hf 
a  amooih-faced  boy— all  unaiicuttoftied  to  the  terrors  of 
vrar— far  from  hoaiet  knd  (torn  ell  ho{les  of  bel^shul ' 
6p  in  a  dreary  wtldemeaa^  nM  son^ittided  by  hnt  timei 
their  minfiber  of  sairage  foes,  and  ^et,  wilheut  sign  of 
fear,  without  thought  of  surrender  preparing  for  ihoftal 
etfiubat*  Ob  !  it  i^a«  a  nobM  sig^ht  l-^Scarofely  sfnce  the  ' 
days  of  Leonidas  and  bis  three  hundred  deathless  Spar* 
tans  had  the  sua  beheM  iU  e<^ah  With  hideout  #hoop« 
and  yells  the  enemy  came  on  like  a  hostoftygers*  The 
woodS)  and-  rocks,  and  taU  tree  tops  (as  the  Indians  climb- 
ing  to  the  lops  of  the  treesi  poured  down  their  bullets 
inta  the  fort)  were  in  (bine  oontiniied  blase  and  crash  of 
fire-arms..  Nor  were  our  young  warriors  idle,  but  «ni^ 
mated  by  their  gaflant  i^hief,  plied  their  rifles  with  such 
spirity  that  their  little  fort  resembled  a  volcark>  hi  full 
blactf  Soaring  and  dhcftarging  thiek  shMta  of  liquid  fire 
and  of  leaden  deaths  amorig  their  foes^  Fur  three  glori* 
ous  hotira,  ^laitiandar  Rke^  inViloped  hi  smoke  and 
flame,  they  aostainid  the  afttUck  of  the  enemy'^  whold 
forte^  and  laid  two  hundred  ot  them  d^d  oiv  the  «pot  !-& 
Discouraged  by  such  desperate  resistahee,  the  French 
general,  the  Cotmt  de  Villi«rs  sent  in  a  flag  to  Was*- 
iNOTOM,  eltollhig  Ma  gallafnftry  to  thi  skiet,  and  ofibring 
him  the  mojK  honorable  terms.  I(  waa  sfiftUlated  tlHit 
Col.  WA'SstNi»toM  and  his  little  band  of  heroei,  ahotild; 
march  away  with  all  the  honors' of  war,  atid  c«rry  lirlt^ 
them  th^lr  mifitary  stores  and  baggag»0^ 

In  the  Spring  of  ITSS,  WAsBiiiotoK,  while  busied  ia 


the  hi^heit  military  operAtiens,  was  sammoncd  to  attend 
Gen.  Braddock,  who  in  tha  month  of  February,  arrtfad 
at  Alexandria,  with  2000  British  troops.    The  Asiembly 
of  Virginia  appointed  800  proTincials  to  join  him.    Tha 
object  of  this  army  was  to  march  through  the  country, 
by  the  way  of  Will's  Creek,  to  fort  Du  Quesne  (now 
Pittsburgh,  or  Fort  Pin.)    As  no  person  was  so  well  ac- 
quainted with  the  frontier  country  as  Washimgtow,  and 
none  stood  so  high  in  military  fame,  it  was  thought  he 
would  be  infinUely  serriceable  to  general  BaADDocK.  At 
the  request  of  llse  Gorcrnor  and  Council  he  cheerfully 
quitted  his  own  command,  to  act  as  volunteer  aid-de- 
camp to  that  very  imprudent  and  unfortunate  general.— 
The  army  near  3000  strong,  marched  from  Alexandria 
and  proceeded  unmolested  within  a  few  miles  of  Fort 
Pitt.    On  the  morning  of  t1»e  day  in  which  they  expect, 
ed  to  arrive,  the  provincial  scouts  discovered  a  large  party 
of  French  and  Indians  lying  in  ambush.    WASBiHOTOVf 
with  his  usual  ihodesty,  observed  to  Gen.  Baioooex 
what  sort  of  enemy  he  had  now  to  deal  with.    An  enemy 
who  would  not,  like  the  Europeans,  come  forward  to  « 
fair  contest  in  the  field,  but,  Concealed  behind  rotkt  andf 
trees  carry  on  a  deadly  warfare  with  their  rifles.  He  con- 
cluded frith  begging  that  Gen.  BAaddock  would  grant  ^ 
him  the  honor  to  let  him  place  himself  at  the  head  of  the 
Virginia  riflemen,  and  fight  them  in   their  own  way**. 
And  it  was  generally  thought  that  our  young  hero  ao4  ^ 
his  800  hearts  of  hickory,  would  very  easily  hav^  beateii . 
them  too,  for  they  were  not  superior  Co  the  foree^  whiclii 
(with  only  three  hundred)  he  had  handled  so  roughly  « 
twelve  month  before.    0ut  Gen.  Bbaddock,  who  hs^wXt 
along  treated  the  American  ofiicers  and  soldiers  with>^> 
finite  contempt,  instead  of  following  this  truly  salutary  a^ 
vice,  swelled  and  reddened  with  most  unmanly  rage.^^ 
"High  limes,  by  W-^  J"  be  exclaimed)  strutUng  ie  and 

P  -!.•'*■. 


fro,  with  arms  a  kiinlbo,  "  High  tim«»  !  when  a  young 
buekskiD  can  teach  a  Brhiah  general  how  to  fight  !"-* 
Washihctgit  withdrew,  biting  his  lips  with  grief  and  in. 
dignatioD,  to  think  what  numbers  of  brave  fellows  would 
draw  short  breath  that  day,  through  the  pride  and  obsli- 
Mcy  of  one  epauietted  fool.    The  troops  were  ordered 
Xajorrn  and  advance  in  €9lunnt  through  the  woods  !  !  •— 
In  a  ttttle  time  the  rain  which   Wasbikgton  hKd  pre- 
dicted ensued.    This  poor  devoted  afmy,  pushed  on  by 
their  mad-cap  general,  fell  into  the  fatal  snare  which  was 
laid  for  them.    All  at  once  a  thousand  rifles  began  the 
work  of  death.    The  ground  was  instantly  covered  with 
the  dying  and  the  dea^.  The  British  troops,  thus  slaugh- 
tered  by  hundreds,  and  by  an  enemy  whom  they  couW 
not  see,  were  thrown  irrecoverably  into  panic  and  con- 
iusion,  and  in  a  few  minutes  their  haughty  general  wifli 
1300  of  bis  l)ravc  but  unfortunate  countrymen,  bit  the 
ground.    Poor  Brabbock  closed  the  tragedy  with  great 
decency.    He  was  mortally  wounded  in  the  beginning 
of  the  action,  and  Washikotow  had   him  placed  in^% 
Ctrl  ready   for  retreat.    Close  on  the  left,  where  the 
weight  of  the  French  and  Indian  fire  prinoipaUy  fell, 
Washihctow  and.  his  Virginia  riflemen,  dressed  in  blue, 
•uatained  the  shock.    At  every  discharge  of  their  rifles 
the  wounded  general  cried  out,  •«  O  mj  brave  Virginia 
Viut  I  Would  toGia  I  eouid  live  to  revardyoufbr  such 
ioUantrj,"    But  he  died.    Wasmhgtom  buried  him  in 
the  road,  and  to  save  him  from  difeovery  and  the  scalp- 
ing knife,  ordered  the  waggons  on  their  retreat  to  irite 
over  his  grave  I— O  God  !  what  is  man  ?  Even  ^tkAng  of 
npwghtU 

Amidst  all  this  fearful  consternation  «nd  carnage^ 
•ipidst  all  the  uproar  and  horrors  ofa  rout,  rendered  still 
more  dreadful  by  the  groaoaof  the  dying,  Ike  screams  of 
tl^e  woiindcd,  the  pittcing  sfarisks  of  the  wom«iv  and  tht 


—  115^ 
yells  of  ifte  furioui  assauhiiiff  ■•«•»«.    wr. 

but  mention  hew  ,»o  »„,  exirLrW  '    "  """"' 

-re  uuereU  .50U.  Mn;ar^"r^*„7:^r«'';'  '•■« 
■■"•  '"""d  out,  look  a  good  deU  liieZTk    ■'         '"*' 

«>««,  w..  onen  heard  to  „e,r  that  w!!L  ""*"■ 

casider.  that .  good  ria'e. ,.« .Xll  p™  *  t"r 

«  /i»  /M..T1-  :  .     •    "  "'*'*  '"""luWe  word.-. 


CHAP.  VII. 

INDIAN^  '  "  """  ^ARS  ""»  T«» 

'WPIANS,  OH  IB,  OHIO,  MOM  1769  to  IM». 


imirrMK  «r  aitiSMir. 


'«V..Jt 


—lit. 


f 


habitation  on  the  Taiiktei  rtver  in  Worth-C«ro« 
^1,  to  waiidcr  through  the  wilderneM  of  America*  In 
quett  oi  the  country  of  Kc  ^uckf,  in  company  with 
iJoBN  Piifiiif  ToHfT  Stuart.  Joskph  (Joloim,  Jambs 
MovAT  and  Wi/  likm  Cool. 

On  the  7th  Junei  after  trarelling  in  a  western  direc* 
tiohiWe  fonnd  ourselves  on  Red  river,  where  John  Fin- 
ley  hud  formerly  been  trading  with  the  Indians,  and 
from  the  top  of  an  eminence  saw  with  pleasure  the 
beautiful  level  of  Kentucky*  For  some  time  we  had  ex- 
perienced the  most  uncomfortable  weather.  We  noiy 
encamped,  made  a  shelter  to  defend  us  from  the  inclem- 
ent season,  and  began  to  hunt  and  reconnoitre  ttie  coun* 
try.  We  found  abundance  of  wild  beasts  in  this  vast 
jforest.  The  buffaloes  were  more  numerous  than  cattle 
m  other  sdtlemehts,  browsing  on  leaves  of  the  cane,  or 
crossing  the  herbage  on  these  ei^tensive  plains.  We  saw 
hundreds  in  a  drove,  and  the  numbers  about  the  salt 
springs  were  amazing.— In  this  forest,  the  habitation  of 
beasts  of  every  American  kind,  we  bunted  with  great 
success  until  December.  . 

On  the  S2d  December,  JoBir  Stuart  and  I  had  a 
pleasing  ramble ;  but  fortune  changed  the  day  at  the 
close  of  it.  We  had  passed  through  a  great  forest,  in 
which  stcr« !  myriads  of  trees,  some  gay  with  blosspms, 
others  rich  with  fruits*  Nature  was  here  a  series  of 
wonders  and  ia  fund  of  delight.  Here  she  displayed  her 
ingenuity  and  industry  in  a  variety  of  fiuvrers  and  fruits, 
beautifully  colored,  elegantly  shaped,  and  charmingly  fla- 
vored ;  nnd  we  were  favored  with  numberleas  animals 
presenting  tlem^elves  perpetually  to  our  view.  In  the 
decline  of  the  y  Tf  near  Kentucky  riv^r,  as  we  ascended 
the  brow  of  t  ifr\  ^  ^  iil^  i-  number  of  Indians  rushed 
out  of  a  thick  -Si ;  IS''  •>«  and  made  us  prisoner^  Tlic 
Indians  pUtnd«C'<;  ^..  «rsd  kept   v,  m  confintmeht  sev^r 


fUfi*    During  thii  we  dlwovered  no  unr  asintw  or  do- 

«»c  brake,  when  .leep  had  locked  up  their  .en.e.,  my 
S^ZL"'  ^'l-^^n^  -  U,  re.,  ,  gent,,  ..okJ  Z 
^^rr^'  ""'  ^"'°'""^  opportunity  .rrj 

fZl  »'  T^*"  ""  '°""'  *°^"''  *»"'  °W  camp,  but 
f^f^jii^.md.r^,a<i  our  company  destroyed  or  di.. 

^  Abnyl  thi.  ti«c,  a.  my  brother  with  another  adventu.^ 
#r  w^o  oama  to  explore  the  country  shortly  after  us,  wa^ 

o7r  cYZ  'T^'k'*  '"^•^'  «hey  accidentaUy  Cd 

s^cL  L  "I"'*"'"^  ""^  unfortunate  circum. 
slMcea,  and  our  dangerous  situation,  surrounded  with 
hoitiie  aavage.,  our  meeting  fortunately  In  the  wilder- 
fiesi,  gave  us  the  most  sensible  satisfaction. 

^nVZ^I'tV^"'  «ny  companion  in  captivity,  John  Stu- 
A«T.  wat  killed  oy  the  savages,  and  the  man  who  cane 
^th  mj  brother  (while  on  a  private  excursion)  was  soon 
•fter  attM:ked  and  killed  by  the  wolrea.  We  wene  noj 
in  a  dangerous  «nd  helpless  situation,  exposed  daily  to 
per  Is  and  death,  among  savages  and  wild  beasts,  not  a 
wnite  man  in  *hc  country  but  ourselvea, 

Although  many  hundred  milea  from  our  iamiliea  in    ' 
the  howhng  Wilderness,  we  did  not  coniinue  in  a  aute  of 
indoknce,  but  hunted  every  day,  and  prepared  a  Utile 
cottage  4o  defend  «s  from  the  winter  atorms.    We  met 
Wit!-  -h    disturbance  during  the  winter.    On  the  Jst  of 
^«y»  irro,  my  brother  returned  home  for  a  new  recruit 
ot  horses  and  ammunition,  leaving  me  alone,   without 
bread,  salt,  or  sugar,  or  even  a  horse  or  a  dog.-I  pas- 
scci  a  few  daya^uncomfortably^the  .dea  of  a  beloved  wife 
arKl  family,  wid  their  anxiety  on  ir.y  account,  would  have 
iisposed  me  to  anelancholy  if  I  had  further  indulged  the 
shwghii.  , 


— 118-^ 


One  dpy  I  undertook  a  tour  through  the  countiy,  when 
the  diversity  and  beauties  of  Aature  I  met  with  in  this 
charming  season,  expelled  every  gloomy  thought.    Just 
at  the  close  of  the  day,  the  gentle  gales  ceased  j  a  pro- 
found calm  ensued  ;  not  a  breath  shook  the  tremulous 
leaf.    I  had  gained  the  summit  of  a  commanding  ridge, 
and  looking  around  wiih  astonbhing  delight  beheld  the 
ample  plains  and  beauteous  tracts  below.    On  one  hantK 
I  surveyed  the  famous  Ohio  rolling  in  iilent  dignity,  and 
marking  the  western  boundary  of  Kentucky  with  iacon- 
ceivable  grandeur.     At  a  vast  distance  I  beheld  the 
mountains  lift  their  venerable  brows  and  penetrate  the 
clouds.    All  things  were  still.    I  kindled  a  fire  near  a 
fountain  of  sweet  water,  and  feasted  on  the  line  of  a 
buck  which  I  had  killed  a  few  hours  before.    The  shades 
of  night  soon  overspread  the  hemisphere,  and  the  earth 
aetmed  to  gasp  after  the  hovering  moisture.    At  a  di«^ 
tanice  I  frequently  heard  theliideous  yells  of  savages.-* 
My  excursion  had  /aligned  my  body  and  amused  my 
mind.    I  laid  me  down  to  sleep,  and  awoke  not  until  the 
sun  had  chased  away  the  night.    I  continued  thai  tour 
and  in  a  few  days  explored  a  considei'aWe  part  of  the 
country,  each  day  equally  pleased  as  the  first;  after 
which  I  returned  to  my  old  camp,  which  had  not  been 
disturbed  in  my  absence.    I  did  not  confine  my  lodging 
to  it,  but  often  reposed  in  thick  cane  brakes  to  avoid  tho 
savages,  who  I  belie  re  frequently  visited  my  camp,  but 
fortunately  for  me,  in  my  absence.    No  populous  city 
with  all  its  varieties  of  commerce  and  stately  structures, 
could  afford  so  much  pleasure  to  toy  mind,  as  the  beau- 
tics  of  nature  I  found  in  this  country. 

Until  the  2rth  July,  I  spent  the  tim^  in  an  uninter- 
rupted scene  of  sykan  pleasures^  when  my  brother,,  to 
my  great  felicity,  met  me,  according  to  appo'ntment«t 
our  old  camp.    Soon  alter  we  left  the  place  and  proceed- 


r 


— 119<U 

determined  to  bnng  ihem  a.  .„™  "^  *""'''  ""'"R 

«f  my  life  .nd  fortunl.to  .^  l*^  r  ■"'''"*' «  "»  "»k 
teemed  .  ..cond  p.X  *"""'"'''  **'"'  ^  «- 

On  my  return  I  found  mv  r>i>.!i>  :_  .. 

•'""ce,.    1  .ord  my  f„m  on  the  y  1        ?"'  "='"=""■• 

w.  could  no,  c.rr/wi.h  „,  Vnd  c^ZVj:^  ^ "  ''^• 

ma,  we  took  leave  of  our  friendsJM  „        September. 

JO-rney  u.  Kentucky,  i„  J^^MlT^'r  ""  '"" 

•nd  forty  men  that  joined  ns  in  pjl  ,„  ?  """^  f«m'«es. 

1^0  mile.f™m  .he'new  set ,  "d  p^  '  J^f  V'''*  « 
>l««  promising  beginninewa.  «,on    .     Kentucky  i-bnt- 
of  «I»er»ity.  ^        "°"  ""■<=»"  *ill> «  cloud 

On  (he  loih  October  the  rear  „f  ™ 
«a«ked  by  a  party  of  Ind  ans   wh^  kmL"'.""'""'  '"  «■ 
ed  one  man.    Of  the.e  nlZ  .  ""'  """^  *°""<1- 

m  .be  action.    Though  we  J^lTl ""'  ""»'  "««  f'«' 
m"..ppra«!ur  scaue^d  o„,  c'te    'dV"'?'  ^"  ""' 
extreme  difficulir-we  reZ., 'i  r  ""«''"  "'  '"to 

"emen,  on  Clen'ch^vTr  "we  h7  """  '"  ""  «'' 
mountain,.  Powell'.  .„d  wJZ.,  T'""  "'"  "«• 
i»e  Cumberland  mounui^^l "  '""  T"  "•■'""'"'■ 
overtook  u..    TheM  JT  .  -  *"  •''""o  fortune 

pas-ing  fro,;  th^^"  .«rn^™.'. -'»  '!«  ""■•e™,,.,'": 

*«  «»ged  in  a  «H«h„Sr.h^"!'r  """"""'''• 
great  length  and  breaHri.  Ta  """'"'  <"ireciion,  .le  >jf 

«ber.  Ov.r"em„t^;^V"?  "f""'  '""»•«'' 
««Jt  U,.n  might  te  e«rrJ^l.  ?**'  <""«'  '"'  *«- 
pita.  The  fsp.«  of  ?hT cfr  ""  ^-^Of '"ch  huge 
«■».  i.i.  impo.^ble7oth:,d  w~  ^Th*'"."^  ""■"< 

VbUI  the  6th  June,  irr*  r  *?  •   ?°"'  """"• 
»  'he  Clinch.  »he»  1  .«i  1„  Jr""*^  *'"'  »''  '^•'r 


^**^i,- 


-.190— 

bcr  of  surveyor*  to  the  falls  of  Ohio.    This  was  a  toOf 
of  800  miles,  and  took  us  sixty-two  days. 

On  my  return,  Got.  Dummore  gave  me  the  command 
of  three  garrisons  during  the  campaign  •g«wt  Jhe 
<iK«».ni.«  In  March,  1775,  at  the  sohcitation  of  a 
'  rr  rge^,^^^^  of  North.Ca  olina.  I  attended  their 
"reaty  at  Wataga,  with  the  Cherokee  Ind.ans,  t«  purchase 
the  lands  on  the  south  side  of  Kentucky  nver.  After  this 
I  undenook  to  mark  out  a  road  in  the  best  passage  from 
the  settlements  through  the  wilderness  to  Kentucky.     ^ 

Having  collected  a  number  of  emerprising  men  well 
armed,  I  soon  began  this  work-we  proceeded  until  we 
came  within  fifteen  miles  of  where  Boonsborough  now 
stands,  where  the  Indians  attacked  us,  and  killed  two 
and  wounded  two  more  of  our  party.  This  was  on  the 
sad  March,  1775-twodays  after  we  were  agam  attacked 
bJlihiVvWien  we  had  two  more  killed  and  three  wound- 
ed.    After  this  we  proceeded  on  to  Kentucky  nver  with- 

out  further  opposition.  .     ,   .   r  «    „*_ 

On  the  Ist  April  we  began  to  e«ct  the  fort  of  Boons- 
borough,  at  a  salt  lick,  sixty  yar^i  from  the  river  on  the 
iouth  side.  On  the  4th  the  Indians  killed  one  of  our 
men.'  On  the  Uth  of  June,  hating  completed  the  fort, 
i  returned  to  my  family  on  the  Clinch,  and  whom  I  soon 
after  removed  to  the  fort-my  wife  and  daughter  were 
supposed  to  be  the  first  white  women  that  ever  stood  upr 
on  the  banks  of  Kentucky  river  ! 

On  the  24th  December  the  Indians  killed  one  of  cur 
men  and  wounded  another ;  and  on  the  15th  Jul/,  177«, 
Ly  took  my  daughter  prisoner-l  immediately  pursued 
them  with  eight  men,  and  on  the  16th  overtook  and  en- 
«aged  them.  I  killed  two  of  them  and  recovered  my 

^ThTlndians  having  divided  themselves  into  several 
Mrties.  attacked  on  oiy  day  aU  our  infant  settlements 


It 


T 


ttour 

MAtDd 

ist  the 

»  of  *  , 
d  their 

irchase 

ter  this 

(e  from 

iky* 

:n  well 

iniU  vre 

ghnow 

ed  two 

on  the 
ittacked 

wound- 
sr  with- 

'  Boons- 
r  on  the 
i  of  our 
the  forti 
n  I  soon 
ter  were 
tood  up* 

le  of  our 

'  pursued 
c  and  en- 
rercd  tay 

to  several 
ittleroeotft 


M  ferti,  doing  a  gnat  deal  of  damage-the  husband, 
men  were  ambushed  and  unexpectedly  attacked  while 
toihog  in  the  field.  They  continued  this  kind  of  war. 
fere  until  the  15th  April  I77r,  when  nearly  100  of  them 
attacked  the  village  of  Boonsborough,  and  killed  a  iHim. 
her  of  Its  inhabitants.  On  the  I9ih  Colonel  Lo6aii'. 
fort  was  attacked  by  200  Indians-lihere  w«re  only  1^ 
men  in  the  fort,  of  whom  the  enemy  killed  two  and 
Wounded  one. 

On  the  20th  August  Col.  BowkAiir  arrived  with  100 
men  frcm  Virginia,  With  which  additional  force  we  had 
almost  :!  ilj.  skirmishes  with  the  Indians,  who  began  - 
6ow  to  learn  the  superiority  of  the  «  iong  knife,'*  as  thef 
termed  the  Virginians ;  being  Out.generaled  in  almost 
every  action.  Our  afrairs  began  now  to  wea^  a  better  a<. 
pecf,  the  Indians  no  longer  daring  to  face  us  in  opei^ 
field,  but  sought  private  opportunities  to  destroy  us. 

On  the  rth  February,  1778,  while  on  a  hunting  e«cur. 
sion,  alone,  I  met  a  party  of  102  Indians,  and  3  French- 
men,  marching  to  attack  Boonsborough-tbey  pursued 
ahd  took  me  prisoner,  and  conveyed  me  to  Old  Chelico- 
the,  the  principal  Indian  town  on  Little  Miami,  where  we 
arrived  on  the  I8th  February,  after  an  uncomfortable  . 
journey. -On  the  lOih  March  I  was  conducted  to  De- 
troit, and  while  there  was  treated^with  great  humanity  by 
Governor  HAftiLTOK,  the  British  commander  at  tkt 
port,  and  Intendant  for  Indian  affairs. 

The  Indians  had  such  an  affection  for  me,  that  they 
refused  loo/,  sterling  offered  them  by  the  Governor,  if 
they  would  conseiit  to  leave  me  with  him,  that  he  might 
be  enabled  to  liberate  me  on  my  parole.  Several  English 
gentlemen  then  at  Detroit,  sensible  of  my  adverse  fortune, 
and  iouched  with  sympathy,  generously  offered  to)  supply 


■ 


—  1^2-^     M 

Xhii  I  never  expected  it  would  be  in  nty  power  t6  re'comV 
pence  such  unmerited  generosity. 

On  the  lOih  April  the  Indians  returned  with  me  to 
Old  Chelicothe«  where  we  arrived  on  the  35ih.-- This 
was  a  long  and  fatiguing  march,  although  through  an 
exceeding  fertile  coiintry,  remarkable  for  springs  and 
streams  of  water.  At  Chelicothe  I  spent  my  lime  as 
COttift)rtabie  as  I  Could  expect  j  was  adopted,  according 
to  their  custom,  into  9  family,  where  I  became  a  son,  and 
had  agreatshiarc  in  the  affection  of  my  new  parents, 
brothers,  sisters,  and  friends.  I  was  exceedingly  familiar 
«nd  friendly  with  them,  always  appearing  as  cheerful 
and  contented  as  possible,  and  they  put  great  confidence 
in  me.  I  often  went  a  bunting  with  them,  dnd  frequently 
gained  their  applause  for  my  activity  at  our  shooting 
matches.  I  wa&  careful  not  to  exceed  many  of  them  in 
shooting,  for  rto  people  are  more  envious  than  they  in 
this  sport.  I  could  observe  in  their  countenances  and 
gestures  the  greatest  expressions  of  joy  when  they  ex- 
ceeded me,  and  when  the  reverse  happened,  of  envy.-. 
The  Shawanese  king  took  great  notice  of  me,  and  treated 
me  with  profound  respect  and  entire  friendship,  often 
entrusting  me  to  hunt  at  my  liberty.  I  frequently  return- 
ed with  the  spoils  of  the  woods,  and  as  often  presented 
some  of  what  I  had  taken  to  him,  expressive  of  duty  to 
«ny  sovereign.'  My  food  and  lodging  was  in  comrooQ 
with  them,  not  so  good  indeed  as  I  could  desire,  but  ne- 
cessity made  every  thing  acceptable. 

I  now  began  to  meditate  an  escape,  and  carefully 
avoided  giving  suspicion.  I  continued  at  Chelicothe  un- 
til the  first  day  of  June,  when  I  was  taken  to  the  salt 
springs  on  Sciotha,  and  there  employed  ten  days  in  the 
manufacturing  of  salt.  During  this  lihie  I  hunted  witii 
my  Indian  masters,  and  found  the  land  for  a  great  extent 
•bout  this  riyer  to  exceed  the  soil  of  Kentucky. 


^ 


—ias« 


mi..,,  during  „hi,h  I  haT.:;t:.t*;r'7r  •;"° 

fortress  in  a  bad  stale  hnt  «,/•         .  '°"'»*^  o»i»" 

*e  completed  i„  ,.„  i,j^    Cf   ""?"'"""'  *"'«'■ 
;»c«P«d  after  me,  brought  .d"cel,       ""'  P""""'" 

ftghMheIndi.„,h.dM.oT.hl        ."""'''  "f  "r 
About  August  I.,    J"  7""'?»P«li'ion  for  3  week.. 

Point  C«ek l"w„  '^  L  !  ■""  1'^''  '"  ""  ">  ""-Pri" 
•e  Wl  i«  «i.lTo  C^T'*''  *■""■»  '<"-  mile,  of  wWcb 

»•»»  00  our  p.r,_,he  IZ^  T"  "'^  "'*«"  '"r 
wouflded^wetooklh  'h„!L'  "■/"'  ■""«"  ""^  .»„ 
The  Indian.  h.vTng  .v^cutT,'-.  """  '""^^'^'~ 

on  the  611,, and  on  the  r.h  „'i. T.     T^^'  ^"^  "«™ 
On  the  8th.  the  I„Hi.  '■  "''  ■'  Boonsborough. 

Mnderthecomma^aotc  ""i'  ""»»«"Rof  *»  ".» 
"  Frenchmen,  ^d  ^h^r^^^S?' '"'"""  °"- 
Woned  the  fort  to  surrender     f  ""  ""^  ""»- 

l-Oeration  which  ^gt :;d/ Sg  tll^l^  T 

»"«n  m,  ii,i„„     Th,„  ,1,  ^  "■*  '""•  "''''0  • 

»"•«».    The  .,^"!":"i°  "■"='";«  "•  "«y  would  with. 

ilS»«itoml^^     "I"  •*'»««»•    The  article,  wetf 
o«nd.igned5  when  th.  Indian,  fold  n,  ;.  -.! 


w 


A 


tbtir  e^Btom  for  iwo  Indiwii  to  shake  hands  with  eyery 
white  man  in  the  treaty,  as  an  ef idence  of  friendship. 
We  agreed  to  this  also.  They  immediately  grappled  us 
to  take  us  prisoners,  but  we  cleared  ourselves  of  then>, 
though  surrounded  by  hundreds,  apd  gained  the  fort  safe, 
f xcept  one  man  wh9  was  wpunded  by  a  heavy  firt  from 

the  enemy*  u   j-        u    • 

The  savages  began  now  to  nndermine  the  fort,  begm- 

Tiing  at  the  water  mark  of  l^cntucky  river,  which  is  iO 

yards  from  the/ort ;  this  we  discovered  by  the  water  be- 

ingmade  muddy  by  the  clay-we  countermined  ^hem  by 

cutting  a  trench  across  their  aubterraneous  passage.  The 

enemy  discovering  this  by  the  clay  we  threw  out  of  the 

ibrt,  -desisted.    On  the  20ih  August  they  raised  the  siege» 

during  which  we  had  two  men  killed  and  four  wounded. 

We  lost  a  number  of  cattle.    The  loss  of  the  enemy  was 

Zf  killed,   and  a  much  larger  number  wounded.    We 

picked  up  I35lbs.  of  their  bullets,  l^esidea  what  stuck  ill 

ihc  logs  of  the  fort. 

In  July,  1779,  during  my  absence,  Col.  Bowmak,  witn 

160  men,  went  against  the  Shawanese  of  Old  Chelicothe^ 

He  arrived  undiscovered,  a  battle  ensued,  which  lasted 

until  ten  in  the  morning,  when  Col.  Bqwman  retreated 

30  miles.    The  Indians  collected  all  their  strength  and 

pursued  him,  when  another  engagement  ensued  for  two 

hours,  not  to  Col.  Bowman's  advantage.    Col.  H abrop 

proposed  to  mount  a  number  of  horses  and  b^e^k  the  en: 

Ly.  line,  who  at  this  time  fought  with  remarkable  fury. 

This  desperate  measure  had  a  happy  effect,  and  the  sav- 

ages  fled  on  all  sides.    In   these   two  engagements  we 

had  nine  men  killed  and  one  wounded.    Enemy  s  loai 

uncertain,  only  two  scalps  were  taken. 

•   June  23d,  1780,  500  Indians  and  Canadians  undsr  Col. 

Bird,  attacked  Riddle's  and  Martin's  station,  and  ihe. 

yorka  of  Licking  river,  with  six  pieces  of  artillery  i  t.ipjf 


■/ 


i-HI— 


i: 


pac^  tXk  the  iphabitants  captive,  and  killed  one  mtn  an4 
Itwo  women,  load  d  the  others  with  the  heavy  baggage, 
•pd  soch  as  failed  in  the  joornej  were  tomahitwked* 

The  hostile  disposition  of  the  savages*  caused  Genera^ 
Clakic,  the  commandant  at  the  falls  of  Ohio,  to  march 
with  his  regiment  and  the  armed  force  of  the  countrf 
■gainst  Peccaway,  the  principal  town  of  the  Shawanese, 
pn  a  branch  of  the  great  Minroi,  which  he  attacked  with 
great  success,  took  seventy  scalps,  and  reduced  the  town 
to  ashes,  with  the  loss  of  seventeen  men.  ' 

About  this  time  I  returned  to  Kentucky  with  my  fam!' 
ly ;  for  during  my  captivity,  my  wife,  thinking  me  kil- 
led by  the  Indians,  had  transported  my  fsmily  and  goods 
on  horses  through  the  wilderness,  amidst  many  dangers, 
to  her  father's  house  in  North*Carolina. 

On  the^th  of  October,  1790,  soon  after  my  settling 
again  at  Boonsborough,  I  went  with  my  brother  to  the 
Blue  Licks,  and  on  our  return,  he  was  shot  by  a  party 
of  Indians,  they  followed  me  by  scent  of  a  dog,  which  f 
shot  and  escaped.  The  severity  of  the  winter  caused 
great  distress  in  Kentucky,  the  enemy  during  the  sum^ 
mer  having  destroyed  most  of  the  corn.  The  inhabit, 
ants  lived  chieflf  on  BufTuloe's  flesh. 

In  spring,  1783,  the  Indians  harra&sed  us.  In  IVL^y, 
they  ravished,  killed  and  scalped  a  woman  and  her  tvo 
daughters  near  Ashtok's  station,  and  took  a  negro  prs* 
pner.  Capt.  Ashton  pursued  them  with  25  men,  and 
in  an  engagement  which  lasted  two  hours,  his  party  wer." 
obliged  to  retreat,  having  8  killed  and  4  mortally  wound 
ed ;  their  brave  commander  fell  in  the  action. 

August  10th,  two  boys  were  carried  off  from  Major 
HoT*s  station-— Capt.  Holaer  pursued  the  enemy  with 
17  men,  who  were  also  defeated,  with  the  loss  of  7  kil^ 
led  and  2  wounded.  Our  affairs  became  morA  and  more 
alarming.    The  savages  infested  the  country  and  de- 


,^, 


•-1S5* 


t 


^royp^  the  whites  ai  opportunitjr  preiented.  In  a  ielA 
pear  Lexington,  an  Indian  shot  a  man  and  running  19 
■calp  bim,  was  himself  shot  from  the  fort  and  fell  dea^ 
.upon  the  ground.  All  the  Indian  nations  were  now  uni- 
ted  against  us. 

August  I4fth.  ^qp  Indians  en^  Canadians  came  against 
Briat's  .tation,  five  mile,  from  L^ingXon,  they  aslaul^ 
cd  the  fort  and  killed  al^  t^e  cattle  round  it ,  but  being 
repulsed  ,hey  retired  t;,e  ihird  day,  having  about  80  J. 
led,  their  wounded  unceriaip.  The  garrison  had  four 
JtiHed  and  nme  wounded. 

August  18th,  Colonels  Todd  and  Taioc,  Major  Har. 
LAMP  and  myself,  speedily  collected  one  hundred  and 
seventy.8,x  men,  well  armed,  and  pursued  the  savages. 
They  had  marched  beyond  the  Blue  Licks,  to  a  remarka- 
We  bend  of  the  ma^n  fork  of  Licking  River,  about  43 
TqI"  T  ^"'"«*°'»'  "^^^^^  ^«  P'^rtook  them  on  the 

2Lnf  »t"''"^'?^"™^"'*  ^•^•'  way,  and  we  ig- 
norant of  their  numbers,  passed  the  river.    When  thev 

?aw  our  proceedings  (having  greatly  the  advantage  in 
situation)  they  formed  their  line  of  battle  from  one  end 
of  the  hcking  to  the  other,  about  a  mile  from  the  Blue 
l^icks.    The  engagement  was  close  and  warm  for  about 
fifteen  mmutes.  when  we.  being  overpowered  by  num. 
bers,  were  obliged  to  retreat,  with  the  loss  of  6/  men 
7  of  whom  were  taken  prisoners.    The  brave  and  much 
]anaented  Colonels  Todd  and  Thico,  Major  Harlakd 
and  my  second  son,  were  among  the  dead.    We  we  J 
afterward,  informed,  that  thp  Indians,   on  numbering 
their  dead,  findmg  that  they  had  four  more  killed  than 
we,  four  of  our  people  they  had  taken  were  given  up  to 
Uieir  young  warriors,  to  be  put  to  death  after  their  bar. 
barous  manner. 

On  our  retreat  we  were  met  by  Col.  Logan,  who  waa 
ha^ienrng  to  join  us,  with  a  number  of  weU  armed  men. 


—w— 

Thi.  powerful  ...i.u„ce  we  w««.d  on  ,h.  d«  „f  k  . . 
The  enemy  uid  one  more  Br.  t.  *'  "  '»'"*• 

•hen  g,>e  way.  '"  '""»  "  •""'I  ""e  mirf, 

I  cnnot  reflect  upon  ihi.  dreadful  .cene  --.i. 
•orrow.    A  zeal  for  the  defence  of  .1.  •       '      ■""'  e«« 
».«...  .o  the  scene  of  lot    'fcottTireT '"  """ 
.t(.ck  ,  powerful  .rn.y  of  .«erie?«d^         *  "*"'  "» 
»e  g«e  way,  they  pursued  u.  whh  .1        """•    "'*"• 
.nd  in  every  quarte'r  .p  Jd  delt^ue  o?'^:"^"""- 
d-fficult  to  cro...  and  „any  were  kil  d  ii  .h*.  T'  "" 
ju«  entering, he  river,  «n.e  in  the  w.,er  " f    ' T* 
croMing  in  awending  the  clifft     sZ  '"  *"«' 

back,  a  few  on  foot ,  .„d  bdn.  ^      '*""*"  ""  '«'"«• 
in  •  few  hour,,  brought  the  ™^f     T'"'  "">  •"«'«. 
for.»na,e  battle  to  t«i„'  :r  M^        "'*'  "'  ""'  "»• 
«»»<ic.    The  reader  l^'frue..    7  *«'<""  "ere  now 
""".of  the  inbabi  an"    ,«'l"  "  "'™''  «"«■  "" 
ia.Ie  to  describe.    Cng  rernfor«/  *"'  ""'""^  ""•'  '  -« 
•he  de«l,  and  found  i^iT'b^;::";,;;;""'™'-  •"  ""'J' 
cut  and  n..ng..d  in.  dreadful  Ilr*"'^  """*• 
•cene  exhibited  a  horror  almo  ,  "nparlL  J.     """'""'"* 
•nd  eaten  by  wild  bea.,.,  ,ho«  ta  ,1     ^'  '""""o™ 
fi.he, ,  .1,  i„  .„h  ,  putrid  ;Xn     htt"'"  "'•"  "'' 
be  di«ing„i,hed  from  anothe™  ""  "'"  "»'" 

When  General  Ciabk,  at  the  falls  „r  nt.-     .. 
our  disaster,  he  ordered  an  exnldh  In  ?  '  *"•"  "' 

•ges,  we  overtook  them  witWn  !-  ''""""'  "■«  '"^ 

"d  we  .houldhav  oUn'd.TreT;"'''""' '•'''»'• 
"■ne  of  them  met  u,  wh.n  \^  """■'■  ""^  »« 

f »  .beir  camp.  Tho  .:^1:'Z\:Z  '""'""'  ■"'" 
der,  and  evacuated  all  their  tfl  w  t """""  """• 
Old  Chelicothe,  Peccawa^  TcTcZ'  ^""^ '"  ""« 
Town  ,  entirely  destroyed  thl^  ^'"'"•"'«'  ""  Wills- 
«d  .ptead  de.!,I.«rfb™„t  ."™  """  ""'"  '""''' 
•»'«  prisoner  «d  fifi^ s^ '  1™":?:    ^«  ?»^ 

— r-f  n«w  iVBfc  oniy  Jouf 


&e£,  two  of  whom  were  accidontallf  killtd  by  ouf  idtiiS 
Thitcimpaign  damped  the  enemy,  yet  they  made  lecret 

incuraions.  , 

In  October  a  party  attacked  Crab  Orchard,  and  ope  of 
them  being  a  good  way  before  the  othera,  boldly  entered 
a  houte,  In  which  were  only  a  woman  and  her  children, 
and  a  negro  man.'  The  savage  used  no  violence,  b  t  at- 
tempted to  carry  off  the  negro,  who  happily  proved  to0 
•trong  for  him,  and  threw  him  on  the  ground,  and  in  thii 
atruggle  the  woman  cut  off  his  head  with  an  axe— whilst 
her  little  daughter  shut  the  door.  The  savages  instantly 
caire  up  and  applied  their  tomahawks  to  the  door,  when 
the  mother  putting  an  old  rusty  gun  barrel  through  the 
crevice,  the  savages  immediately  went  off. 

From  that  time  till  the  happy  return  of  peace  between 
the  United  States  ahd  Great-Britain,  the  Indians  did  us 
no  mischief.    Soon  after  this  the  Indians  desired  peace. 

Two  darling  sons  and  a  brother  1  have  lost  by  savage 
bands,  which  have  also  taken  from  me  40  valuaWe  horses, 
and  abundance  of  cattle.  Manf  dark  and  sleepiest 
nights  have  1  spent,  separated  from  the  cheerful  society 
Of  men,  scorched  by  the  summer's  son,  and  pinched  by 
the  winter's  cold,  an  instrument  ordained  to  settle  the 

"■'"'""*"•  DANIEL  BOON. 

Fqjf«tte  Countyt  Kentucky, 


CHAP.  VIII. 

EJtPEDITrON  AND  DEFEAT  of  Gm.  HARMER^ 
Br  fHB  INDIANS,  1790. 


ALTHOUGH  a  peace  was  happily  effected  be- 
tween the  two  contending  parties,  Gteai-Britairt  and  JN 


—199-^ 

in«rica,  in  1/83,  yet  the  SaTtgei,  who  kad  beeb  pef. 
fuaded  to  Uke  a  part  with  the  former  were  unwilling  tt$ 
fcury  the  Uood/  hatchet-thejr  bad  not  sufficiently  bath, 
td  that  destructive  weapon  in  the  blood  of  the  Ameri, 
cans--without  any  pretext  whatever,  they  continued  to 
ciercise  toward  them  the  most  wanton  acts  of  barbavity^ 
It  appeared  from  respectable  evidence,  that  from  th^ 
year  1783,  until  the  month  of  October  I790,  the  time 
the   United  States  commenced  offensive  operationa  a- 
gainst  the  said  Indians,  that  on  the  Ohio,  and  the  fron- 
tiers on  the  south  side  thereof,  they  killed,  wounded  and 
took  prisoners,  about  one   thousand  five  hundred  men, 
women  and  children,  behides  carrying  off  upwards  of  two 
thousand  horses,  and  other  property  to  the  amount  of 
fifty  thousand  dollars. 

The  particulars  of  many  of  the  instances  of  barbarity 
exercised  upon  the  prisoners,  of  different  ages,  and  sexes, 
although  sopponed  by  indisputable  evidence,  are  of  too 
shocking  a  nature  to  be  presented  to  the  public— it  is 
sufficient  here  to  obaerve  that  the  scalping  knife  and  toma- 
hawk, were  the  mildest  instruments  of  death.  That  in 
SQiae  caaes  torture  by  fire,  and  other  execrable  means 
were  us«d. 

But  the  outrages  which  were  committed  upon  th« 
frontier  inhabitants,  were  i^ot  the  only  injuries  that  were 
sustained  i  repeated  attacks  upon  detachments  of  the 
troops  of  the  United  States,  were  at  different  times  made. 
The  following  from  its  peculiar  enormity  deitcrves  reci- 
tal — In  April  179Q,  Maj.  Douohtv  (in  service  of  the 
United  States)  was  ordered  to  the  friendly  Chicasaws  on 
public  business.  He  performed  this  duty  in  a  boat,  hav- 
ing with  him  a  parly  of  fifteen  men.  While  ascending 
the  Tennesse  river,  he  was  met  by  a  parly  of  forty  In- 
dians, in  four  canoes,  consisting  principally  of  Shawa* 
,  Jiase  and  out-cast  Cherokees.— They  approached  under 

R 


m 


!  so- 


ft white  flag,  the  well  known  emblem  of  peace.  Tlief 
came  on  board  Ihe  Major's  boat,  received  his  prejcnti, 
continued  with  him  nearly  on  hour,  and  then  dcparied  in 
the  most  friendly  manner. — But,  they  had  scarcely  clear- 
ed his  oars  before  they  poured  in  a  hie  upon  his  crew, 
Which  \VM9  returned  as  soon  as  circumstances  would  per- 
miJ,  nnd  a  mo^t  unequal  combat  was  sustained  for  several 
hours,  when  they  abandoned  their  design,  but  not  until 
they  had  killed  and  wounded  eleven  out  of  fifteen  of  the  ' 
boat's  crew. 

All  overtures  of  peace  failing,  and  the  dcpredationi 
still  coniimiing,  an  attempt  at  coeriion  became  indispen- 
sable ;  accordingly,  on  the  SOlh  September,  1790,  the 
President,  by  and  with  the  consent  and  advice  of  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States,  despatched  Gen.  Harmeb, 
with  320  Federal  troops  and  1133  militia,  under  his  com- 
mand, to  attack  and  destroy  their  principal  villages. 

The  troops  after  seventeen  days  march  from  Miamii 
reached  the  great  Midmi  village,  without  any  other  mo- 
lestation than  that  of  having  a  number  of  their  pack 
horses  stolen.  On  their  arrival  they  found  the  village 
deserted,  and  all  the  valuable  buildings  in  flames,  set  on 
fire  by  the  Indians.  After  a  short  tarry,  they  proceeded 
to  the  neighboring  villages,  without  molestation,  and 
destroyed  five  of  them,  and  a  large  quantity  of  corn, 
computed  at  fifteen  thousand  bushels,  which  they  found 
buried  in  different  places  ;  and  very  large  quantities  of 
vegetables  of  every  kind. 

The.  first  opposition  that  was  met  with,  a  party  of  about 
150  Kentucky  militia,  and  30  regular  troops,  all  under 
thccommandofCol.  Harding,  of  Kentucky,  were  de- 
tached from  the  main  body  lying  in  the  great  Miami  vil- 
lage, to  pursue  the  trail  of  a  party  of  Indians,  which  had 
the  day  before  been  discovered.  After  a  pursuit  of  about 
six  miles,  they  came  up  with,  and  were  attacked  on  sup- 


—131— 
Prft.l.r.bo.lyofrndi.n.,  ,,,,  „„ 

«'i>ml  ihe  whole  diarir.  „r  ,r     i   ,  ""'"  '"°P»  "» 

•hor.  and  bJl?,h"^°°/'''° '"■''''"'*  '"«  conflicts, 

P^iv..«,  after  defindi'.ir     '""' ""''''''•" '•■"= 
pom,,,  whh  .he  gre„e.,  po,.ib     "b,  in.noJ      ,  '"""' 

e^caDcd    r,?  "  ''"^"'•*  who  providential  y 

ccapetj,  and  his  cscane  annean-rl  f«  ,i  .        *'«'"''»iiy 

J"cky  circumstance  of^^,  ^'"^  "*°'''*   «"  « 

pursuer,,  ,h,„  ,>om  any  ler  circuZ.nce     Ca,  ■ 

hirr.:rr ",  -  ""•""'"'=«' "-  p-  ""-.erd: 

.0  hS  "jiP'-'f  "S  "i-'lf '"'0  a  pond  or  sw..p  up 
<o  HIS  neck,  wuhin  two  hundred  v,rds  of  the  fi.i,i     f 

.r  jr  :;'ct:Tr "-  r-"  "'^'  •  ~"" 

,I.,j      ■  '"  ""  ''"""  performed  over  ihe 

After  this,  some  few  skirmishes  succeded,  hot  nolh- 
.ng  material,  until  the  second  capital  action,  ;hicL  hap 
P«ned  ,wo  days  after  the  army  left  the  Miami  village!. 
a..e„mdesd„,.ncefrom.he.ow„.  the  General  or'der- 

ti^  and  V  ,       """'  '""^  '■'»"•"'  ««  htadred  mili. 

of  m!      w   '""''  "■"""  »<"■''■""  "o^"  ">«  command 
of  Major  VVritv.  and  Colonel  H*»n,»<,,  who  were  or. 

.h.%  a„°„"'"°J'  ■'"'' '°  ""  '"""•  O"  '■>«-  ««'  "'"n« 

y  fled  .'.7'?   "  '"""  '"''^  "'  '""'"'•  "'■»  ™"'«'iia.e. 
ly  fled  at  the  lirst  onset,  and  by  that  mean,  decoyed  the 

frentdnea,on,,and  encouraging  the  milili,  t»  i,«r.ne : 


hv  this  stratagem  the  few  regalar  troops  were  left  donea 
and  the  Indians  had  effected  their  design,  for  the  momeiit 
they  found  the  small  handful  of  regular  troops  detached 
from  the  main  body  of  the  militia,  they  commenced  the 
attack  with  their  Whole  iorpe,  excepting  the  Hying  par- 
lies  that  had  divided  the  militia  ;  and  although  they 
soon  found  some  part  of  the  militia  returning  on  their 
backs,  pursued  their  object  of  routing  and  destroying  the 
troops,  as  the  only  sure  plan  of  success  ;  which  after  a 
,nost  bloody  conflict  on  each  side,  they  effected. 

Nothing  could  exceed  the  intrepidity  of  the  savages  on 
this  occasion  j  the  m.litia  they  appeared  to  despise,  an4 
with  all  the  undauntedness  conceivable,  threw  down  their 
guns,  and  rushed  upon  the  bayonets  of  the  regular  sol- 
diers  ;  a  number  of  them  fell,  but  being  so  far  superioP 
in  numbers,  the  regulars  were  soon  overpowered,  for 
labile  the  poor  soldier  had  his  bayonet  m  one  Indian,  tWQ 
TOore  would  sink  their  tomahawks  in  his  head.    The  de- 
feat  of  the  troops  i^as  complete,  the  dead  and  wounded 
were  left  on  the  field  of  action,  in  possession  ot  the  savages. 
The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  official  return  of  the  kU- 
led  and  wounded  iwthe  expedition  :— 

KiUtd  of  the  Federal  Trocps. 

\  Major,  1  Lictttenant,  TS  raidc  and  file-total  75. ? 

^Wounded— 3  rank  and  file. 

Killed  of  the  MilHia, 
\  Major,  S  Captains,  3  Lieutenants,  4  Ensigns,  9f 
rank  and  lite-total  180— Wounded-2  Lieiitenants, 
I  Ensign,  25  rank  and  file— total— 28. 

The  regular  troops  all  to  nine,  including  two  commis- 
aioned  officers,  were  kUled-among  the  slain  was  Major 
Wtllts,  and  a  number  of  brave  and  valuable  soldiers. 
The  Indians,  it  appeared,  from  some  cause,  did  not  think 
\i  prudent  to  pursue  meir  successes  uwjm  "-   •—  --  - 


^133— 


alonea 
lomeot 
itached 
ced  the 
)g  par- 
fa  \hcf 
n  their 
ing  Ihe 
after  a 

ages  on 
186}  and 
wn  their 
liar  sol- 
loperior 
redi  for 
an)  two 
The  dc- 
ivoanded 
savages* 

[  the  kil- 


75.- 


ligns,  9f 
iitenants, 

)  commis- 
<%%  Major 

solditrs. 

not  think 


tion»  «•  moit  of  the  troops  that  were  not  killed  or  badljr 
iroundedf  nade  their  escape,  wiiich  thejr  could  not  have 
effected  had  the  enemy  pursued  with  their  usual  fory* 


CHAP.  IX.  f 

EXPEDITIONS   OF    GEMERALS    SCOTf    AND 

WILKINSON, 
fir  Mat  mum  Auwsrn  1791. 

Gbv.  SCOTT  It)  l«B  SECRETARY  or  WAR. 

^<  Iti  prosecution  of  the  enterprise*  I  marched 
(with  8#0  troops  under  mf  command)  four  mtles  from 
the  banks  of  the  OhM»  on  the  8Sd  Maf »  and  on  the  S4th 
I  iasumed  my  march,  and  pushed  forward  with  the  ut- 
imoat  industry,  directing  my  route  to  Ouiattannaor  in  the 
best  manner  my  guides  and  i&lbmiatioii  enshlcd  moi 
though  I  found  myself  greatly  deficient  in  both. 

*<  By  the  31st)  I  had  marched  one  hundred  and  thirty, 
five  miles,  over  «  country  cut  by  four  large  branches  of 
White  River*  and  many  smaller  streams  with  steq»  mud- 
dy banks :  During  this  march,  I  traversed  a  ccuintry  al- 
ternately interspersed  with  the  most  luxurious  skmI,  and 
deep  clayey  bogs  from  one  to  five  mites  wide,  rendered 
almost  impervi(Mis  by  brush  and  briars*  Rain  fell  in  tor- 
rents every  day,  with  frequent  blastst»f  wind  and  thunder 
storms*  The^e  obstacles  impeded  my  progress)  wore 
down  my  horses,  and  destroyed  my  provisions* 

"  On  the  morning  of  the  1st  instant  as  the  army  enter- 
ed an  extensive  praire,  I  perceived  an  Indian  on  horte- 


— 134— 

tachmcr^t  lo  intercept  him,  but  he  f scapfed.  Finding 
myself  discovered,  I  determined  to  advance  with  all  the 
rapidity  my  circumstances  would  permit,  rather  with  the 
hope  than  the  expectation  of  reaching  the  object  sought 
that  day  j  for  n>y  guides  were  strangers  to  the  country 
which  I  occupied.  At  I  o'clock,  having  marched  by 
computation  one  hundred  and  fifty-five  miles  from  the 
Ohio,  as  I  penetrated  a  grove  which  bordered  on  an  ex- 
tensive  praire,  I  discovered  two  small  villages  to  my  left, 
at  two  and  four  miles  distance. 

«  My  guides  now  recognised  the  ground  and  informed 

me  that  the  main  town  was  four  or  five  miles  in  front, 

l^^-behind  a  point  of  wood  which  jutted  into  the  praire.    I 

immediately  detached  Col.  John  Hardin,  with  60  moun. 

ted  infantry,   and  a   troop  of  light  horse  under  Captdin 

M'Coy,  to  attack  the  villages  to  the  left,  and  moved  on 

briskly  with  my  main  body  in  order  of  battle  toward  the 

town,  the  smoke  of  which  was  discernable.     My  guides 

were  deceived  with  respect  to  the  situation  of  the  town ; 

for  instead  of  standing  at  the  edge  of  the  plain  through 

which  I  marched,   I  found  in  the  low  ground  bordering 

on  the  Wabash,  on  turning  the  point  of  woods,  one  house 

presented  in  my  front.    Capt.  Price  was  ordered  to  as- 

aault  that  with  forty  men.    He  executed  the  command 

with  great  gallantry,  and  killed  two  warriors. 

«  When  I  gained  the  summit  of  the  eminence  which 
overlooks  the  villages  on  the  banks  of  the  Wabash,  I  dis- 
covered the  enemy  in  great  confusion^  endeavoring  to 
make  their  escape  over  the  river  in  canoes.  I  instantly 
ordered  Lieutenant-Colone!  Commandant  Wilximsow  to 
rush  forward  with  the  first  battalion  ;  the  order  was  exe^ 
cuted  with  promptitude,  and  this  detachment  gained  the 
bank  of  the  river  just  as  the  rear  of  the  enemy  had  em- 
barked :  And  regardless  of  a  brisk  fire  kept  up  from  a 
Kickapoo  town  on  the  opposite  bank,  they  in  a  few  min* 


— IM— 

we.,  by  .  well  directed  «re  from  .heir  ri«e.,  deetroyed  .11 
•he  uvagc.  with  which  five  unoe.  were  crowded 

,  J  '^^',  r"™''  ""'  ■"■"  P"""''""  of  'he   Klck.m» 
town.    I  determined  to  di.lodge  then.,  and  for  .he  pur- 

rmrl"T    "",'"'"'•  ^""'''  •"*'  ''»«»■'»•'••  compenle. 

o  r«.rch  down  the  r,»er  below  the  .own  .„d  cro..  under 

the  conduct  of  Major  Ba„ee  :  Several  „f  ,he  Ttn 

•wan,  the  river,  and  other.  p„,ed  in  .  .„.,i  c,„oe._ 

ihi.  movement  w.i  unobserved,  and  my  men  had  taken 

post  on  the  b.i,k  before  they  were  discovered  by  the  ene. 

my  who  immediately  abandoned  the  village.    About  this 

l.me  word  w.»  brought  me  that  Col.  HAa»,»  was  incum- 

be.ed  with  prisoners,  *i,d  h.d  discovered  a  .tron«r  vil. 

l-ge  further  to  my  l.ft,  ,h.„  tho.e  I  had  observed,  which 

C.nrBr''""'T'..°  """"'•  '  '"""'"i"'")'  Jetached 
but  'he  H  7  I  '"  """"'"^  '"  ""'P""  "«  Colonel , 
lived  the  business  was  done,  and  Col.  H«d.«  joined  me 
1. 1!.  before  sunset,  having  killed  six  warriors  Ind  t.k«! 
fifiy-two  pnsonera.    Captain  flu.:.,  .fc,  warrior  who  Z 

.nd  given  the  alarm  a  short  lime  before  me ,  but  the  vil" 

..ch  my  Lieut  cl  r""'  "T'''^  '  ''"""""«'  '»  '^^ 
lacn  my  L.eui.  Col.  Commandant  with  five  hundred  men. 

to  destroy  the  important  town  of  Kethlipecanunk,  at  Z 

mouth  of  the  Eel  river,  eighteen  mile,  from  my  carnp^ 

.  d  on  the  we.,  side  of  Wabash.    Urn  on  ex.mL.  ^I 

discovered  my  men  and  horse,  .o  be  crippled  and  Tm 

down  by  a  long  laborious  march,  and  ,heac.iv.  e«rl„™ 

01  the  preceding  day  ;  ihat  three  hundred  and  sixtv  m.» 

:  sir  "th  """"'■  '"  "''""^'°  ""•'""•■'e '•::  enTe" 
prise  and  thty  prepared  to  march  on  foot. 

hJl^l^""'"."''  '"""'"'  "'■•"  ""»  -leiachment  a, 
half  after  five  m  U.e  evening,  and  returned  .omv«n.i! 


the  n«xt  dKy  at  one  o*clocki  h«?ing  marched  thirty-iis 
miles  in  twelve  houri,  «nd  destroyed  the  most  imporuat 
settlement  of  the  enemy  in  that  quarter  of  the  federal 
territory. 

««  The  following  is  Col.  Wilkinson's  report  respedU 
ing  the  enterprise  :-• 

•t  SiR<— The  detachment  under  my  command}  destinad 
to  attack  the  village  K^hlipeeanunk,  was  put  in  motion 
at  half  after  five  o'clock  last  evening.  Knowing  that  ao 
enemy  whose  chief  dependence  is  in  his  dexterity  as  a 
marksman,  and  alertness  in  covering  himself  behind 
trees,  stumps,  and  other  impediments  to  foir  sightt 
would  not  hazard  an  actiorr  in  the  night,  I  determined  to 
prsh  my  march  until  I  approached  the  vicinity  of  the 
Tillages  where  I  knew  the  country  to  be  champaign.-*. 

I  gained  my  point  without  a  halt,  twenty  minu'es  before 

I I  o'clock  ;  lay  upon  my  arms  until  4  o'clock,  and  half 
an  hour  after  aasauUed  the  town  at  all  quarters.  The 
€nemy  was  vigilant,  gave  way  on  my  approach,  and  in 
*:;.T»oes  crossed  Eel  creek,  which  washed  the  northeast 
part  of  the  town — That  creek  was  not  fordable.  Mf 
corps  dashed  forward 'with  the  impetuobiiy  becoming 
fiilunteers,  and  were  saluted  by  the  enemy  with  a  brisk 
fire  from  the  opposite  side  of  the  creek.  Dauntless  they 
rushed  en  to  the  water's  edge,  and  finding  the  river  im-* 
passable,  rcturwtd  e  volley,  which  so  galled  and  discon- 
certed their  antagonists,  that  they  threw  away  their  5re 
without  effect.  In  five  minutes  the  Indians  were  driven 
from  their  covering,  and  fled  with  precipitation*  1  have 
three  men  slightly  wounded.  At  half  past  five  the  town 
•was  in  flames,  and  at  six  o'clock  I  commenced  my  re- 

•  tr*.at. 

«  I  am  Sir,  yours,  8cc« 

"  JAMES  WILKINSON. 

«  Brigadier'jGeMrai  Scof^/* 


^  «  Many  of  the  inhabitants  of  Kethiipecanunk  w«rd 
French,  and  iived  in  a  state  of  civilization  :-miiundfer. 
standing  the  object  of  a  white  Bag,  which  appeared  on 
an  eminence  oppoiite  to  me  in  the  afternoon  of  the  first 
I  liberated  an  aged  squaw,  and  tent  with  her  a  message* 
to  the  savages,  that  if  they  would  come  in  and  surrender^ 
their  towns  should  be  spared,  and  t^ey  should  receive 
good  treatment*   [It  was  afterwards  found  that  this  white 
flag  was  not  intended  as  a  signal  of  parley,  but  was  placed 
there  to  mark  the  spot  where  a  person  of  distinction 
atnong  the  Indians,  who  had  died  some  time  before,  waa 
interred.]     On  the  4th,  I  determined  to  discharge  16  of 
the  weakest  and  most  infirm  of  my  prisoners  with  a  talk 
to  the  Wabash  tribes,  a  copy  of  which  follows.     My  mo- 
lives  to  this  measure  were,  to  rid  the  army  of  a  heavy  in- 
cumbrance, to  gratify  the  impulses   of  humanity,  to  in. 
crease  the  panick  my  operations  had   produced,  and  by 

distracting  the  council  of  the  enemy,  to  favor  the  views 
of  government.  ^ 

«'  On  the  same  day,  after  having  burned  the   towns 

and  adjacent  villages,  and  destroyed  the  growing  corn 

fend  pulse,  I  began  my  march    for  the   rapids  of  Ohio 

where  I  arrived  the    14th,  without  the  loss  of  a  singte 

man  by  the  enemy,  and  five  only  wounded,  having  killed 

thirty.two,  chiefly  warriors  of  si2fe  and  figure,  and  taken 
fifiy-eight  prisoners.*' 

To  the  various  tribts  of  the  Peankashawg,  and  all  the  natiom 
of  Red  People,  living  oH  the  Waters  of  the  Wabaih  River. 
"  THE    Sovereign  Council  of  the  Thirteen  United 
Stales,  having  long  patiently  borne  your  depredations  a. 
^aii-itlheirsettlcments  on  thissideof  the  great  moun- 
tains, in  hope  that  you  would  see  your  error,  and  cor* 
r^ct  it,  by  entering  int^bonds  of  amity  and  lasting  peace. 
.Moved  by  compassion,  and  pitying  your  misguided  coun. 
ficils,  they  have  not  unfrequently  addressed  you  on  t„hj«  snls^ 


ject,  hix\  lyilhojjt  efec^.  At  jjcnglh  ^lieir  pi^tien^it  if  ei- 
bausitd)  find  thejr  hf^ve  streticl)c4  fortb  tb^  »rm  of  pow(Bf 
figaiQst  you*  T|))Bir  mighty  sops  f  nd  cfei^f  F*rri9r»  h»rf 
at  length  taken  yp  the  hatchet,  thjey  hav^  penstrftt«4  fftF 
into  ypttP  coqiury,  to  ipeet  yopr  w»rnpr|,  ^n'i  ttm^k  lfe?Pl 
for  their  transgressions.  Bu(  you  fled  befAff  tlytm  %n4 
decline  the  battle,  leaving  your  wive^  and  children  to  their 
mercy.  They  haye  destroyed  your  oW  ^own,  Ouiattanaut 
»nd  the  neighboring  villagesi  and  have  taken  many  prli 
aoneri.  Besting  here  two  days,  to  give  you  time  to  col* 
lect  your  strength,  they  have  proceeded  to  your  tqwa  lof 
Kethlipecanunk  ;  but  you  9gain  Qed  before  th^m  ;  and 
that  great  town  has  been  destroyed*  After  giving  you 
this  evidence  of  their  power^  they  have  stopped  their 
hands,  because  they  are  as  merciful  as  strong,  and  thcjr 
again  indulge  the  hope,  that  you  will  come  to  a  sense  of 
your  true  interest,  and  determine  to  make  a  lasting  peace 
with  them  and  all  their  children  forever.  The  United 
Sitates  have  no  desire  to  destroy  the  red  people,  al« 
though  thef  have  the  power  to  do  it ;  but  should  you  de* 
cUnt  (his  invitation,  ^nd  pursue  your  uuprovoked  hostili- 
ties! their  strength  will  agaip  be  exerted  against  you,  your 
r;arriors  will  be  slaughtered,  your  wives  and  children 
ciarried  into  taptivity,  and  you  m^y  be  assured,  that  those 
who  escape  the  fury  of  our  mighty  chiefs,  shall  find  no 
resting  place  on  this  side  the  Great  Lakes.  The  war. 
riqra  of  the  United  States  wish  not  to  distress  or  destroy 
women  and  children,  or  qjd  men,  and  although  policy  ob- 
liges them  to  retain  some  in  captivity,  yet  compassion 
and  humanity  have  induced  them  to  set  others  at  lib^rty» 
who  will  deliver  you  this  talk«  Those  who  are  carried 
off  will  be  left  in  the  care  of  our  great  chief  and  wa^ior 
Gen.  St.  Clair,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Miami  and  |p« 
posite  to  the  Licking  River,  where  they  will  be  treat^ 
mith  bumanity  wid  tcndcri^esB  j  if  you  wish  to  i^ecove^ 


»d  K,*!*  pete.  .Jilr*^,"7^  «/•>■' ••<•  to*»,, 

>m«»roaf  doUBtA  i»  dk^i.?  i       .  *'"  "*'"  be  burred 
(ag««»)  OHAtttES  SCOTT,  S.lg.e„,        . 

guiOe,  «d  tavtoK  done  r  ""''  '^""^  ^-'An- ' 

?embr.„  .be  first  momen.'.  rH  "  f   '  '"'':'  •^'^'«'« 
detail'to  your  EKelwJ.t     """  ^o"  »«i«  diKjr  to 

pu«.  feinted  bo.d,;:t't  ^  j,rs  rv'"='"-' 

direct  course  th=  nature  of  the  I,!    !, '    '    *'  """ 
M  to  march,  To«ldrr„u .,«"""''  ?'"  *'"■"'  » 

-»•»  .he  morLg  of  thTX  'in'.'^'T';:'' '"  ""'  P'" 
"•el^untiDit  .round If.!  ""^  ""'"''J'  "oided 

Ie.-/J1,I£T?5'J'"»«'»J'.  '"d  the  path,  which 
,  --.  .,,^  ,,„,„  „.,er  to  the  W,(,„b,  Ie.,i„g  t^ 


head  watersofthe  first  to  my  left ;  I  then  being  about 
seventy  miles  advanced   of  Fort    Washington)  turned 
north-west.    I  made  no  discovery  until  the  jth,  about  9! 
o'clock,  A.  M.  when  I  cjrossed  tb|ree  much  frequented 
paths  within  two  miles  of  each  otheri  and  all  bearing 
cast  of  north  f  my  guides  were  urgent  for  mci  to  follo'df 
these  paths,  which  betrayed  their  ignorance  of  the  coun- 
try, and  convinced  me  I  had  to  depend  on  my  own  judg^ 
mentfinly*    In  iheafternDop  of  that  day,  J  was  obliged 
lo  cross  a  deep  bogi  which  injured  several  of  my  horses 
exceedingly,  and  a  few  miles  beyond   I   struct;  »  path/ 
bearing  north  by  west,  marked  by  the  recent  footsteps,  of 
five  or  siy  savages.    My  guides   renewed  their  applica* 
tion  to  me  to  follow  this  path,  but  I  puriiued  my  own 
course.    I  had  not  got  clear  of  my  encampment,  next 
morning,  before  my  advaqce  reported  an  impassable  b<^, 
in  my  front,  extending  several  miles  on  either  hand}  and 
the  guides  asserted  that  the  whole  country  to  the  yTa- 
bash  was  cut  by  such  bogs,  and  that  it  would  be  impoa- 
aible  for  me  to  proceed  unless  I  followed  the  Indian  pathsi 
^bich  avoided  these  bogs,  or  led  through  them  at  places 
where  they  were  leas't  difficult.     Although  I  had  Httl^ 
regard  to  this  information,  as  delay  was  dangerous,  and 
every  thing  depended  on  the  preservation  of  my  horses, 
I  determined  to  return  to  the  right,  and  fall  into  the  path 
I  had  passed  the   evening  before,  which  varied  in  its 
course  from  N.  by  W.  lo  N.  E.    The  country  had  now 
become  pondy,  in  every  direction,  I  therefore  re&olved 
to  pursue  this  path  until  noonj  in  the  hope  that  it  Di{Ould, 
conduct  me  to  better  ground,  or  tp  some  devious  trace 
■)vhicb  might  lead  to  tbe  object  sought.  ,     > 

At  7  o'clock  I  crossed  an  cast  branch  of  Calume?  riy- 
er,  about  40  yards  wide,  and  about  noon  my  adyance 
guard  $red  on  a  i>mail  pariy  of  warriors  and  look  a  Rris- 
^ner,  the  riest  run  o^  to  the  eastward.    I  baited  &botj|<i^j 


—141^ 

■site  beyond  the  spot  where  this  afFi^ir  happened,  and  on 
examining  the  prisof^er  found  hith  to  be  a  Delaware,  liv- 
ing, near  the  tcite  of  the  late  Miami  village,  which  he 
informed  was  about  thirty  miles  distant ;  I  immediately 
retrogaded  four  miles,  and  filed  oif  by  the  right  over 
M|ae  rising  graaud,  which  I  had  observed  between  the 
east  branch  of  the  Calumet  river  and  a  creek  four  or  five 
miles  advance  of  it,  taking  my  course  K.  66  W.  This 
measure  fortunately  extricated  me  from  tlie  bogs  and 
ponds,  and  soon  placed  me  on  firm  |;round  ;  late  in  the 
afternoon  I  crossed  one  path  running  from  N.  to  S.  and 
ahortly  alter  fell  in  with  another  varying  from  N»  W.  to 
N.  I  pursued  this  about  two  miles,  when  I  encamped— 
but  finding  it  still  inclining  northward,  I  determined  to 
abandon  it  in  the  morning.  I  resumed  my  march  on 
the  6th  at  4  o'clock,  the  Calumet  being  to  the  westward 
of  me  I  was  fearful  I  should  strike  the  Wabash  too  high 
Up,  and  perhaps  fall  in  with  the  smalltown,  which  you 
mentioned  to  me  at  the  mouth  of  the  former  river.  I 
therefore  steered  a  due  west  course,  and  at  6  o'clock  A. 
M.  crorsed  a  road  much  used  both  by  horse  and  foot, 
bearing  due  north.  I  now  knew  that  I  was  near  a  Shaw- 
ianese  village,  generally  supposed  to  be  on  the  waters  of 
While  river,  but  actually  on  the  waters  o^  the  Ca'umet, 
and  was  sensible  that  every  thing  depended  on  the  ce- 
lerity and  silence  of  my  movements,  as  May  real  object 
had  become  manifest,  I  therefore  pushed  my. march  vig- 
oirously  leaving  an  ofiicer  and  twenty  men  in  ambush  to 
watch  the  road,  in  order  to  intercept  or  beat  offahy  party 
of  the  enemy  which  might  casually  be  passing  that  way, 
and  thereby  prevent  as  long  as  possible  the  discovery  of 
Iny  real  intentions. 

At  8  o'clock  I  crossed  Calumet  river,  how  80  yards 
wide,  and  running  down  N.  N.  W.  I  was  now  sensible 
^om  my  reckoning  compared  with  my  own  observ^  tottsi 


^Hag  the  late  txpcdiVioo.  under  Gf»,  S<W)*t„  mA  flia 
informttlon  received  from  your  E«H»BenQy  a»d  dthet% 
tbai  I  could  not  be  ymj  !m  from'  UAnguille,    Th«  Barb 
ty  left  at  the  road,  soon  fell  in  with  four  warriort^*. 
camped  hdf  itmilefro»tke  right  of  my  line  of  mireh, 
WJcd  one  and  drove  off  tbe  othew  to  tlie  nowb^rd^ 
Mjr  suuaiion  had  now  become   extff mely  critical^  thf 
whole  country  i.  ihc  nor  lb  being  i„  alarm,  wbkb  made 
we  greatly  anxiou.  to  continue  my  march  during  thf 
Pight,  but  I  had  no  path  to  direct  me.  and  it  was  impos- 
Bible  for  me.  to  keep  my  course,  or  f or  borsemep  to  march 
through  a  thick  swampy  country  in  otter  darfcnest.    J 
quitted  my  camp  on  the  Tth,.  as  soon  as  U  could  see  my 
W»  crossed  one  path  at  three  mile^  distance,  bearing 
W.  E.  and  at  seven  miles  f,Bll  ima  anqthei;  very  much 
U8<fd,  bearing  N.  W.  by  N.  which  I  at  once  adopted,  as 
the  direct   rout  to  my  object,  and-  pushed  forward  with 
the  utmost  despatch.    I  halted  at  n  o'clock  la  Fefresh 
thehor.e5,  and  examine  the  men's  arms  and  ammuQi- 
tion  5  marched  again  at  half  after  one,  find  at  15  min- 
utes before  fire  I  struck  the   Wabash,  at  one  ami  aQ 
half  leagiies  above  the  mouth  of  Eel  river,  being;  the 
very  spot  for  which  I  had  aimed  from  the  commence- 
ment  of  my  march,    I  crossed  the  river  and  following 
the  path  a  N.  by  E.  course,  at  the  distance  of  two  an4 
an  half  miles,  my  reconnoitreing  party  announced  Eel 
river  in  front,  and   the  town  on  the  opposite  bank*    I 
dismounted,  ran  foxward,  and  examined  the  situation  of 
the  t-wn  as  far  as  was  practicable  without  exposing  ray. 
sfelf,  but  the  whole  face  of  the  country  from  the  Wabash 
W  the  margin  of  Eel  river,  being  a  continued  thipket  of 
brambles,  black  jacks,  weeds  and  shrubs,  of   varloui 
kinds,  it  was  impossible  for  me  to  get  a  satisfactory  view 
without  endangering  »  discovery.    1  imjnediately  detcr- 
«ined  to  post  two  companies  near  the  bank  of  t|ie  rire^ 


—141-. 
•H«ix't»(bc  Iowa,  end  »bo»«Uie«Toini.l  fifc.. 

wfc,  «»„«»,,  ,  ,h.  «„,  b,„„i„     ^  ,,  i.le  7,"^ 
W.«.k,.  Corp.  ,„d  .he  «,vi»„u  g.Vd.  «d*.,„„u   U 

In  th.  momw«  I  w»>  «b«ui  <o  put  ihi.  .».«»,».„,  i. 
to  t«cotion,  word  w»  broMgb»  •»  il,.,  ZT       V 

to  make  the  smallest  rcsistanrp      q-  .  '* 

.  chUdw.™  killod,.hir.y.f„„r  priJer.  ^r.TkTJ^'1 
•n  ui.fortun.te  c.plj,e  rel«„d~wiih  ,h!7  r 
m.«  killed.  .„d  on.  wo„„d.d!ll  iTud  tw' , '"'  "'  ""• 
«d  .long  E.1  river  for  full  three  »,>,'"  *"""■ 
.l.~bby,.k  b„r.n.  in.,rwcterrire™.V,  "  "'"r 
mo«  i«p..„b,e.  .„d  imperviou.  ,;  C.  Jf'':,J^°f  * 

TrZ''^T::T''^ """  ''«cume..in  :'.7t::^ 

ine  repo.t  of  the  prisoner*,   very  few  »hn  i— .«  f  ^''^ 

mourned  fh    T  '"'"'**"'  •»««?*  «%^»  iad 

mounM  their  horses  and  rode  up  the  river  tlTp      ^ 

jjv     Mi^v    tCEjT  9i*|)     i^^u  |j|^ 


— U4— 

fiJlutwa  inforined  me  was  stored  about  two  miles  ffofH 
town.  I  detached  Major  Caldwell  in  quest  of  It,  but 
he  failed  to  make  any  discovery,  although  he  scoured  ih« 
Goutltry  for  seven  or  eight  miles  up  the  river.  1  encamp- 
ed In  the  town  that  night,  and  the  next  morning  I  cut  up 
the  corn  scarcely  in  the  milk,  burnt  the  cabins,  mounted 
Wy  young  warriors,  squaws  and  children  in  the  best  man- 
ner in  my  power,  and  leaving  two  infirm  squaws  and  m 
child  with  a  short  talk  (which  will  be  found  annexed)  I 
commenced  my  march  for  the  Kickapoo  town  in  the 
praire.— I  fell  my  prisoners  avast  incumbrance,  but  I 
was  not  in  force  to  justify  a  detachment,  having  barely 
523  rank  and  file,  and  being  then  in  the  bosom  of  the 
Ouiattanou  country,  orte  hundred  and  eighty  miles  re- 
moved from  succour,  and  not  more  than  one  and  a  half 
days  forced  march  from  the  Pattawamees,  Shawanese 
and  Delawares. 

Not  being  able  to  discover  any  path  in  the  direct  course 
to  the  Kickapoo  town,  I  marched  by  the  road  leading  to 
Tippecanoe,  in  the   hope  of  finding  some  diverting  trace 
-which  might  favor  my  design.— I  eiicamped  that  even- 
ing  about  six  miles  from   Kenapacomaque,   the  Indian 
nam*  for  the  town  I  had  destroyed,  aiui  marched  next 
morning  at  four  o'clock.— My  course  continued  west  till 
about  nine  b»clock,when  I  turned  to  the  north  west  on  a 
ateall  hunting  path,  and  at  a  5*hort  distance  I  launched 
into  the  boundless  praires  of  the  west,   with  the   inten- 
tion to  pursue  that  course,    until  I  should  strike  a  road 
-which  leads  from  the  Pattawamees  of  I  ake  Mitchigan, 
'^mediately  to  the  town  I  soaght.     With  this  view   I 
pushed   forward,    through  bog  after  bog,   to  the  saddle 
■kirts  in  iriud  and  water,  and  after  persevering  for  eight 
hours,  I  found  myself  environed  on  aT  sides  with  mo- 
rasses  which  forbade  ray  advancing,   and  at  the  same 
I'.jj.^  ^^P^^.»H  it  aiSirnU  ibr  me  to  extricate  <ny  little  ar- 


ttjr.  The  wty  by  which  we  had  ente^'cd  wai  so  miicll 
beat  and  loftencd  by  the  hones,  that  it  was  almost  im- 
possible to  return  by  that  route,  and  my  guides  pronoun- 
ced the  morass  in  front  impassable. — A  chain  of  thin 
groves  extending  in  the  direction  to  the  Wabash,  at  this 
time  presented  lo  my  left,  it  was  necessary  I  should  gain 
these  groves,  and  for  this  purpose  I  dismounted,  went 
forward,  and  leading  my  horse  through  a  bog  to  the  arm- 
pits in  mud  and  water,  with  difficulty  and  fatigue  I  ac- 
complished my  object,  and  changing  my  course  to  S.  by 
W.  I  regained  the  Tippecanoe  .oad  at  5  o'clock,  and  en- 
camped on  it  at  i  o'clock,  after  a  march  of  thirty  miles,' 
which  broke  down  several  of  my  horses. 

I  am  the  more  minute  in  detailing  the  occurrences  of 
this  day  because  they  produced  the  most  unfavorable 
effect.  I  was  in  motion  at  four  next  morning,  and  at 
eight  o'clock  my  advanced  guard  made  some  discoveries, 
^hich  induced  me  to  believe  we  were  near  an  Indian  vil- 
hige.  I  immediately  pushed  that  body  forward  in  a  trot, 
and  followed  with  Major  Caldwell  uu  .e  3nd  bat- 
talion, leaving  Major  M'Dowell  ti  take  charge  of  the 
prisoners.  I  reached  'J  ippecant  .  j>t  12  o'clockv  which 
had  been  occupied  by  the  enemy,  who  watched  my  no- 
tions and  abandoned  the  place  that  morning.  After  the 
destrtiction  of  this  town  in  1  jne  last,  the  enemy  had  re- 
turned and  cultivated  their  corn  and  pulse,  which  I  found 
in  high  perfection  and  .n  much  greater  quantity  than  at 
L'Anguilhi.  To  refresh  my  horses  and  give  time  to  cut 
down  the  corn,  I  determined  to  halt  until  ihcYext  morn- 
ing, and  then  refiume  my  march  to  the  Kickapoo  town 
in  the  praire,  by  the  road  which  leads  from  Ouiattan- 
au  to  that  place.  In  the  course  of  the  day  I  had  dis- 
covered some  murmurings  and  discontent  among  the 
men,  which  I  found  on  enquiry  to  proceed  from  their 
reluctance  to  advance  into  the  enemy's  country;  this 


\ 


—14^— 


induced  me  to  call  for  a  state  of  the  horses  and  protj- 
aionj,  when  to  my  great  mortification  270  horses  were 
returned  lame  and  tired,  with  barely  five  day's  proyisioD 
for  the  men.  '  ' 

Under  these  circumstances  I  was  compelled  to  aban- 
don my  designs  upon  the  Kickapoos  of  the  praire,  and 
wiUia  degree  of  anguish  not  lobe  comprehended  but 
by  those  who  have  experienced  similar  disappointments ; 
I  marched  forward  to  a  town  of  the  same  nation,  situate 
about  three  leagues  west  of  Oulattanou— as  I  advanced 
to  the  town,  the  enemy  made  some  shew  of  fighlint; 
me,  but  fanished  at  my  approach.  I  destroyed  this 
town  consisting  of  thirty  houses,  with  a  considerable 
quantity  of  corn  in  the  milk,  and  the  same  day  I  moved 
on  to  Ouiaitanao,  where  I  forded  the  Wabash,  and  pro- 
ceeded  to  the  site  of  the  villages  on  the  margin  of  the 
praire,  where  I  encamped  at  7  o'clock.  At  this  town 
and  the  villages  destroyed  by  Gen.  Scott  in  June,  we 
found  the  corn  had  been  re  planted,  and  was  now  in  high 
cultivation,  several  fields  being  well  ploughed,  all  which 
we  destroyed.  On  the  12th  I  resumed  my  march,  and 
falling  iiito  Gen.  Scott's  return  trace,  I  arrived  without 
material  accident  at  the  rapids  of  the  Ohio,  on  the  21st 
inst.  after  a  march,  by  accurate  compulation,  of  451 
miles  from  Fort  Washington. 

The  services  which  I  have  been  able  to  render  fall 
short  of  my  wishes,  my  intention  and  expectation— but, 
Sir,  r  hen  you  reflect  on  the  causes  which  checked  my 
career,  and  blasted  my  designs,  I  flatter  myself  you  will 
believe  every  thing  has  been  done  which  could  be  done  in 
my  circumstances ;  I  have  destroyed  the  chief  town  of 
the  Ouiattanau  nation,  and  made  prisoners  the  sons  and 
•isters  of  the  king  ;  1  have  burnt  a  respectable  Kickapoo 
village,  and  cut  down  at  least  430  acres  of  corn,  chiefly 
in  the  milk*    The  Ouiattanous  left  without  horses,  home. 


or  provision,  must  cease  to  war,  apd  will  find  activa    ' 
•mploy  to  subsist  their  squawrs  and  children  during  ibe 
impending  winter* 

Should  these  services  secure  to  the  country  which  I 
immediately  represented,  and  ihe  corps  which  I  had  the 
honor  to  command,  the  favorable  consideration  of  govern- 
ment, I  shall  infer  the  approbation  of  my  own  conduct, 
which,  added  to  a  consciousness  of  having  done  my  duty, 
will  constitute  the  richest  reward  I  can  enjoy. 

With  the  most  perfect  respect,  I  have  the  honor  to  be 
your  Excellency'*  obedient  and  most  humble  servant. 

iJAMES  WILKINSON. 
Gov*  Sr,  Clair, 


A  talk  from  Col,  Wilkikson,  to  the  Indian  Nations  living 
on  the  river  Wabash. 

"  THE  arms  of  the  United  States  arc  again  ex- 
trted  against  you,  and  again  your  towns  are  in  flames, 
and  your  wives  and  children  made  captives— again  you 
«re  cautioned  to  liaten  to  the  voice  of  reason,  to  sue  for 
peace,  and  submit  to  the  protection  of  the  United  States, 
who  are  willing  to  become  your  friends  and  fathers ;  but, 
at  the  same  time,  are  determined  to  punish  you  for  every 
injury  you  may  offer  to  their  children.  Regard  not 
those  evil  counsellors,  who,  to  secure  to  themselves  the 
benefits  of  your  trade,  advjse  you  to  measures  which  in- 
volve you,  your  women  and  children,  in  trouble  and  dis- 
tress. The  United  States  wish  to  give  you  peace  ;  be- 
cause it  is  good  in  the  eyes  of  the  Great  Spirit,  that  all 
his  children  should  unite  and  live  like  brothers  j  but  if 
you  foolishly  prefer  war,  their  warriors  are  ready  to  meet 
you  m  battle,  and  will  not  be-the  first  to  lay  down  t^e 
fsStchgt*    You  rauy  find  your  scjuawi  and  your  chilqitti 


'^'^'imimmiiiiikmiti^^llf'^ 


lender  Uie  protection  of  our  great  chief  an4  Wtrrip^ 
jGeneral  St.  Clair,  at  Fort  Washington ;  to  him  you 
will  make  all  applications,  for  an  exchange  of  prisoner!, 
jor  for  peace. 

JAMES  WILKINSON." 


PEFEAT  OF  GENERAL  ST.  CLAIR, 
By  the  INDIANS— 1791.. 

GeKv  ST.  CLAIR  TO  thk  SECRETARY  of  WAR. 


"  5  i  Jf, 


^^Fort  WaihiPgton,  Nov»  9,  1791' 


<'  YESTERDAY  afternoon  the  remains  of  th^ 
army  under  my  command  got  back  to  thia  plac^,  and  I 
have  now  the  painful  task  to  give  an  account  of  as  warm, 
and  as  unfortunate  an  action  as  almost  any  that  has  been 
fought,  in  which  every  corps  was  engaged  and  worsted, 
except  the  first  regiment,  that  had  been  detached  upon  » 
service  I  had  the  honor  to  inform  you  of  in  my  last  des- 
patch, and  had  not  joined  me. 

On  the  3d  inst.  the  army  had  reached  a  creek  about 
twelve  yards  wide  running  to  the  southward  of  west, 
which  I  believe  to  have  been  the  river  St;  Mary,  that 
^'  *p?^*®^  '"^0  **>«  Miami  of  the  lake,  arrived  at  the  village 
V  -  Jlout  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  having  marched  near  9 
ihiiles,  and  were  immediately  encamped  upon  a  very  com* 
manding  piece  of  ground  in  two  lines,  having  the  above 
mentioned  creek  in  fsont,  the  right  wing  composed  of 
jSutler's,  Clarke's,  and  Patterson's  battalions,  com- 
manded by  Major  General  Butler,  formed  the  first  line, 
and  the  left  wing  consisting  of  Bxdin«rr's  and  Gat- 


f  pun's  b|tt»Uoa8,  and  twc  second  regiment  commanded 
\>y  Col.  DaAKB,  formed  the  second  line,  with  an  intcnral 
iMtween  them  of  about  seventy  yards,  which  was  all  the 
ground  would  allow* 

The  right  flank  was  pretty  well  secured  by  the  creek,  a 
ateep  bank,  andFAULKENER's  corps,  some  of  the  cavalry 
and  their  piquets  covered  the  left  flank  t  the  militia  were 
thrown  over  the  creek  and  advanced  about  one  quarter  of 
a  mile,  and  encamped  in  the  same  order ;  there  were  a 
few  Indians  who  appeared  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
creek,  but,  fled  with  the  utmost  precipitation  on  the  ad- 
vance of  the  militia  ;  at  this  place,  which  I  judged  to  be 
about  15  miles  from  the  Miami  village,  I  had  determined 
to  throw  up  a  fl'~Ht  work,  the  plan  of  which  was   con- 
certed that  67       .'  with  Major  Fbbousom,  wherein   to 
have  deposited  ^nc  men's  knapsacks,  and  every  thing  else 
that  was  net  of  absolute  necessity,  and  to  have  moved  on 
to  attack  the  enemy  as  soon  as  the  first   regiment  was 
come-up,  but  they  did  not  permit  me  to  cxecuf.  eui-sr  ; 
for  on  the  4th,  about  half  an  hour  before  sun-ric^  and 
when  the  men  had  been  just  dismissed  from  the  parade, 
(for  it  was  a  constant  practice  for  to  have  them  all  under 
arms  a  considerable   lime  before  light)   an  attack  was 
made  upon  the  militia ;  those  gave  way  in  a  very  little 
liihe,  and  rushed  into  camp,  through  Maj.  Butl.r's  bat- 
talion,  which,  together  with  part  of  CLAar.«'s  they  threw 
into  considerable  disorder,  and  which  notwithstanding 
the  exertions  of  both  these  officers,  was  never  altogether 
remedied,  the  Indians  followed  close  at  their  heels ;   the 
are  however  of  the  front  line  checked  them,  but  almost 
instantaneously  a  very  heavy  attack  began  upon  that  hoe, 
and  iu  a  few  minutes  it  was  extended  to  the  second  like- 
wise;  the  great  weight  of  it  was  directed  agamst  the 
centre  of  each,  where  the  artillery  was  placed,  and  from 
l»|,jch  the  men  were  repeatedly  driven  wiihiffitt  «augh. 


—  150— 

««  f.„,„  i„  .„  q„X     8™'  ■""»■•«  Of  men  wh„ 
tTc  ^^-'>'  '""Cr'  "«""'^  '•  "^ 

•    '«ft  flank  of  (he  encmv      Th  ""'  °'"' '"  ""•»  •»« 

sDirit.    Tk.  t    ,•        '■     •''"*"  «Muled  with  .' 
=P'm.    The  Indians  inwamly  gave  wav  \1a  *  *" 

b«fc  three  or  four  h„„<,„j  /^^"f  "7'  ""' "««  driven 

^  «--.n. number  of  nfl.n.en'j'ptie  h  ,  .7'"'  "^^  •°^- 
•oon  relumed  and  the  Iroons  «Z  \  "'''»'"•««.  Ikey 
"•«i-  'urn.  A.  .hi.  moZ.  I  TT^  '"  «'«  ""ck  in 
"y  ".e  left  fl«,k.  hav"rp»  '  e?  K  ."""*"  ™'  "™P 
«"P  pos.ed  .here.  ^  '^  ""'  "''"'  "»  «■•«*>  Hat 
Another  charge  was  made  here  h,  ,u 

««•«.,, „d  it  w.srepeatedsever.lr""''    "'""  «""•? 
.ucee..-b«  in  .H  of  I'm  """  •"""'  *'"• 

P«"ic»larl,  the  officer.   »Lh-r"  *"«  "■«•  "J 

7  • «.« ."o^ethn^rm'  .'h.:"\rr.  r  •"«'»• 

of  made  by  the  seconH  .•  .  ^'*'*'*'<'-    «  that  I  just  spoke 

cer  of  the  second  reirimL,  r  ..     ^°"***^««»  «nd  c?ery  offi- 

Capt.  Ghk.xok!  wf»r  f:   "'^"^  '''"*  "'  °'^'^^'' 
Our  artillerv  k  ''"^°"«^'»  *^«  body. 

i'  became  «.ce,«rr»  ,  !  '  nt  T  ""  ""  '""^  "«  ««''• 
•nake  .  retreat  if  pos^t  To  .1  "^""'"^  "'  '"d  '» 
"-^  ".e  army  was  f^™  a  „  w"^, ','"  ^T"  ""  "■»"" 
•dmit,  toward,  .he  right  !f  A  '='"=''"«"'«»  would 
which,  by  the  way  of  the.  JL.  «''«'«'Pn>en( ;  from 
"•"d'  upon  the  . 'emy^^a  "  X"h:  d*""'""  """"^  *'" 

"  "  *••  ^P*"'  ">«  WiUti.  took  along  u, 


■iimiM 


felhowcd  by  the  troops— Mai.  Clamk  \..m.  i.-     l 
covering  ihe  rear.  ^"^  ''^   ^•"«»^«« 

The  retreat  in  those  circumstance   ».« 

and  Ihe  artillery  were  .bandoned,  bof  Z  "P 

ble,  fop  not  a  horse  was  left  2e  „  h  a  """""'"'«<'«■ 
i<  o,h.rwi.e  been  pract  cab  e  ^m  .h  *'"'  "  "'^''"' 
par.  of  the  b.^nel  i..  .h«  ■.Hc'^rea  r.rp^t  otrhr"' 
•hrew  away  their  arm,  and  accoofremems  1/  r  !" 
pursuit  (Which  continued  about  fooTjir.;  ^e  '^d 
I  found  the  road  .tr.w«l  with  them  fo-  mant  '  f," 

notrpSdru  r^rT'coX"  °r  "■"  ~"'* 

».p.lf.  and  the  order,  I, ?„  for"  '     "  .  '"  '""'"'" 

front,  or  prerent  the  m.Vf  '  ""'"' '°  ''»"  ">« 

I'rcrent  the  men  from  paninir  with  n,.:. 
were  uoaiiended  to.  Fining  witn  theip  arms, 

»ine  milet  Sr,  rTachV;  a^,  ^t" "-  -"- 
The  action  began  about  half  an  Jou  b  f  '  '"•""""«• 
•he  retreat  was  aitemptedlllf  al '!*"'  T""'  "«' 
clock.  ^  "'"  *"  ""onr  after  nine  o' 

1  have  not  yet  been  able  to  «t  r«u™.     r    . 

P««.y  for  privat'e  Z^^lTZ^rj^r  ""  ^^'"- 
have  noihino.  Sif  t«  .  '^     "*^  misfortune.     I 

•heir  want  codicil? ';;'"?"''  "'  "" '""P'  ""' 
had  been  i„  ser.icL   ^1  """  """=  "■«'' 

.c,uired,  and"';-:;  eX::~  ;sr\''"r  *- 

were  thrown  iuto  conf...-  '^     ®*'"^''  '^''«n  they 

,  — ^  .v»,  M»3  i«ica  so  lieavy 


I: 


I 


-.lit— 

ijpon  the  officers,  who  did  every  thing  in  their  power  i8 
effect  it.— Neither  were  my  own  exertions  wanting,  but 
worn  down  with  illness,  and  suffering  under  a  painful 
disease,  unable  either  to  mount  or  dismount  a  horse 
without  assistance,  they  were  not  so  great  as  they  other- 
wise  would,  or  perhaps  Oiight  to  have  been. 

We  were  overpowered  by  numbers ;  but  it  is  no  more 
than  justice  to  observe,  that  though  composed  of  so  ma- 
ny different  species  of  troops,  the  utmost  harmony  pr*. 
vailed  through  the  whole  army  during  the  campaign. 

At  Fort  Jefferson  I  found  the  first  regiment,  which 

had  returned  from  the  service  they  had  been  sent  upon, 

without  either  overtaking  the  deserters,  or  meeting  the 

convoy  of  provisions.    I  am  not  certain.  Sir,  whether  I 

ought  to  consider  the  absence  of  this  regiment  from  the 

i^eld  of  action  as   fortunate  or  otherwise.    X  incline  to 

think  it  was  fortunate  ;  for  I  very  much  doubt,  whether, 

had  it  been  in  the  action,  the  fortune  of.the  day  had  been 

tuined,  and  if  it  had  not,  the   triumph  of  the  enemy 

would  have  been  more  complete,  and  the  country  would 

have  been  destitute  of  every  means  of  defence. 

Taking  a  view  of  the  situation  of  our  broken  troops  at 
Fort  Jefferson,  and  that  there  was  no   provisions  in  the 
fort,  I  called  on  the  field  officers  for   their  advice  what 
would.be  proper  further  to  be  done  ;  and   it   was  their 
unanimous  opinion,  that  the  addition  of  the   first  rcgi- 
ment  unbroken  as  it  was,  did  not  put  the  army  on  so  re- 
spectable a  footing  as  it  was  in  the  morning,  because  a 
great  part  of  it   w^s  now  unarmed  :  that  it  had  been 
found  cneq«al  to  the  enemy,  and  should  they  come  on, 
which  was  probable,  would  be  found  so  again  j  that  the 
troops  could  not  be  thrown  into  the  fort,  both  because  it 
WIS  too  small,  and  that  there  was  no  provision  in  it. 

That  provision*  were  known  to  be  upon  the  road  ^ 
the  distance  of  one  or  at  most  two  marches ;  that  there- 


/  ■ 


fore  it  would  be  proper  to  more  wittiout  Ion  of  time  t« 
meet  the  provisioM,  ivhen  the  men  might  hare  the  soon* 
br  an  opportanitx  of  some  refreshment,  end  that  a  prop, 
er  detachment  might  be  sent  back  with  it,  to  have  it 
•afeljr  deposited  in  the  fort. 

This  advice  was  accepted,  and  the  armf  waa  put  in 
motion  again  a'  ten  o'clock,  and  marched  all  night,  and 
the  succeeding  day  met  wiih  a  (Quantity  of  flour,  part  of 
it  was  distributed  immediately,  part  t^ken  back  to  sup. 
ply  the  army  on  the  march  to  Fort  Hamilton,  and  tho 
remainder,  about  fifty  horse  loads  sent  forward  to  Fort 
Jefferson* 

I  have  said  Sir,  in  the  former  part  of  my  communic»- 
tion,  that  we  were  overpowered  by  numbers ;  of  that 
however,  I  have  no  other  evid-^nce,  but  the  weight  of  thd 
fire  whrdh  was  always  a  most  deadly  one  and  generally 
delivered  from  the  ground,  lew  of  the  enemy  Shewing 
themselves  on  foot,  except  when  they  were  charged  and 
^ihat  in  a  few  minutes  our  whole  camp  vyhich  extended  a- 
bove  350  yards  in  length,  was  entirely  surrounded  and 
alticked  on  all  quarters. 

The  loss.  Sir,  the  public  has  sustained  by  the  fall  of 
w  many  officers,  particularly  General  Butler,  and 
Major  FERGUsuN,cannotbetoomuch  regretted ;  but  it  i« 
H  circumstance  that  will  alleviate  the  misfortune  in  some 
measure,  that  all  of  them  fell  most  gallantly  doing  their 
duty.     I  have  the  honor  to  be,  Sir,  your  most  obedient 

'";'^"*'  AUTHUR  ST.  CLAIR." 

"  Hon.  Secretary  of  War,* 


tt 


f  he  defeat  of  Gen.  St.  Clair  took  place  Mthin  aiK 

mdesofthe  Miami  village.    The  loss  on  this  occa*iaa 

•was  about  sis  hundred  killed  and  wounded  (said  to  be 

-any  equaS  to  Braddqcks  defeat)  with  seven  piecei  of 


>  1  .**  miiiUi.     The  I„di.„.  g.;;  on.  «r.„rT? 

^::^.:Trt.t^rjit^-  f  ;^f- 
"""xUd  ,n  the  citttgment  :^ 
i„rf '^"/■~'  '""J'"G«"",I,  1  Lieut.  Colonel,  4  M.. 
jo«,  llCapum.,    JO  LieutenMtt,   9  En«.rn.    i   f    ' 
gcon— Total  sr.  '        *^"Bni.  «   bur- 

BesWe  the  .boTe,  there  were  .boat  SJO  prirate.  klll.» 
«»<l  many  more  wounded-few  officer,  of  Ji«*  .' 
cped  except  Gen.  Sr.  C.J,  ^/".d  .^2"      "  "" 
-.p...  eight  b.,U  p.„ed  though   hi."  cSerrZ 

.-.w..  .uiTdrho-wfirr.r:.':  :t:cu^r: 

"•tion  01,   ,he,r  w.,  ,0  join  Gen.   Sr.  u.»,  fcu,  aT* 


■\  ('" 


.-t- 


■^:,' 


■fif-    .1'-,: 


-i-V 


^: 


bid  abnot 
>d  ii«pt  his 
u«re.    The 

I  the  lines, 
compottfd 

nd  rushed 
'»y  lo  the 
ought  into 

II  into .  the 

f  men  f 
obstinaie- 
Sf,  Claim 
bic  order, 
'  miles  in 
e  miles*    . 

» 
Aiiled  and 

.   4   Ma-. 
I  1   Sur- 

il^aptaint, 

• 

es  kllleii 
ction  ea- 

narroir 
B.    The 

•n  iht 
eneraKg 
d  by  « 
ny  "With 
ickasavr 

but  d>4 


'.  n 


?,■:* 


I  \  :■::•  ^  ■ 


W  .-4] 


•  ♦ 


jy*^ 


'V'^ 


^...mSlji, — jlMi  ..a.,a^,„, 


-  *;^sw>.a*¥!».,  yff»  »^^,- 


.^asSRJfgW 


-■*a,.;««2-.'     .  .^Xi^f 


''V. 


Mt  9rriv«  in  season— there  was  tut  Aira  fenow  onlf  o 
that  nation  in  the  aetioOf  who  killed, and   scalped  el^ew 
of  the  enemy  with  his  own    hands,  and  enc^af^ing  wMl 
•he  twelfth,  be   fell,  greatly  laifiented  by   the   Am^ck 
cane.**       ■•■•'■'    i  -  ,  ^ 

•fajar^eneral  Burt.tiK  was  wounded  and  carrieC 
#ttnvenieMf  place  to  have  his  wounds  dressed,  %m  itt 
4ian  having  discovered  the  place  to   which  he   was, 
nyed,  broke  through  the  troops  who  attended  him, 
toroal|0iXyii  and  scalped  the  former  before   he  was 
Hdhf  iidCrod^uJ-^l^lC!*  Sec  PLite,} 

Agreeable  to  the  statetnent  of  the  Indiana,  they^JjRf- 
In  450  of  the  American  troops,  and  took  seven  pie^ 
of  catinon— 300  oxen  and  a  great  number  of  hursea,^e 
op  prisoners— and  that  their  losrwas  only  6fty.lt*  #ii?ri- 
ors  killed— They  suted  that  they  were  4000  string, 
ind  were  commanded  by  one  of  the  Missasago  Itidt%fksi 
who  had  been  in  the  British  service  n  the  late  war  flbat 
he  planned  and  conducted  the  attack,  which  w  %  emM 
contrary  to  the  opinion  of  a  majority  of  the  cKiefs— and^ 
that  after  the  Americans  began  their  retreat,  he  ttl^hl 
the  Indians  they  had  killed  enough,  and  that  it  was  propf 
er  to  give  over  the  pursuity  and  return  and  enjoy  %h» 
hooty  they  had  taken— he  waa  six  feet  in  hbighti^aholil 
45  years  of  age,  of  a  very  sour  and  mat-oae  coumeniidiEir, 
luid^parently  very  crafty  and  st;  iile— his  dress  fi^al«; 
dial)  hose  and  moccasons,  a  blue  petticoat  that  cameliitf 
way  down  his  thiglis,  an  European  waistcoat  and  surttl^  ; 
his  head  was  bound  with  an  Indian  cup  that  hung  h^H 
Way  down  his  back,  and  almost  entirely  fiiied  with  plaia 
silver  bro^  hes  t  >  the  number  of  more  than  two  hund* 
red  i  he  had  two  ear-ruigs  to  each  ear  j  the  upper  gar^ 
of  each  was  formed  of  three  silver  medaJs  aboul^^ 
»ize  of  a  dollar  }  the  Ipwer  part  was  formed  of  (^ji^ri 
9f  dollars,  and  fell  mora  than  19  inches  from  i^M^h 


l.% 


■:3r'»i?.\ 


I 


■-«Sw  ■  "••"•■••>» 


fr 


^■J-'' 


^ 


.^u'^f. 


*; 

r.^4:' 


% 


■\^rv ''-'    '  '     l,,'~»'.   i'^^&?*^'Cf.V- 


■'=f^5Hc;, 


^^f¥^of   GENMMAI.    BTLJlBrt 


!<-. 


yoe  from  each  ear  over  hi*  breaftt«-.thc  other  o]rer  Wi 
fcackf  he  had  three  very  larje  note  jewels  of  tilVer  th^t 
^'ere  curiously  painted. 

The  party  of  friendly  Chickasawt;  who  Were  on  their 
way  to  join  the  American  troops  arrived  at  Fort  leffer. 
ion  two  days  after  the  bloody  actioiu^They  wet»  cam- 
manded  by  PioMiMGo,  or  the .  Moiimain  Leader.— O^ 
their  way  they  discovered  that  the  troops  liad  been  do- 
featea,  bot  saw  but  one  of  the  enemy,  who,  mistaking 
PioMiMco's  party  for  some  of  his  own  comradeS)  made 
ttp  to  them  5  he  perceived  his  mistake,  bot  too  late  to 
retreat ;  he  w^s  accosted  by  Piomimgo,  with  "  liascai 
^m  have  6cen  hillipg  white  nun.**  He  endeavored  to  ex. 
culpate  h'msclf,  but  Pioii ingo  ordered  two  of  his  war. 
riors  to  expand  bis  arms,  and  a  third,  fD  old  man  (fof 
aays  PioiiiuGo,  «  none  of  my  young  men  ihaU  disgrace 
themselves  so  much  as  to  kill  a  wretch  like  thee")  t0 
•hoot  ban  through  the  heart,  which  was  accordingty  e«. 
ecuted  { they  afterwards  took  off  his  scalp. 

During  Sn  Claim's  bloody  engagement,  Adjma»t 
muc^ss  received  two  wounds,  the  second  of  which 
proved  mortali  after  the  receipt  of  the  Brst,  hecontift. 
lied  to  fight  with  distinguifthed  gallantry ;  the  second 
ti^foriunately  stopped  his  progress;, faint  with  the  loss 
pf  blood,  he  fell  ?  a  woman,  who  atiended-him  and  WM* 
particularly  attached  to  him,  raised  him  up,  ancLwhiii? 
supporting  him  in  her  arms,  received  a  ball  in  herbreast, 
f  feich  put  an  immediate  end  to  ht:  existence  •  ' 


V*  > 


% 


INDIANS  DEFEATED. 

A  few  weeks  after  the  defeat  of  the  tftoops  under  Gen* 
St.  Claii,  Gen.  Scott  despatched  from  the  men  under 
hw  command  two  spies  to  reconhoitre  the  enemy,  who, 
When  they  arrived  at  the  distance  of  a  few  miles  from' 
the  fatal  spot  where  the  bloody  action  was  fought,  thev 
fliscovered  a  large  party  of  IndUns  diverting  and  enjoy- 
IDg  themselves  with  the  plunder  they  had  tak6n,  riding 
the  bullocks,  &c.  and  appeared  to  be  mostly  drunk-the 
inen  returned  and  communicated  the  important  inlorma, 
Uon  to  Gen.  Scott,  who  immediately  thereupon  divic   J 

il* J!'T*  '"*°  ^'"■'^  ^''*"<''^«»  ^^^«"=«^  »nd  f«^"  on  the 
my  bjr  furprisc^^ihe  contest  was  .hon  but  victorous 
pn  the  part  of  the  American  troops  |  two  hundred  of  the 
tnemy  ivere  killed  on  the  spot,  aU  the  cannon  and  store! 
m  their  possession  retaken,  and  tfe  remainder  of  the 
tavag«body  put  toflight.-Gen.  Scdtt  losing  but  si, 

ffr^lT''"*^  '°  ?^~^  quarters  in  tri.mpJb.  with  most  of 
the  cattle,  stores,  &c* 

thf-nn^*"'^   ?'!  '^'  ^**"*'^'"«^  aiccting  account  Of 

^^T^  ^  *''^"'  ^*'''^^*^«  bloody  action 
between  the  American  troops,  under  Qen.  St.Claih, 
andtbpsavagi;.,  was  fought  ;^«  The  place  had  a  verr 

^^^w^!?'**'***^*■"""''^J^  •»«»<*  space  of  35a  yari 
lay  500  skuU  bones^aoo  of  which  we.;  buried  by  my 

aTdfl^'^'"     !^''""''  from  ihence  for  8ve  miles  on,  " 
and  from  the  road,  through  the  woods,  wa.  strewed  with 
fkoleions,  muskets,  &c."  ^ 


DEFEAT  OF  MlAJOH  M'MAHON. 


^»th  (|0  riOemen.  undep  Ui*  ^ 


0mi^%*  UAftTa* 


* 


—  158— 


»0BK,  and  50  dragoons  under  the  command  of  of  Cap!* 
Taylor,   for   Fort  Recovery,  as  an  escort  to  300  pack- 
horses  loaded  vnib  flour  for  that  garrison  t  on  the  monif 
ing  following  after  they  had  deposited  their  loading,  and 
were  preparing  to  set  out  on  their  return,   they  were  at- 
tacked by  an  army  of  1200  Indians  ;  Capt.  Hartshork, 
who  had  advanced  with  the  riflemen  about  a  quarter  of « 
mile  into   the  woods,    immtdiately  took  post  on   a  very 
strong  commanding  piece  of  ground  near  the  garrison, 
and  with  unparallelled  bravery  maintained  the   unequal 
fight,  till  Maj.  M'Mahon,   who  had   put  him«elf  at  the 
head  of  the  cavalry,  was  killed,  as  was  Capt.  Tatlos,  ami 
Cornet  Terry,   and  many  of  the  men   wounded.     The 
enemy  now  put  their  force  against   Capt.  Hartshorn, 
and   the  moment   when  •  they  were   pushing   to  cut  off 
hii  communication  with  the  garrison,  L'cut.  Drake,  and 
Ensign  Dop,  sjdlied  out  at  the  head  of  30  brave  fellows^ 
•who  turned  out  voluntarily  on  the  occasion,  and  joined 
him,  after  beating  the  enemy  back  at  the  point  of  the 
bayonet ;  at  this  instant  the  brave  Capt.  Hartshorn  re- 
ceived a  shot  which  broke  his  thigh.     Lieut.  Crais  was 
killed,  and  Lieut.  Marks  taken  prisoner.     Lieut.  Dhakb 
now  ordertd  a  retreat,  and  in  endeavoring  to  hold  the  en- 
emy in  check,  so  as  to  give  the  men  time  to  save  Capt. 
Hartshork,   he  received  a  shot  in  the  groin.    The  ene- 
my now  pressed  so  hard  as  to  compel  the  men  to  leave 
their  captain. 

•  Great  numbers  of  the  Indians  must  have  been  killed 
as  they  came  forward  in  solid  columns,  up  to  the  muzzle 
of  the  guns.'  Lieut.  Michael,  who  was  with  Captain 
Hartshorn,  but  whom  he  had  detached  with  a  few  active 
men  to  the  flnnk  of  the  enemy,  was  now  missing  ;  and 
while  their  companions  in  the  fort  were  deploring  their 
fate  and  had  given  them  up  as  lost,  they  saw  him  and 
Lieut.  Majocs  mshing   through  the  thick,  of  the  enemjr 


«  opposHe  dirw^-ons,  «nd  though  number,  nf 

American,  was  « 1 1™  /""=  f°»"-">«  los.  of  ,te 

P.«r  co„,ma„d.d  by  Ca'p,  i:tr'  *°  "«"'"'"'-"■« 
«alps  „f  .1,.  e„.„y;       "•  ■^^*"""'  btoueht  in  .e» 


CHAP.  xr. 

•ko  killed  „.e  .wo  men  „'d  '  '  ''■  '  "'"'  "'  '"<«'■». 
Soon  af.e,  ,.e,  Hbe J^dlTn  J^r"  f  '''  ^"^'• 
fc'mwi.1.  a.omaha«k,  »l>}cl.  .hey  d«^  ^  *' ^"'"""e 
'o  !.«  friend,  and  infora,  .hem  whaftdt*""  "'  "">' 
«ompanions.   ■  '  '"^  become  of  hit 

About  (he  20th,  a  par-»  of  r„rf; 
•f  .  Mr.  CH.»o:KT7,ima.ed  1      •"«*''"'•=  "P")*. 
Waba.h.  .he,  U,M  an     "CL^o^r""";'  "" 
««i  .oroabawked  and  .calped  WaHill'"'  '''«''"» 
fop  dead-Mr.  C.  (who  had  M.  !'     **""  "">' '«« 

of  "he  .avage,)  witHk!  ,  *™  "roken  by  .he  fir« 

.heir  "c^.-AZTSr'^r  "'  ""  '"""'y  ■»«'« 
«b.mb..,  and  who  ^rinX  Zd"  T  """"«• '»  "'^ 
«o...n  by  he,  fa.he,.  T.^Tt.ot:i 'rT? '''■ 
""?««  until  .he  succeeding  day  •  w^n  ^  ''""'' 

««">.'/  coming  „  i.„„,„^:^^.t:":::!""'^  "i« 


/ 


-..160— 


Ing  down  stairsi  where  she  was  inexpre«sibl7  shocked  at 
the  sight  of  a  beloved  parent  stretched  upon  the  floori 
almost  lifeless,  and  beside  of  whom  lay  the  mangled 
bodies  of  her  dear  brothers.  Fortunately,  her  unhappy 
father  returned  the  succeeding  day  to  ihe  house,  and  con* 
veyed  the  two  surviring  members  of  his  family  to  the 
house  of  a  friend,  where  they  finally  recovered. 

On  the  24th,  a  party  of  Indians  attacked  the  dwel- 
ling house  of  a  Mr:  ^oHtt  MESstLt  in  Nelson  county, 
(Kentucky.)— Mr*  Merrill  who  was  first  alarmed  by 
the  barking  of  his  dog,  hastened  to  the  door  to  discovet* 
the  cause,  on  opening  of  which,  he  received  the  fire  of  the. 
Indians  which  broke  his  right  leg  and  arm — the  Indians 
now  atiempted  to  enter  the  house,  but  was  prevented  by 
the  doors  being  immediately  closed  and  secured  by  Mrs* 
Mereil  and  her  daugblcr— the  Indians  succeeded  in 
hewing  away  a  part  of  the  door,  through  which  passage 
one  of  them  attempted  to  enter,  but  the  heroic  mother,  in 
the  midst  of  her  screaming  children  and  groaning  hus- 
band, seized  an  axe  and  gave  the  ruffian  a  fatal  blow  ;  af- 
ter which  she  hauled  him  thrpugh  the  passage  into  tho 
house !— the  others  (uncopscqus  of  the  fate  of  their  com- 
^nion)  supposing  that  they  had  now  nearly  succeeded  in 
their  object,  rushed  forward,  four  of  whom  Mis.  Merril 
in  like  manner  despatched  before  the  others  discovered 
their  mistake.— 'The  remaining  Indians,  aftef  reliriog  for 
A  few  moments,  returned  and  renewed  their  efforts  to  enter 
the  house—despairing  of  succeeding  i  the  door  they  got 
on  the  top  of  the  house  and  attempted!  to  descend  the 
chimney,  to  prevent  which  Mr.  Merril  directed  his  lit- 
tle son  to  empty  upon  the  fire  the  contents  of  a  feather* 
bed,  which  had  the  desired  effect,  as  the  smoke  and  heat 
caused  thereby,  soon  brought  down  rather  unexpectedly 
iwo  of  the  enemy  :— Mr.  Mesril  exerting  every  faculty 
«  this  critical  moment,  seized  a  billet  ol  wood  with 


a 


».■.'..,     '    .  .       , 

Hrhich  j^e  loon  despatched  the  two  half  amothcred  IndiaMi 
VhUp  in  the  mean  tiqae  his  heroic  wife  was  busily  engag- 
ed \^  defending  thf  door  against  the  efforts  of  the  only 
remaining  one,  whom  she  so  severely  wouqded  with  ao 
axe  that  he  was  soon  glad  to  retire. 

A  prisoner  who  escaped  from  the  enemy  soon  after 
the  transaction)  informed  that  tlie  wounded  ravage  above 
pientioned  was  the  only  one  that  escaped  of  the  party, 
which  consistcdof  eight— that  on  his  return  being  asked 
by  the  prisoner  "  what  news,"  he  answered  «  bad  news 
for  poor  Indian,  me  lose'  a  son,  me  lose  a  brother— the 
squaws  haye  taken  the  breach  clout  and  fight  worse  than 
the  **ZiOflg  Knivcf  /" 


Copy  of  a  letter  from  a  gentleman  residing  at  the  west- 
ward  to  a  friend  in  New  York,  dated, 

Marietta^  Februarf  1,  1792. 
«  Our  prospects  are  much  changed.— Instead  of  peacd 
and  friendship  with  our  Indian  neighbors,  a  horrid  savage 
war  stares  us  in  the  fade  ;  the  Indians,  instead  of  being 
humbled  by  the  destruction  of  the  Shawanese  towns,  anti 
brought  to  beg  for  peace,  appear  determined  on  a  gener- 
al war,  in  which  our  settlements  are  already  involved.— 
en  the  evening  of  the  second  instant,  they  fell  on  a  set- 
tlement about  forty  miles  up  the  Mubkingdom,  surprised 
ft  block-house,  killed  fourteen   persons,  and  carried  off 
three  others.    The  persons  killed  are,   John  and  Philip 
Stacy,  sons  to  Col.  William  Stacy,  from  New-Salem,  Ea- 
ra  Putnam,  son  to  Major  Eera  Putnam,  from  Middle- 
town,  in   Massachusetts,  John  Camp,  from  the  same 
place,  Jonathan  Farewell,  and  James  Cash,  and  William 
Patton,  from  New- Hampshire,  Zebulon   Troop,   from 
Baare,  William  James,  from  Connecticut,  Joseph  Clark 
from  Rhode-Island,  a  man  by  the  namtt  of  Meeks?  with 


lis  wife  and  children,  from  Virginia.    These  wetft  aK 
^lUed  in  and  at   the  block-houM;.    Francis  and  Isaa6 
Choat,  from  Lancaster,  and  one  Sh  iiw,  who  kept  at  a  hut 
•bout  50  rods  from  the  block  house,  was  not  found  by  live 
party  that  went  out,  and  it  is  hoped  that  they  are  priaoa- 
€rs.^What  nunrsbcr  of  Indians  were  concerned  in  this 
wischief,  or  from  what  tribe,  we  know  not,  but  mm  those 
Indians  who  till  lately  used  to  visit  our  settlement  cver^r 
day,  withdrawing  themselves  entirely  from  our  sight,  ever 
«nce  the  crpt-dition  against  the  Shawanesc,  there  is  littia 
reason  tt.  doubt  but  iNo  i>elawar«s  and  the  Wiandoies,  as 
^ell  as  others,  have  hid  a  h^.^A  m  ibb  nefarious  business. 
It  IS  impossible  for  mii  u,  gife  a  just  idea  of  the 
distress  into  which  thi%  t^^.m  baa  ,hrown  the  inhabitants, 
especiaS^y  those  of  ^^.c  imi  settlements.    For  my  own 
part  I  have  for  some  time  been  of  opinion,  that  the  spring 
would  open  with  a  general  attack  on  the  frontiers,  in  which 
event  I  did  net  esjpect  we  should  escape,  unless  govern- 
mm  should  timely  send  troops  for  our  protection,  which 
we  was  m  hopes  would  be  the  case.    But  it  seems  the 
•nemy  *.«  determined  to  take  advantage  of  our  defence- 
less  situat  on.    I  consider  this  event  as  the  forerunner  of 
other  attatkaofa  more  serious  nature,  and  which  may 
involve  us  in  complete  ruin,  unless  prevented  by  govern- 
xment  immediately  taking  measures  for  our  protection.^ 
To  their  prolectk>?i  I  conceive  we  always  had  an  indispu. 
table  claim,  which  claim,  if  possible,  is  increased  by  the 
circumstances  that  have  brought  us  under  the   resent- 
ment of  the  Indians^  and  at  least,  in  some  measure  pit)- 
duced  »he  mischiefi^  thas  we  are  fallen  into." 

Copy  of  a  letter  from  a  gentleman  in  Kentucky  to  his 
friend  in  Philadelphia,  dated 

March  3,  1793. 
f  M  to  the  Indiansi  they  naye  bleeQ  nroublcsomc  m.^ 


w[n««r.    Since  October  last,  60  perioni  hate  been  nii.4 

r™ ;; » r 'r ''"  *""«' ' "'"'  • "«!:;? '' 

ro,=u  o»  the  Ohio  ,  among  whom  i,  our  oM  „«,,!„. 
t«,c •,  Mr.  J„,K  Mat,  I.,e  of  Botetoate.  whoseV'kdc 

maniiy.     fh.  »e,tr  a  thus  related  by  a  capti.e  th.t  h.> 
..ey  m.d.  hi.e«.pe  from  the  rtdUn.,  „ho„„™ 
t    ^\  ""  """'"'"8  i'»'™ment  in  the  trogedy. 

.bou;'.h?,o;s"  r  p  ■r""'^  •"•  *"""  '^""'■-»  •"■>  oh.". 

shore  of  the  latter,  near  the  month  of  Scio-a,  a  white 
•MO,  .ho.  with  a  plaintiTe  voice,  wa.  calling,  for  God'. 
«^e.  «o  come  and  take  a  poor  prisoner  on  boaid,  that  »a« 
Mdearounng  to  escape  from  the  sawges.    This  had  the 

r~  *"  f:^!'    *"•  ""  ""'"«'  "■'  ■»"'•-«'-'  'he 
«.e  UD*?™*  .r  ""^r?"  """""  "■«"  ""  I-"ia„. 

ilr^   ,?"'  I'"*"  °^  ""  "'"'"e^"  »»   board  Who 

~nf  *.  .r*"'"  *"''  """"'"  ■■•"  800d  quafters,  .„r" 
rendered  without  resistance.  The  Indians,  however,  o„ 
Two^'  'he  boat,  massacred  all,  without  distinc  ion" 
Two  day.  after,  the  «,me  party  attempted  to  decoy  three 
large  boat.  ..ho„  ,h«  were  coming  down  from  For.  PUt! 

ahee«d  off  ?h''"  *"°"'"' '" '™"  •-'  <»"  P««f^^ 
ofth^frh  ,  '^".V"*™''' '«'"e  prepared,  manned  one 
of  the  r  boat,  w.th  about  JO  warrior,,  and  gare  ch.,e. 
The  crew,  of  two  of  the  boats,  fearing  they  might  I^ 

where  they  threw  oTerboard  all  the  horses,  and  some 

»rV.  "■  '■'•  *"'^"'  "•"»«'««  in  the  par. 

»..,  keeping  on  a  steady  cour«  for  about  20  mil.,,  Sot- 
withstandrng  3«  well  armed  white  men  were  on  board      t 
•he  American  bos.,  wUh  one  of  our  C„l„».i.  „f  »,a.*..      ^ 


^huh  for  wmt  of  a  little  reiolution  and  ikill,  a  tkto^i* 
able  ol>portunity  was  loitf  to  destroy  a  number  of  tha  TiI6 
tnernlei  to  the  human  race.  The  Indianib,  on  thbir  r6« 
turni  took  possession  of  the  two  boats  that  were  abandon- 
ed, and  found  in  them  17  horses,  JOOO  dollars  worth  of 
jhoerchandizfi  and  consyierable  profieHy,  belonging  to  th^ 
emigrants. 

Fort  M'Intosh,  on  the  Ohio,  tras  a  short  time  sinct 
attacked  by  a  party  af  Indians— they  Secreted  themselves 
near  the  fort  and  succeeded  in  killing  the  centiuel  on  dit- 
ty, they  then  rushed  into  the  fort  and  discharged  their 
pieces  on  those  within,  but  one  man  was  wounded,  who^ 
in  endeavouring  to  escape,  was  tomahawked  by  an  In- 
dian. One  ball  just  grazed  the  temple  of  Capt.  Forbbs) 
who  commanded  the  guard,  and  four  others  struck  th6 
log  above  his  head,  the  splinters  and  bits  of  which  cut 
his  face,  and  left  it  as  if  scarified.  The  garrison  consist- 
ed of  twenty  men  and  there  were  about  forty  of  th% 
enemy. 

Thus,  air,  we  find  that  Indian  tirbaties  do  hot  secttt 
our  country  from  the  depredations  of  the  isavages  ;  out 
laat  hope  now  is  that  the  President  of  the  United  Statel 
will)  ere  long,  adopt  such  measures  as  Will  prove  th^ 
efficiency  of  the  Federal  Government,  to  protect  the  citi- 
zens of  the  United  States,  however  reraotiely  situated 
from  the  seat  of  government." 


Copy  of  a  letter  from  a  gentleman  in  South-Cairoirha  to  k 
^  friend  in  New -York  dated 

i*  Charlegtotii  jiu^ust  6,  17^9^. 

«  An  express  arrived  from  Gen.  Pickens  and  Colonel 

AHbERsoN,  which  brings  advices  to  the  Governor,  stating, 

liiat  a  general  Indian  War  on  the  western  frontiers  of  the 

f buthern  states  seems  inevitable ;  that  by  intelligence  from 


A$Sm. 


pke  ^ountfy  of  the  Creek*,  All  the  tribei  etcept  the  Cii- 
Mtiiws  are  determined  for  inAr  }  urged  by  Galphin,  the 
tueteisor  of  M^GiLLivHAt ;  and  that  they  hate  already 
commenced  hostilities  within  the  Carolina  line^  a  party  of 
them  having  killed  and  scalped  a  man  on  Tugaloo.  We 
heir  his  excellency  has  ordered  one  thiird  of  the  inilitia 
iA  thi  upper  districts  to  be  draf^d,  tind  held  in  retdine^s 
for  immediate  service,  should  the  sarages  make  further 
depredations  on  the  frontiers. 

«  Yesterday  evening  a  gentlttnah  arrived  here  from 
AttgustA,  in  Georgia,  who  informed  us,  that  six  of  the 
^l>reek  towns,  with  a  number  bf  Cherokees,  had  declared 
War  against  the  United  States,  and  Wetc  actually  march- 
ing under  the  cdintttahd  6f  fio^riBs  and  Gau^hir  t6  at- 
tack the  frontieVs* 

"  Oh  the  92d  iilt.  tht  indiatis,  Sf  in  aumbei'i  eame  to 
iht  hotise  or  k  Mf.  RietiAtiD  TiiREsfifeit^  in  Augusta, 
lAid  fiiM  upon  dhd  killed  Mr.  TsRESfiSR)  ttiro  children 
*iid  It  he^o  irbtMini  Mrb.  T'HR«sHtH,  lo  aveid  if  possi- 
ble the  f«*  i^ith  Which  she  was  threatened,  fled  with  an 
fhfcnt  df  abetit  five  or  six  weeks  eld  in  her  arms,  and 
reaped  ifeto  the  Hveir ;  the  Ittdiiins  pursued)  shot  her 
HhroUgh  iikfch  tHgh  jtod  right  brcasti  itabhed  her  in  the 
left  bi!Wist  with  i  khife*  tut  her  left  kfm  nearly  off,  ftnd 
"then  BcWi)ed  heh  In  this  horrid  Situation  febe  remawied 
tmtil  the  neighbor^  could  as8««4ble  in  SuflBclehl  nutiibera 
td  cross  the  riter  and  puirstie  the  Indiiins.  Ai  the  first 
cahcjfe  wli4  crossing  she  had  8ti»t«ifeth  endugh  to  call  for 
litSistdhcfe,  thfcy  tlrtwt,  found  her  hanging  by  a  iJush  fn 
water  nfeaiiy  up  to  liei-  chin,  her  infcnt  iit  the  hWteto  of 
the  tivfer,  k  few  yiif ds  froA  her*  She  lived  24  hottfs,  and 
Whet»  informed  by  her  physiciSn  tk*t  it  Wa«  impossible 
To!-  her  toBufviVe  much  longer,  she  whh  h  fortitude  that 
is  ffirely  to  be  ^et  With,  calkd  her  friends  around  her, 
and  in  a  calth  but  pathetic  manner,  gaye  her  hand  to  each 


one,  wishing  them  a  better  f.tc  than  had  befallen  h«r..i# 
-df.mil,  ,  .„d  When  after  her  .r^^r^  r^:!Z':^;^ 

l»er  hand  until  about  6ve  mh.uies  btioi  c  sh..  ^ZnLu 
breath,  which  was  without  a  s«i„.  ^^^'^nedher 

«  Mrs.  TiiaisHKK  was  bb«ut  twenty.five  v<i«r«  «f 

above  receiverf    «"   ,     •  u  u"  "*^®   **"*  Wcounts 

r..re«.d?n;t«;    wilt    ""'  *"  "••  '""""  ""• 

■Cap...„  K„„„i.fc  .bo«.,5»en,  wh,w"„.t 

inrc'iar  h!"""lT*  'P'"  '"  **"«^  ">«'r  fire. 
T™  rf,'"  ("'."'  *""  ""''""P.  •»'i  Wore  .    ; 

'         '  "'  *"""'"'  '"■!.  .nd  blanket,.    K.»tok  had 


c«ic  u  .n  killed.    It  i,  .uppoted  t^^  j^j. 

.nd  earned  off,  from   «,me  discorerie.    hat  Ze^       f 
next  morning,"  "  ^^"^  nwde 


Charge  of  .  ,„,.  „„„,„  "Vp-X^'^^:  ^.rj;* 

tboagh  under  o.'o?for.  src.r"' """'''"'■••  •'• 
"hich.  .nd  ,   «  oup„'  '?    r     ^'•"•-no'wilh.t.ndine 

dian,  drove  .h  min.o  .?.,''' '"P"''''''''  "■«'»- 
lucm  inio  ibe  fort,   and  carrirri  ,./r    n  -^ 

proTi.  ,0D,  and  hor«s  (boih  Dack  .nH  "'""' "«^  »"  "" 

twenty  killed  and  four  w„u„5.d   •"^/="'"yJ"«« about 

•ny  i  but  .00  i«te  .  .'  '  "  ^  ""'°  '"■"  "•«  «»«• 
fcad  made.  The  o.,.«  nd  H  '  "'""'  ""  '»*«"• 
p..  we.,  ^-rUc«.aTo'o„,;cuou"lt'' "' ''■"•''"• 
"«7  rough,  „™o.t  "nder~™;'^H'  «:"'-•  " 
Jo..*.,  .ne  captain  and  ,e„  priy.,,  i,!/""-  °" 
wounded,  beaidc.  hone.  .n.i  *  '"''  «""« 

.«» thoMand  do;,.rc;:;r  "™"'"' "  ^'■• 

dead  .  ..  .„  di...n„  f,„™  .h.  fielu  of  .c  "     7,1  """' 
dian.  had  writer,.  ™ong  them    »h«  T        y^""^" 
nr  .ndeulog,  „ig.,  'b     L*'"' ^r "'""""' 

rather  than  «.„.  "      ■         "'"**      ^"rican  cfcara,     r 
•ainer  man  depreciate  it  as  the  Eu.«  j       _       ' 

»-"•>»«•»     latelym.de  thl  7"'     "•*      %-f 


Ight  lattlf  exhibited  (o  anjyse  the  nuneroui  Indiana  ai^ 
aembled  there,  and  to  divert  their  iquanrs  and  children* 
It  was  in  ridicule  of  General  St.  Clair's  disposition  of 
his  troops  on  the  4th  Novemb^  last,  and  of  his  flight 
before  the  Indians,  who  pursued  him  and  his  arnif 
whilst  the  ether  plundered  his  camp }  thejr  have  given 
out  that  they  mean  to  celebrate  this  event  annually,  by  a 
like  sham  fight  and  ?  great  dance  to  be  called  General 
St.  Clau's  fight  aim  dance.  It  is  to  be  hoped  we  yet 
shall  have  an  opportunity  (o  retaliate,  and  to  teach  our 
enemy  to  amuse  themselves  at  our  expense  in  a  less  lu- 
dicrous manner*  It  seems  Gen.  St.  Clair's  field  of  ac- 
tion was  on  a  branch  of  the  Wabash,  twenty-four  leagues 
from  the  Miami  towns,  which  are  now  inhabited  by  the 
hostile  Indians. 

«»  A  letter  from  a  correspondent,  on  whose  veracity 
we  can  rely,  in  the  territory  of  the  United  States  south 
of  the  river  Ohio,  dated  the  17Ui  ult.  states  that  eve^'y 
thing  wears  a  gloomy  aspect  on   the  western  froniers ; 
that  about  the  last  of  Decemberi  the  Cherokees  sent  in 
peace   talkers   to  Governor   Blount,  which  were  only 
intended  to  facilitate  the  convmission  of  further  depreda- 
tions by  them,  when  the  guards  from  our  out- posts  were 
withdrawn  ;  that  from  the  16th  to  the  S6th  of  January, 
th«  Indians  killed  and  wounded  19  persons  in  Cumber- 
land,  among  whom  was  Ewin  SaKLBT,  brother  to  the 
Governor  of  Kentucky  ;  that  four  of  the  Chickamogga 
towns  and  the  upper  Creeks  have  declared  war  ;  that  the 
Creeks  had  killed  a  family  in  the  county  of  George  ;  that 
the  barbarity  exercised  by  them  in  this  ma&sacre,  was 
•nough  to  nwke  human  nature  shudder  at  the  bare  re«- 
tal."^Thcy  butobered  them  like  so  many  dogs,  caught 
their  blood  and  boweh,  exposed  them  to  view,  and  then 
faie  the  whole  to  a  tame  bear  to  devour  *,  that  the  Chero- 
ksn  had  kiUed  two  Creeks,  wounded  several,  and     \t» 


iwo  priioners ;  that  the  Creeks  threaten  to  retaliate,  an^ 
cut  tl  m  all  off;  that  the  inhnbitants  qf  the  territory  are 
"Waiting  with  impatience  for  the  general  government  to 
afford  them  succour  and  protection,  that  treaties  with  the 
aavages  Mrill  avail  nothing,  as,  what  promises  they  make 
to-day,  they  will  not  hesitate  to  break  to>morrow." 


*»»— 


Copy  of  a  letter  from  Mr.  John  Corblt^  (a  Baptist,  mM 
nister)  to  his  friend  in  Philadelphia,  dated 

"  M<cb/y  CwA,  (Penn.)  Sept.  1,    1792. 
««  D<ar  Siry 

•*  The  following  are  the  particulars  of  the  de« 
atruction  of  my  unfortunate  family  by  the  Savages— Ort 
the  lOih  Muy  la3t  being  my  appointment  to  preach  at 
one  of  my  meeting  houses,  about  a  mile  from  my  dwel- 
ling bouse,  I  sat  out  with  tay  loving  wife  and  ftve  chil- 
dren, for  public  worship.  Not  suspecting  any  dangerj 
I  walked  behind  a  few  rods  with  my  bible  in  my  hand, 
ineditaling.— As  I  waa  thus  employed,  on  a  sudden,  I 
wasg  eatly  alarmed  by  ihe  frightful  shrieks  of  my  dear 
family  before  me— I  immediately  ran  to  their  relief  with 
all  possible  speed,  vainly  hunting  a  club  as  I  ran— wh^n 
within  a  few  yards  of  them,  my  poor  wife  observing  me 
cried  out  to  me  to  make  my  escape— at  this  mstant  an 
Indian  ran  up  to  shoot  me,  1  had  to  strip  and  by  so  doing 
out  run  him.  My  wife  had  an  infant  in  her  arms  whicli 
the  Indians  killed  and  scalped,  after  which  they  strnck 
my  wife  several  times,  but  not  bringing  '  er  to  the  ground/ 
the  Ir.dian  who  attempted  to  shoo,  me  approached  her 
•tid  shot  her  through  the  body,  after  which  they  scalped 
her  !— my  little  son,  about  six  years  old,  they  despatched 
by  sinking  their  hatchets  into  his  brains  !— my  little 


rAA     .L.«  ;~    111.- 


e.:u.J 1 


■"^vj|  vusjf  (1^  •'««  si«h!I«4%i*  a»»»5Mi  wins 


— iro— 

»<:alped!  My  ddcst  daughter  attempted  an  escape  by 
.  conceahng  hcrsdf  in  a  hollow  tree,  about  c>ix  rods  from 
the  fatal  scene  of  action-observing  the  Indians  retiring 
<a8  she  supposed)  she  deliberately  crept  from  the  place  of 
her  concealment,  when  one  of  the  Indians,  who  yet  re 
warned  on  the  ground,  espying  her,  ran  up  to  her  and 
With  h.s  tomahawk  knocked  her  down  and  scalped  her'-, 
but,  blessed  be  God,  she  yet  survives,  as  does  her  little 
sister  whom  the  savages  in  like  manner  tomahawked  and 
scalped-they  arc  mangled  to  a  shocking  degree,  but  the 
doctors  thi.nk  there  are  some  hopes  of  their  recovery. 

When  I  supposed  the  Indians  gone  I  returned  to  see 
What  had  become  of  my  unfortunate  family-whom,  alas 
1  tound  m  the  situation  above  described  :— No  one,  my 
dear  friend,  can  form  a  true  conceptioa  of  my  feelings  aC 
ihis  moment— a  view  of  a  scene  so  shorkingto  humanity 
quite  overcome  me-I  fainted,  and  was  unconsciously 
borne  off  by  a  friend  who  at  the  instant  t..  rived  to  my  relief. 
Thus,  dear  sir,  have  I  given  you  a  faithful  though  a 
short   narrative   of  the   fatal  catastrophe-and    amidst 
which  my  life  is  spared,  but  for  what  purpose  the  Great 
Jehovaii  bests  knows-oh,  may  I  spend  it  to  the  praise 
and  glory  of  his  grace,   who  worketh  all  things  after  the 
council  of  his  own  will—the  government  ot  the  world  and 
the  church  is  in  his  hands,  I  conclude  w.h  wishing  you 
every   blessing,  and  subscribe  myself  your  affectionate 
though  afflicted  friend,  and  unworthy  brother  in  the  gos- 
pel  ministry.  «  jqhn  CORBLY." 


On  the  27ih  September,  1/92,  a.  five  gentlemen 
(Messrs.  Jacobus  1  alleh,  Isaac  Arnold,  Jame^  Ste- 
WART,  Daniel  Babclait,  and  Isaac  Van  Alstvne,) 
were  on  their  way  to  Detroit,  at  a  place  called  the  river 
fiurdel,  on  Lake  Erie,  they  were  suddenly  attacked  by 


—  171— 

feur  Mahagoh  or  Det.ware  Indians,  (armed  with  ™„. 
^^^  .«d  tomahawk,)  „h„  fired  on  .hem  and  kM  Mr 

•d  Mr.  A»»0Lo_,hey  then  rushed  on   „Uh  .heir  .oma- 
latruggle,  m  which  he  received  several  wounds  in  his  head 

Evl!!h        ^     •^"''*"'  '"Wedit  (itunfor.u. 
^tely  not  he.ng  charged)  at  the  Indian,  who  immediately 

hereupon  „,.h  the  three  others  fled.to  the  woods.  As 
«on  as  they  had  disappeared.  Mr.  A«»oid  and  his  com- 
panion  hastened  to  the  shore  of  the  lake,  in  which  thev 

h™tref "'""'  ■""  ""en  abon.  thirty  rods  fl' 

t"Z    het    '  TT'  ""'  '""""  "-'-'f  ■■>   ■"= 
Win  o^To    h"^''"'  "^  ""  <='""P»i<'"sto  return  and  take 

pridTd'Cc  yTr  ikrHr^'"^  "^  '""■-' 

•k-.  T  _!•  '  ^'^»  '"    -"e  very    soot    whfi-,* 

the  Indians  were  ih.„  a«se.ablecl,  who  with   ^1   V 

hawks  instantly  despatched  him  .«ft      7   .  ^°"'*' 

ed  th*^  f«,  ■      *^  ^^"^"  "'"'  J  aft-sr  which  they  follow^ 

ca  me  two  survivors    in  nn  ,^l,l  »"»•«*¥ 

down  the  lak.  TJu-  ^  ^'^^^^^  ^^°  °'*  '^^""^e  miles 

aown  the  lake,  but  being  unable  to  overhaul  them    the 
discontinued  the  pursuit.  '       ' 


G^y  of  a  letter  from  u  gentleman  in  Marietta  to   his 

friend  in  Washington,  dated 

«  AK«.,»    •  1..  "Marietta,  March  4,  ]793. 

.f  lo^z"  t  n::?  r  '^^^'^^^^  ^^  ^^^  -- 

Pn  the  west  rn  ba  k  0    Sh    :c  /r.'^'*  ""^  '^^^^'"^ 
from  lVh.«,;«.  t,.^^:  ^^ou  Ce.k,  about  twelve  miles 

'"  ""*'  *'"'Wii^st  sicucs  in  the  water.— At  a  dis. 


.^■■ 


./ 


^ce  thtf  discoTered  two  men,  who  Appeared  to  be  letr 
tiers,  being  dressed  with  coats  and  hats.— These  men  to| 
limuse  and  deceive  the  children  (as  they  even  shewed)! 
engaged  in  the  same  sport,  advancing  towards  the  boys^ 
till  by  degrees  they  got  so  near  that  the  children  discovj 
ered  them  to  be  Indians  ;  but  it  was  then  too  late  to  maM 
their  escape.  The  Indians  seized  and  carried  them  si) 
miles  into  the  woods,  where  they  made  a  fire,  and  lOf^c 
up  their  lodgings  for  the  night ;  their  rifles  and  toma- 
hawks they  rested  against  a  tree,  and  then  laid  do\Tn) 
each  Indian  with  a  boy  on  his  arm.  The  children  as 
nay  be  supposed  kept  awake— the  oldest  begun  to  movei 
and  finding  his  Indian  sound  asleep,  by  degrees  disen- 
gaged himself,  and  went  to  the  fire,  which  had  then  got 
low  and  stirred  it  up ;  the  Indian  not  waking,  he  whisper- 
ed to  his  brother,  who  likewise  crept  away,  and  both  of 
them  went  to  the  fire.  The  oldest  boy  then  observed  to 
his  brother,  "  I  think  we  can  kill  these  Indians,  and  get 
away  from  them"— the  youngest  agreed  in  the  proposal 
of  aittmpiing  it.  The  oldest  then  took  one  of  the  rifles, 
liod  placed  the  muzzle,  which  he  rested  on  a  small  stick 
that  he  found  for  the  purpose,  close  to  the  head  of  one 
of  the  Indians,  and  committing  the  execution  of  this  part 
of  the  business  to  his  brother,  ordered  him  to  pull  the 
trigger  at  the  moment  he  saw  him  strike  the  other  In- 
dian with  one  of  the  tomahawks.  The  oldest  gave  the 
signal ;  the  youngest  pulled  trigger— the  rifle  shot  away 
the  lower  part  of  the  Indian's  face  and  left  him  senseless  ; 
he  then  told  his  brother  to  lay  on,  for  he  had  done  for 
]i!s  ;  after  which  he  snatched  up  the  gun  and  ran  ;  the 
boy  with  the  tomahawk  gave  the  stroke  with  he  v/rong 
end,  the  Indian  started  on  his  seat— the  boy  found  the 
mistake,  and  turning  the  tomahawk  in  his  hand,  gav« 
him  another  blow  which  brought  him  to  the  ground  ;  he 
reptnted  lii»  strokes  until  he  had  despatched  hii9)  and 


nikm^. 


Jr'-^jT 


then  liiftde  the  best  of  his  way  After  his  brother*  When 
Ihe  boys  had  found  the  path  which  they  recollected  to  haye 
travelled  before,  the  oldest  fixed  his  hat  on  a  bush,  as  a 
directory  to  find  the  scene  of  action  the  neit  day.  The 
tomahawked  Indian  was  found  near  the  place  where  the 
boys  had  left  him.  The  other  was  not  there  j  but  was 
tracked  by  his  blood,  and  although  so  weakened  by  his 
wounds,  that  he  could  not  raise  his  rifle  to  fire  at  bis  pur- 
•uers  (the  whites)  they  suffered  him  to  escape  ;  but  it  is 
supposed  he  must  have  died  of  his  wounds.  These  two 
Indians  were  sent  out  to  reconnoitre  the  best  place  for  an 
attack,  which  was  to  have  been  made  by  a  body  of  war* 
riors,  waiting  in  the  neighborhood." 


Copy  of  a  letter  from  Colonel  Robhrtsoit  to  General 
Wasbinctow,  dated 

Najthamef  Feb.  1,  1793. 
«  Sir— By  accounts  received  from  the  Chickasaw  na- 
tion  of  Indians,  we  are  informed  that  at  a  grand  council 
of  ihcir  warriors,  it  was  unanimously  determined  to  com- 
mence active  operations  agaiust  the  whites  j  the  Chero- 
kees  they  expect  will  join  them.  The  white  inhabitants 
in  this  quarter  arc  drawing  together,  and  are  doing  every 
thing  possible  for  their  defence^  but  I  fear  without  some 
timely  ahsistance  we  shall  all  fall  a  sacrifice  to  the  wan- 
ton barbarity  of  our  savage  foes,  who  we  expect  are  now 
rm  their  way  to  this  place  to  the  number  of  one  thou- 
sand;  Major  Hall  and  his  eldest  son  fell  a  sr  orifice  to 
iheir  fury  two  days  ago,  near  Bedloe'a  Lick.  They  have 
killed  about  twenty-four  persons  in  the  course  of  a  few 
months  in  this  settlement,  besides  a  great  number  more 
near  it. 

From  Burke  county  we  learn  that  on  ti.e  I  lib  instaat, 


cd  at  William's  Swamp,  on  the  Ogcchee  river,  by  aoae^ 
ly  0  Ind,ans~the  little  gir,  (to  deter  them  f  om  the,> 
xrue  des.g„)  held  out  a  bottle  of  honey,  telling  Im 

iTf     T*     !f '''^  '^""  '"  ''^^^  "^'^^^  »*«»«  'o  spare  her 
fe^hey  told  her  they  did  not  want  r«m.  b„t  her  hat' 

they  knocked  her  down  and  scalped  her,  but  we  are  hap, 
Py  to  learn  she  is  in  a  fair  way  of  recovery 

In^'n'  I'^'^'i'"""  ^^"^"^l^y'  I  «m   informed  that  the 
Indanshave  done  more   mischief  in  that  state  the  pre- 
«en    year,  than  for  at  least  four   year.  past.     Scarce  a 
boat  can  pass  below  Limestone  but  what  is  attacked  by 
them  ;  six  or  seven  have  been  captured,  some  with  very 
valuable  lading-by  a  prisoner  who  escaped  from  them  a 
short  time  since,  we  are  informed  that  the  Indians  have 
procured  a  boat,  or  rather  a  kind  of  floating  battery,  v-jth 
the  sides  built  high  and  rendered  bullet  proof;  this  boat 
IS  stationed  near  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Miami.    The  J 
a  few  days  since  captured  a  boat  in  which  were  a  Cant. 
AsHLKr  and  bis  family-.a  son  of  the  captain  havinl 
been  very  spirited  in  the  opposition,  the  savages  imme- 
diateb^  put  him  to  death,  cut  out  hts  heart  and  broiled  it 
which  they  afterwards  devoured  in  the  presence  of  the 
unhappy  father,   who  has  since   n. -de  his  escape  from 

.et!"rf\^'°'''^'"^ '° ''''''''°"' "  '^''''  ^  have  never 
Iieard  of  being  practiced  by  the  savages  before." 


Copy  of  a  letter  from  General  Clarke,  to  his  Excellea- 
cy  the  Governor  of  the  Slate  of  Georgia,  dated 

„  p         _  .    ^  "  ^^"i  ^^''^^j  Sept.  24,  1 793. 

oiR— I  had  certain  information  that  a  man  was  killed 
on  the  14th  near  Greensborough,  by  a  party  of  six  or 
seven  Inojans ;  and  that  on  the  16th  Col.  Barber,  with 
a  small  party  was  waylaid  by  SO  or  60  Indians,  by  whom 


—17S-J 

•hreeof  hig  psrijr  were  killed.  Thi.,  together  with  a 
«r.ety  of  other  accounts  equally  alirmiog^  determbed 
m.  tP  mse  what  men  I  could  in  ,h.  courfe  oH  ™ 
and  march  with  them  ,„  protect  the  frontier,.  i„  whi  h 
p.ce  of  .,me  1  collected  .62  men.  chiefly  'v„  „„ree ° 
and  proceeded  to  the  place  „here  Col.  B,»;.„  haS 
atacked  „here  I  found  the  bodies  of  the  three  m" 
mentioned  above    mangled  in  a  shocking  manner,  and 

Thet    R  .       ,\'     ■"  '°""'   '"'"'f'"'  Oakmulgee, 
where,  find.ng  I  had  no  chance  of  overtaking  them,   I 

ment,  Tl"^  ''"  '""""^  °<"  f'°"'i"  ""la- 

ments ,  1  immediately  turned  and  followed  thi,  trail  un. 

td  the  mornmg  of  the  21st,  between  11  and  12  otlock 

.hen  I  came  up  „i,h  ,bem.     They  had  j.s.  crossed  a' 

?ort  en  ■""I"""  """'"B  on  an  eminence.  My' 
force  t.,en  consisted  of  13o  men,  30  having  been  sent 
b  ck  on  account  of  their  horses  being  tired  fnd  los,     I 

Xco>""p  """  "  "■■■""'"»-'>"  ">'  Hght  command, 
did  ,„  !^"'  ""'  '"'J'"'  *='•"""-  "ho  «ere  or. 

tZtl  '"Tf  '"^  '^'""■8«  •"«  '"dians,   wl,i„h  the, 

dlr  hemlro  "i""'  '""  '-■""■'  "■"  '-'HmmediS 
bZ.  7  T  ^'"  '"""-P™"'  b^ck  into  the  cane 
brake,  where,  finding  i,  i;„p„„ib,e  fo,  „„„  ,„  "' 

they  obstma.ely  returned  our  fire  until  half  pas.  four 
o  c  ock.  when  ,hey  ceased,  except  now  and  then  a  shou 

Ou'ing  the  latter  part  of  ih.  action  they  sei«d  e.e. 
ry  oppor.un„y  of  escapin-  .,  ,.,^1.  parties'  leavl% 

r«.  to  sh,lt  for  tbemsehe..    Abouc  sunset  I  tl«S,.it 

warn  :■  Z"-'  '"  '""  "''•  "  ''"  """  "''  ^"<^^  <»" 
want  0,  p,ov,„ons  nearly  ™o  days,  and  for  want  of  wi 

tcrdnrmg  tne  action,  but  more  particularly  to  take  caS 
~^'"~'  "'"V**  »»««Mnisa  iv  eleven,  and  six  mf 


^ 


*-4f«- 


iei,  from  titry  cfrcumsitance  I  am  certain  there  weri 
not  less  than  35  Indians  killed,  and  probahljr  double  that 
number  grounded. — In  short  thejr  were  totally  defeated^ 
with  the  loss  of  their  provisions}  cloathing,  8(c.  constat- 
ing  of  the  following  articles :  4  muskets,  32  brass  ket- 
tles, and  100  large  packs,  containing  blankets,  match- 
coats,  boots,  moccasons,  tomahawks,  pipes,  upwards  of 
100  halters  and  bridles.  Sec.  from  all  which  I  judge  their 
number  was  fully  equal  to  ours.  Col.  Freeman  and 
Major  Clarke  distinguished  themselves,  and  from  the 
spirit  and  bravery  with  which  the  whole  of  my  little  par- 
ty acted  during  the  action,  I  do  not  believe  that  had  we 
met  them  in  the  open  woods,  we  should  have  been  moro 
than  five  nvinutes  in  destroying  them  all. 

«  While  I  was  on  this  excursion  two  skirmishes  hap- 
pened near  Greensuorough,  in  one  of  which  one  man 
was  wounded,  and  in  the  other  six  stand  of  arms  were 
lost,  being  guarded  Ly  only  two  men,  while  the  rest  of 
the  party  were  gathering  fodder. 

"  I  am.  Sir,  with  the  utmost  respest,  your  Excellency's 
raost  obedient,  and  very  humble  servant. 

«  B.  CLARKE,  Brig,  Gen, 

«  His  Ex,  George  Mat    w*,  Governor  of  Georgia,** 


.MM4 


Copy  of  a  letter  from  an  officer  in  the  service  of  the  Uni- 
ted States  to  his  friend  in  New-York,  dated 

«'  Buffalae  Creek^  Sept.  27,  179S. 
«  I  left  Fort  Franklin  ihe  3d  instant,  and  arrived  here 
the  11th  in  the  evening,  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Winnet, 
who  informs  me  that  upwards  of  four  thousand  hostile  In- 
dians were  now  assembled  at  the  Miami  villages,  and  that 
their  number  was  daily  increasing— Captain  Powrl  and 
leveral  other  gentlemen  of  the  British  army  dined  wi;'; 


/«BVCtu«i/|  «iuu  trvui  iMwu  wviat 


.: 1 


m^A^t  liJP 


%aM«««ftWM    *•*••••    !-.»-«■»*.. 


cohfinced  that  tht  Indiatis  are  8li|p))6i't3d  by  the  fiVitish  lA 
the  wiraj,\Intt  u«— indeed,  Captaih  PowEt  toM  m6,  tliat 
All  the  ibttottons  of  the  Indians  was  VIrell  known  lo  thcl^, 
and  the  Indians  were  iheir  allies,  and  of  course  thby  must 
iupport  them— he  also  informed  rtie  that  ten  scouts  ot 
hostile  Indians  were  then  out  to  strike  on  the  frontiers, 
and  that  they  would  soon  strike  the  Six  Nations.  Some 
©f  the  chiefs  of  the  hostile  Indians  pasted  here  about  five 
days  ago  on  their  way  to  Catiada,  but  what  their  businesi 
is  I  cannot  learn.'* 


CHAP.  XII, 

DEFEAT  OF  THE  INDIANS  BY  GEN.  WATN^i 
AVGUST  20th,  1794. 


€Kh%  WAYNE  To  rsM  .  Cv  RETARY  or  WAti, 

"  IT  is  with  infinite  pleasure  that  I  sinaounrs  t^ 
you  the  brilliant  success  of  the  Federal  a. -my  ^indei  m^ 
command,  in  a  general  action  with  thecomI;;j<-a  force  of 
the  hostile  Indians,  and  a  considerable  number  of  the  vol- 
unteers, and  militia  of  Detroit  on  the  30th  August,  on 
the  banks  of  the  Miamis,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  British 
post  and  garrison  at  the  foot  of  the  Rapids. 

The  army  advanced  from  Fort  Washington  on  the  ISih^ 
and  arrived  at  Roach  De  Bout  on  the  18ih,  and  the  I9ih, 
we  were  employed  in  making  a  temporary  post  for  the 
Reception  of  our  stores  and  baggage,  and  in  reconnoitre, 
ihg  the  position  of  the  enemy  who  were  encamped  bebiad 
a  thick  bushy  wood  and  the  British  fort. 

At  8  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  SOth,  the  am^ 
•gain  advanced  in  columns  agreeable  to  the  Btandino.  or. 

I  '      """^ 


M 


—178— 

der  of  the  march,  the  legion  on  the  right,  its  right  Bank 
covered  by  the  Miamis-one  brigade  of  mounted  volun-^ 
teers  on  the  left  under  Brgadier-General  Todd,  and  the 
other  in  the  rear  under  Brigadier  General  Barbrh.    A 
•elect  battalion,   of  mounted  volunteers  moved  in  front  o^ 
the  legation,  commanded  by  Major  Price,  who  was  dii  ' 
rected  to  keep  eufficiently  advanced,  and  to  give  timelf ' 
notice  for  the  troops  to  form  in  case  of  action,  it   being 
yet  undetermined  whether  the  Indians  would  decide  fdr 
peace  or  war. 

After  advancing  about  five  miles,  Major  Pa iOE's  corps 
received  so  severe  a  fire  from  theijnemy,  who  were  se- 
creted  in  the  woods  and  high  grass,  as  to  compel  them  to 
retreat. 

The  legion  was  immediately  formed  in  two  lines,  prin- 
cipally  in  a  close  thick  wood  which  extended  for  miles 
on  our  left  and  for  a  very  considerable  distance  in  front, 
the  ground  being  covered  with  old  fallen  timber,  probably 
occasioned  by  a  tornado,  which  rendered  it  impracticable 
for  the  cavalry  to  act  with  effect,  and  afforded  the  enemy 
the  most  fiivourable  covert  for  their  mode  cf  warfare  ;  the  ^^ 
Savages  were  formed  in  three  lines  within  supporting 
distance  of  each  oiher,  and  extending  for  near  two  milet 
at  right  angles  with  the  river.    I  soon  discovered  from 
the  weight  of  the  fire  and  extent  of  their  lines,  that  the  * 
enemy  were  in  full  force  in  front,   in  possession  of  theif 
favorite  ground,  and  endeavouring  to  turn  our  left  flank ; 
I  therefore  gave  orders  for  the  second  line  to  advance  to 
•uppoft  the  first,  and  directed  Major  General  Scott  to 
gaii.  and  turn  the  right  flank  of  the  Savages,  with  the 
whole  of  the  mounted  volunteers  by  a  circuitous  route  ; 
at  the  same  time  I  ordered  the  front  line  to  advance  and 
charge  with  trailed  arms,  and  rouse  the  Indians  from 
their  coverts  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet,  and  when  up  to 
l^tliTcr  H  close  and  well  directed  fire  on  their  backs,  fob 


POMible  «er.ia»  wa,  used  by  I   offilr     rT     """ 
From  every  .ocount  the  enemy  amounled  ,o  .wo  ,ho,,. 

»  the  armr,  from  .he  Generals  down  .o  the  Enato. 
merit  my  approbation.  •^■'•igiiii 

Licuienant  Covington,  uDon  v,hn,^  .t. 

w...c.e.-:n:r.btrm;.:::;^^^^^^^^ 

1  he  wound,  received  by  Capuina   S.ouo.,  P,.o. 
""■"I  «iiu  A.ieuieiinntj  Bp. 


KiNHT  and  'ijiiT«,  hear  honourable  Itiiimonf  of  iht\t 
hnvevy  and  conduct ;  in  fact  tvery  officer  and  addier 
frho  had  1^  ppportunliy  to  come  into  action  diiplajred 
|hat  t-qe  bravdry  which  will  always  insure  succesa;  and 
j^ere  permit  me  to  declare  that  I  have  never  dticovered 
^nore  true  ipirit  and  anxiety  for  action  than  appeared  to 
pervade  the  whole  of  the  mounted  volunteerat  and  I  am 
|reU  per&uaded,  that  had  the  enemy  maintained  their 
favofit^  ground  for  ope  bi»lf  liour  longer  tbey  would  have 
inoat  sevv^cly  felt  the  proweas  of  that  corps. 

9ut  whilst  I  pay  this  just  tribute  to  the  living  I  must 
Hqt  Df^lect  the  gallant  dead,  antong  whom  we  have  to 
lament  the  early  death  of  those  worthy  and  brave  officers, 
Capt.  Camb»elj.  and  Lieut,  Towles,  who  fell  m  thf 
ficst  chaFge* 

The  loss  of  the  enemy  was  more  t^an  double  to  that 
of  the  federal  army — i^'  '  woods  wee  strewed  f  i*  a  con* 
aiderable  distance  wil  ;  vi  bodies  of  Indians  and  Iheif 
white  auxiliaries,  ?A  k^i^r  armed  with  British  muskets 
and  bayoneiK*  Wf  ieif^ ined  three  daya  and  nigfhts  on 
the  banHs  of  the  Mi^tmiSt  in  front  of  the  field  of  battle, 
during  which  time  all  the  houses  and  cornfields  were 
consumed  and  destroyed  for  a  conaidert^le  distance  abovei 
and  below  the  garrison,  among  which  were  the  houses* 
^orea  and  property  of  CoU  M*Kee,  the  British  Indian 
agent  and  principal  stimulator  of  the  war  now  existir.|; 
iMtween  the  United  States  and  the  savages. 

The  army  returaed  to  head  quartern  on  the  S7th,  by 
easy  marches,  laying  waste  the  villages  and  cornfields  for 
about  fifty  milef  on  each  side  of  the  Misnciis.  It  ia  not 
improbable  but  that  tlw  enemy  may  make  one  deaperate 
effort  agains)  the  army,  as  it  is  said  a  reinforeemcnt  was 
)iourly  expected  at  Fot .  Miamis  from  Niagara,  as  well 
Its  nuancrous  tribes  of  Indians  living  on  the  margins  and 
i^sland$  of  the  l^l^es.    This  is  an  event  raiberto  be  wish* 


'^ 


•d  for  tbtn  dm^i-  ^W$\  the  army  rpm^inp  ifi  fet«i, 
Uiajr  r  mbert  vill  oolf  tjBDfl  to  cDpfuse  the  Uvtget,  l^nd 
tilt  ?icu>ry  teill  pr'  \\^p  «  or  co^npletf  «Dd  decisirc,  and 
W'tichipaj  eye&tualljF  ipsMrp  a  permimcnt  and  i.appf 
,)cace.  .  ■•  f. 

TJ»«  folic  Hg )«  ^  rctiirn  of  the  ki)Ifd  ^n.  worn  id  and 
Hjliwinr  of   ap  fi^dfr^I  fipniy,  in  the  hie  potion  ♦     »i  •— 

KiM.s:p«^l  Cf^gM^n,  I  ^cu^enant,  3  U  »,  ^f 

^ntfs— Total  33^ 

WouMni?i?^4  Captaini,  3  I^ieuteiiiints,  I  sign,  4 
Sergeants,  3  CorpofaU,  ?  ^luMojap)^,  84  priva.w*wTotal 
op. 

I  baVf?  the  h'  ot  to  be,  your  i^ipit  pb^djent  |Ad  very 
|itim)))fl  af rvant 

ANTHONY  WAYNE/' 
«»  7p  ^e  Secr^tcfrf  of  War:* 


T<»e  fpjlpvifig  oirqumit»ncefj|  whiph  I^Pk  place  pre- 
Yif  u«  ^o  »nd  «?^ring  Gcp,  \^^^^^\  eagagcinent,  are 
Wfrlfiy  of  record. 

M  ^*>e  IP^aql  <>p;»  CAiff^n;,^  nrap  attempting  to 
\mk  thf  |ef^  fl#fi)^of  the  cne^y,  three  of  them  plunged 
into  ibp  riVfFTrrtV^  friendly  ncgroea  being  on  the  opposite 
lide,  %n4  pb^erviitg  ^he  Indians  making  for  the  ibore, 
(hey  pifced  t^emsplveson  the  baisk  M^ind  a  log,  and  aa 
soon  as  the  Indians  approached  withir  shot,  one  of  the 
negroes  fired  ^i|d  killed  one  of  the  In  .4ns  j  the  other  two 
got  bold  of  him  tn  drag  l)im  ojif,  vrhcn  (he  other  negro 
ijred  ;^nd  kiile  1  anptljcr;  the  remaining  Indian  got  hold 
qf  both  tho^e  de^d  to  pull  thenn  ashor^^i  when  the  negro 
vh.0  killed  ibe  ^rst  having  9gain  reloaded  fired  and  kiUcd 
the  third,  v^^  they  all  floated  dQWQ  the  river. 

Anothcff  circumstance  is  also  relatedi  via.  A  soldier, 
soon  ftftpf  the  conclusion  of  the  f«t|on>  proceediog  wumi 
distance  froni  the  camp,  met  4p  Indian  j  they  attacked 


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•achoflier,  tlife  ioiaier  with  hit  bayonisV  tttrf  mi  tudhn 
vilh  his  tomahawk  }  some  of  the  soldiers  passing  by  that 
^«y  two  days  after,  found  them  both'  dead,  the  soldier 
mMi  bis  bayonet  in  thctody  of  the  TncSani  ind  the  Ini. 
dian  with  his  tomahawk  in  the  soldier's  head.        -        ] 
The  following  circnrastance  took  ^lacc  previous  tb  the  ■ 
•ction  :-A  Mr;  Wktis,  who,  when  very  young,  was  ta- 
k*n  prisoner  bjrthe  Indians,  and  had  resided  severral  yean 
among  them,  had  made  his  escape  and  w«s  employed  by 
Gen.  WAtmk  as  a  spy^The  day  before  the  action  he 
was  taker?  by  the  Indians,  who  determined  to  put  him  to 
death.    Finding  it  impossible  to  escape,  he  informed 
U»efn  that  Gen.  WiviTB    had  not  500  riien  \iMtt  his 
command   and  did  not  expect  an  attack.    Oh  heaHn^ 
this,  the  Indians  attackcfd Gen.  Watn«  with  aconfidence 
mspired  by  their  (supposed)  superiority  of  nuitoberi,  and 
were  repulsed  as  before   metitioned.    After  the  action, 
Msj.  Cajipbell,  (ift  whose  custody  the  Indians  had  left 
Weils),  enquired  his  inotives  for  deceiving- them  the 
answered,   "/or  the  good  of  mj  countrj^'^Fot  this  he^ 
roic  action,  he  was  unfecfirigiy  delivered  to  the  Indians, 
In  whose  hands  it  is  suppostid  he  «itperieaced  every 
torture  that  savage  barbarUy  could  invent  or  inaict.-.The 
csrcumsiances  respecting  Mr.  WEtLS,  were  related  by  a 

British  drummer  who  dciened  from  the  fort  to  General 
Wayne.  ^ 

<  A  council  df  Indians  was  held  a  few  days  after  their 
defeat  by  Gen.  Watnk,  in  which  British  Agents  en. 
^cavored  to  persuade  them  to  risk  another  action,  but 
this^they  refused  to  do,  expressing  a  wiUirighesa  to  bury 
the  bloody  hatchet  and  return  to  their  homes-their  loss 
they  Qcclared  td  be  200,  and  that  their  whole  force  at  the 
commencement  of  the  action  amounted  to  1500  Indiana 
•ndwxcanadian..  The  body  of  the  Collector  of  Niagara 
#as  found  ataong  the  slain. 


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CO  JH  C  l  U  S  I  0  X. 

iaw  recorded  but  a  .m.ll  ^rnber  of  ,he  '     k  . 

ber  .offidenHir  i,r*-  »,  „   "  *"•  ''<"  "  »»">• 

»..<>  repeated,,  .oHci.ed  t  ."a  'J";^  ""f"'""''  P'-p,, 
tatler  cofwent  to  trite  .m  ..  r  ^"«™"«'«.  did  the 
defe„ce,e.,  b«I«  ,Z C'.,^;'":  T""*"'  '""■"' 

.q«i..b.e,wa.r:jeS  2.r;i,bT;"  T'  *"* 
hr  d,e,e„d  *«  recoar«  ,S.T /'""■'■""""• 
•»  me.,«re»  to  pot  T^J,T  "^  "'  """«  «'«'"»• 
»nna,„ra,  enem'"  Hete  It""""'""'  '"*"  "^  " 
«"  b,  the   Americans     '.  "mmencen^nfof  ho«iIi. 

Gene,.,,  H.,.,;  S.  WtXl'^sir '''''"'  "' 
•nd  sued  for  peace    .nJ.  -Jf       '^  ''"""'  ""^  •«««*«* 

i»r««)  .oon"^!;;;' •  j'"'y.(»"»f«'Ty  .0  b«h 

bave  ever  .ince  .„7      .        /  "'"'"  "^  """'=''.  «ber 
Ti,  7„  """'""'"''f'"ly"'"ihere. 

'beirSghUng  iTT  '"  '""'  "'"•   "«   "-""«■•  of 
Treatr  ^-  '      "^"^'^  '"  ""= ""'«  "••"'ion.d 

Ch^wtV^O-Chrit"''''  "•""-N-".    '^O, 
•nu..  .  wander  .^^trao'o!:*'^'^-^''''''"'  '^°-«- 


■:'*ii*f 


awtftfit  300— Shawanete*  300— Miamies  20i^ijppet 
Craekik  Middle  Qretkt  and  Umet  Creeka»  4000— Cowi- 
ta«;  700— Alib«Biaa|  600— Akiii«aws«300— Antauk^  lOOiflf 
— Padomasi  500— white^and  freckled  Piaoisi  4000— «Catt^ 
set}  1600— Osages,  600-<^raml  Saux,  lOOOH^MtMawH 
SOOO-^auxof  the  Wood)  1800— Blances,  or  white  la^ 
diaDS  with  beard*  1500— AsinboilS)  1500-«<Cbri8iian  Can* 
9n,  SOOO— Ouiaeousas,  500— Mascotins,  500— Lake|^ 
400— Muheroaakesi  350o^FoUe  AvotneSf  or  WildoatSy 
S50— Puans,  700— Powatamig)  350— Misaasagues,  waii>> 
dering  tribe,  3000— Otabasi  900— Ghipewas^  5000-^WU 
andots,  300— Six  NatiOMt  1500— Roudd  Heads,  2500^ 
Algoquini,  3  ^00— Nepisiana,  400— Chalas»  130- Amib 
teste?,  550— Muckniacks,  700— Abinagais)  3f0-»eMlif 
waf  Hurins,  SOQ,— TotaI>  58780. 


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